• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2003

The present time, water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) was widely used for a purification of a polluted lake, livestock wastewater and sewage wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the propriety of sewage wastewater treatment by water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes). On the study of optimal cultivation density, 3 kg/m$^2$ was selected for the most suitable initial cultivation density through the BOD, T-N and T-removal efficiency. In experiment of purification capacity, hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) removed the 267.2 mg BOD/kg · day, 72 mg T-N/kg · day and 8.6 mg T-P/kg · day at 30 operation days respectively. The result showed that hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes) could be used for recovery of eutrophic lake effectively. In the test of optimal HRT(hydraulic retention time), 9 days was selected with the suitable HRT, and BOD, T-N and T-P were removed with 75%, T-N 88% and T-P 97% respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 수생식물 중 부레옥잠(Eichhornia crassipes)과 미나리(Water Dropwort)를 이용하여 유입수의 부하변동에 따른 수처리 효율을 Lab-scale 실험을 통해 평가하고, 부레옥잠을 현장 적용하여 식물생체내 흡수된 질소, 인의 함량을 산정 제시하고자 하였다. 부레옥잠 식물체내 N, P 흡수율은 하수의 1차처리수를 적용하였을때 HRT 4 day에서 가장 높은 흡수율 1.06 g N/$m^2{\cdot}day$과 0.39 g P/$m^2{\cdot}day$으로 각각 나타났다. 부레옥잠의 경우, BOD 부하 185 kg BOD/$ha{\cdot}day$ 이하에서 80% 이상의 높은 효율을 보였으며, 미나리를 적용한 경우에는 80 kg BOD/$ha{\cdot}day$ 이하에서 70~80%의 효율을 나타냈다. 질소와 인의 처리효율 역시 부레옥잠이 미나리 보다 높은 부하에서도 처리 효율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 부레옥잠을 이용하여 50% 이상의 TN 처리효율을 달성하기 위해서는 HRT 2 day 이상, 10 kg TN/$ha{\cdot}day$ 이하로 부하를 유지해야하고, TP의 경우, 80% 이상의 처리효율을 위해서는 TP 부하를 2.0 kg TP/$ha{\cdot}day$ 이하로 유지해야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 부레옥잠을 이용한 50일 동안의 현장적용 실험 결과로 부터 부레옥잠의 연중생산량은 30.9 $m^3/ha{\cdot}yr$로 나타났으며, 질소와인의 연간 흡수율은 76.7 kg N/$ha{\cdot}yr$, 13.4 kg P/$ha{\cdot}yr$로 높게 나타났다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2016

Mycoherbicides are exclusive biotechnology products which offer a non-chemical solution to control noxious weeds on the land as well as aquatic in systems, viz a viz saving environment from hazardous impact of synthetic chemicals. The present paper highlights the mycobiota associated with Eichhornia crassipes infesting Harike wetland area of Punjab and evaluation of their pathogenic potential for futuristic application as a mycoherbicide. Of the 20 isolates tested by leaf detached assay and whole plant bioassays, only one isolate (#8 BJSSL) caused 100% damage to E. crassipes. Further, the culture filtrate of this isolate also exhibited a similar damage to the leaves in an in vitro detached leaf assay. The potential isolate was identified as Phaeoacremonium italicum using classical and modern molecular methods. This is the first report of P. italicum as a pathogen of E. crassipes and of its potential use as a biological control agent for the management of water hyacinth.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 1988

축산폐수(畜産廢水)의 정화방법(淨化方法)의 일환으로 사각(四角) pot에 수초(水草)인 부레옥잠, 물옥잠, 줄, 부들 창포 왕골, 토란을 이식하고 관수(灌水)하면서 재배(栽培)하고 건물생산량(乾物生産量), 식물체중(植物體中)의 질소(窒素)및 인산함량(燐酸含量), 질소(窒素) 및 인산흡수량(燐酸吸收量), 부레옥잠의 생육상황(生育狀況)등을 조사(調査)하여 축산폐수(畜産廢水)의 정화능력(淨化能力)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1 식물별(植物別) 질소(窒素), 인산함량(燐酸含量) 및 제거량(除去量)은 부레옥잠이 가장 높았다. 2. $NH_4-N$ 100ppm구(區)에서 건물수량(乾物收量)은 부레옥잠>줄>부들>물옥잠>창포의 순이었다. 3. $NH_4-N$ 100ppm구(區)에서 질소제거량(窒素除去量)은 부레옥잠>줄>물옥잠>부들>창포>토란>왕골> 순이었고, 인산(燐酸)은 부레옥잠>물옥잠>줄>부들>창포>왕골>토란순이었다. 4. 생육저해(生育沮害) $NH_4-N$ 농도(濃度)는 부레옥잠, 줄, 부들 은 200ppm이고, 물옥잠 및 창포는 100ppm이었다. 5. 부레옥잠에서 질소(窒素)는 잎에 인산(燐酸)은 부레에 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 6. 부레옥잠의 년간(年間) 재배기간(栽培期間)을 7개월(個月)로보면 $NH_4-N$ 100ppm구(區)에서 분벽(分蘗)은 1개체(個體)가 752개(個)로 증가(增加)되고 건물수량(乾物收量)은 10a당(當) 5톤정도(程度)로 추정(推定)되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.95-95
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• 2022

Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. have been known to give effects on pimple. Jatropha gossypiifolia L., Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze, Kadsura heteroclita (Roxb.) Craib extracts have been used for cough cold for a long time. To test whether Jatropha, Anisomeles, Kadsura and Eichhornia have anti-oxidant acitivity, we performed DPPH assay. Jatropha showed 91.98% anti-oxidant activity and Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda showed 47.91%, 47.35% and 32.00% anti-oxidant activity, respectively, compared to Ascorbic acid control. To further determine whether these extracts have any cytotoxic effects, we used MTT assay with these extracts in Raw264.7 cells. Jatropha showed 45.10% survival rate and Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda showed 76.78%, 86.24% and 82.88% survival rate, respectively, compared to negative control. Taken together, these results suggest that Jatropha showed higher anti-oxidant activity than other plant extracts, however it has cytotoxic effect. Therefore, we consider Anisomeles, Eichhornia and Kasuda extracts might be a good candidate to develop as a therapeutic agent with higher anti-oxidant acitivity and lower cytotoxic effects among the tested plant extracts.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

The performance and characteristics of nutrient removal in wetlands influenced by plant type. We tested a floating plant, Eichhornia crassipes, and a submerged plant, Ceratophyllum demersum, under the same environmental conditions to understand the differences in nutrient uptake by these different plant forms. The total nitrogen and phosphorus in the water decreased in the following order: Water Only < Water + Soil < Floating Plants ${\approx}$ Submerged Plants and Water Only < Water+Soil < Floating Plants < Submerged Plants. Nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations increased in both plants; however, the phosphorous concentration was greater in C. demersum than E. crassipes. The submerged plant exhibited higher phosphorus uptake per unit biomass than the floating plant, but nitrogen uptake did not differ significantly. These results suggest that the presence of soil influences nitrogen and phosphorus removal from water, and that wetland plants play an important role in the assimilation and precipitation of phosphorus. Understanding the differences in contaminant removal performance and characteristics of various plant forms can help in the selection of diverse plants for constructed wetlands to improve water quality and provide ecosystem services such as wildlife habitat and landscape enhancement.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.505-510
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• 2010

This study was conducted to refine a micropropagation method of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in vitro. When young shoots were cultured on media with various concentrations of BA or TDZ alone, LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA was found favorable for shoot proliferation from young shoots with a mean of 4.2 shoots. Using BA together with IAA, more shoots were obtained on LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA with a mean of 5.7 shoots. In liquid medium, number of shoots and fresh weight per explant increased significantly. The best shoot proliferation and increasing of fresh weight were achieved on LS liquid medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA and $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA with 6.9 shoots and more than 4,000 mg fresh weight. Of the different concentrations of LS salt, double strength of LS medium provided the highest shoot proliferation with 7.3 shoots, and fresh weight with 5,539 mg per explant. Shoot proliferation on LS medium containing $50\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose had better results with 8.7 shoots and 5,979 mg per explant in fresh weight than other conditions. In conclusion, the optimal level for shoot proliferation and biomass increase of water hyacinth was attained with the application of the double strength of LS medium containing $5.0\;mgl^{-1}$ BA, $1.0\;mgl^{-1}$ IAA and $50\;gl^{-1}$ sucrose.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aquatic plant as a botanical air purification on the indoor air pollution by formaldehyde. Three aquatic plants such as Eichhornia crassipes, Cyperus alternifolius, Echinodorus cordifolius, were selected for this study and they were placed in the artificially contaminated chamber under laboratory condition. The results showed that all three plants could remove the formaldehyde from the contaminated air system effectively. Reduction in the formaldehyde levels by Eichhornia crassipes, which is the floating plant, might be associated with the factors of plant and water. Reduction in the formaldehyde levels by Cyperus helferi and Echinodorus cordifolius, which were emergent plant, was due to the complex effect of plant, soil medium and water. In aquatic plant system, dissolution, microbial degradation in rhizosphere, uptake through root and shoot, sorption to soil and shoot, hydrolysis are known as the main mechanisms of water soluble pollutants in the given system. The advantages of indoor air quality control system using aquatic plants can be; 1) various purifying mechanisms than foliage plants, 2) effective for decontamination of water soluble pollutants; 3) easy for maintenance; 4) diverse application potential. Therefore it was suggested from the results that indoor air control system of aquatic plants should be more effective for reduction of indoor air pollutants.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2020

In this study, we compared efficiency of different aquatic plants in removing indoor pollutants and examined their potential to purify indoor air. Two liter of water in chamber was used as the control, while the other chambers containing water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and water coin (Hydrocotyle umbellata) were used as treatment groups. Temperatures inside all the chambers were maintained between 20 ℃ and 23 ℃. Humidity in the chambers with aquatic plants increased by 30% and 50% control respectively. The removal of formaldehyde per unit leaf area was examined in each aquatic plant. It turned out that water hyacinth removed the highest amount of formaldehyde, followed by water lettuce and water coin. Both water hyacinth and water lettuce increased the amount of removal of formaldehyde until the end of the experiment. In the case of airborne dust (PM 10) and fine dust (PM 2.5), water coin, which had the highest number of leaves, removed more PM 10 and PM 2.5 than the other aquatic plants, with statistically significant difference. In addition, both water coin and water hyacinth smoothly opened and closed stomata before and after the experiment. Consequently, as the aquatic plants were effective in controlling humidity and removing pollutants, they can be used as air purifying plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2002

서낙동강의 물과 저토의 이화학적인 환경을 측정하고, 수생관속식물의 식생을 조사하였다. 수질은 수소이온농도, 용존산소, 엽록소a, 총질소 그리고 총인에 의하면 부영양화 상태이었으나 여름에는 지소에 따라 과영양 상태이었다. 수중 저토는 약산성 이었으며, 모래의 함량이 높았으나 SI는 점토, SU는 미사의 비율이 컸다. 수생식물 분포는 총 16과 26종 1변종으로 총 27분류군이었다. 지소별 우점종은 DU, GA 그리고 SU에서는 마름(Trapa japonica)이 우점하였고, DA에서는 노랑어리연꽃(Nymphoides peltata), SI는 자라풀(Hydrocharis dubia)이 우점하였다. SI와 SU에서 종다양도, 균등성이 높았으며, 우점도는 DA에서 높았다. 6월에 유입된 외래종 물상추(Pistia stratiotes)와 부레옥잠(Eichhornia crassipes)이 수역 전체에 확산되어 서낙동강 전체의 우점종이 되었다. 낙동강 하구둑 축조 당시와 비교하여 서낙동강에서 소멸된 종은 민나자스말(Najas marina), 톱니나자스말(Najas minor), 이삭물수세미(Myriophyllum spicatum), 어리연꽃(Nymphoides indica)이었다. 수생식물의 최대 현존량은 10월에 DU에서 가장 높았다(445g·Dw/㎡). 하구둑 축조당시인 1985년에 비하여 DU와 CA지소의 총현존량은 33.5%로 감소하였으며, 우점종 마름의 감소율이 56.7% 이었다. 종 수와 유사도 지수를 근거로 집괴분석한 결과에 따르면 GA-SU-DU, DA와 SI의 3집단으로 구분되어졌다. 외래종의 유입으로 인한 수생식물군락의 교란은 SI와 SU에 분포하는 가시연꽃(Euryale ferox)과 감소추세 종 자라풀을 포함하여 수역전체의 자생종들 특히 수금류의 먹이식물로 이용되는 마름, 나사말, 말즘 등의 감소를 초래하였다.