• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1458-1463
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• 2016

A 42-d study with 384 Hy-line brown laying hens was conducted to assess the effects of dietary octacosanol supplementation on laying performance, egg quality and blood metabolites of laying hens. Hens were randomly allocated into 4 dietary groups of 8 cages each, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 9 (OCT9), 18 (OCT18), and 27 (OCT27) mg/kg diet of octacosanol isolated from rice bran, respectively. The experiment was conducted in an environmental controlled house and hens were fed twice daily for ad libitum intake. Laying performance was determined over the 42-d period, and egg quality as well as blood metabolites were estimated on d 21 and d 42. Diets in OCT18 and OCT27 increased (p<0.05) laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, egg albumen height, Haugh unit and eggshell strength on d 42, but decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion rate and levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum as compared to those of Control. Feed intake, yolk color, yolk diameter, eggshell thickness and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Results demonstrate that supplementing 18 to 27 mg/kg diet of rice bran octacosanol can improve laying rate and egg quality and reduce blood lipid of laying hens.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2006년도 제23차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.17-27
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• 2006

The effects of dietary betaine on performance, blood compositions, hepatic amino acid concentrations and hormonal secretions were examined in laying hens. Egg production was significantly higher in birds fed the 16.5 % protein diet compared to those fed 14.5 % protein diet(p<0.05), whereas dietary supplementation of betaine did not show any significant effect. The high level of protein and betaine supplementation significantly improved egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion(p<0.05), while eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness and Haugh unit were not influenced by betaine and dietary protein levels. Supplemental betaine did not affect serum total protein, albumin and BUN concentration. However, uric acid concentration significantly increased in 600 ppm betaine-fed groups(p<0.05). Concentrations of most hepatic amino acid were influenced by increased protein feeding and dietary betaine supplementation. Hormone studies recorded significantly higher serum and hepatocyte IGF-I concentration in 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine treatments(p<0.05) compared to those of control group. IGF-I mRNA gene expression of hepatocytes revealed statistically correlated increase in 600 and 1,200 ppm betaine-fed groups compared to the controls(p<0.05). Serum IGFBP-3 concentration was significantly elevated in 600 ppm betaine treatments. However, the secretion of IGFBP-1 in hepatocyte of laying hens fed with 600 and 1,200 ppm of betaine showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(p<0.05). Results of these study show that dietary betaine supplementation affects protein and hormone metabolism in laying hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1300-1308
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phytogenic additive and antibiotic growth promoter in laying Japanese quails. One hundred and sixty five quails were divided into three groups of 5 replicates and 11 quails (8 females and 3 males) in each replicate. Treatment 1 was fed control diet, treatment 2 was fed control diet supplemented with 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate as antibiotic growth promoter and treatment 3 was fed control diet supplemented with 0.1% phytogenic feed additive (PFA) for two periods of 3 weeks each from 37 to 42 weeks of age. Results showed that egg production, eggshell strength, eggshell weight, villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio were significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) increased and feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, albumen, Haugh unit, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, gamma glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, number of goblet cell, crypt depth and intestinal bacterial population of Coliforms, Salmonella and E. coli were significantly (p${\leq}$0.05) decreased in PFA fed group. It is concluded that addition of PFA containing phytomolecules and organic acids as main ingredients could significantly improve the production parameters and the general health of laying quails as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.839-844
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of single or multi-particle size limestone on the egg shell quality, egg production, egg quality and feed intake in laying hens. A total of 280 laying hens (ISA brown) were used in this 10-wk trial. Laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 treatments with 14 replications per treatment and 5 adjacent cages as a replication (hens were caged individually). The experimental treatments were: i) L, basal diet+10% large particle limestone; ii) LS1, basal diet+8% large particle limestone+2% small particle limestone; iii) LS2, basal diet+6% large particle limestone+4% small particle limestone; iv) S, basal diet+10% small particle limestone. The egg production was unaffected by dietary treatments. The egg weight in S treatment was lighter than other treatments (p<0.05). The egg specific gravity in S treatment was lower than other treatments (p<0.05). The eggshell strength and eggshell thickness in S treatment were decreased when compared with other dietary treatments (p<0.05). The laying hens in LS1 and LS2 treatment had a higher average feed intake than the other two treatments (p<0.05). Collectively，the dietary multi-particle size limestone supplementation could be as efficient as large particle size limestone.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the serum components, laying hen productivity, lipid composition of egg yolk, egg flavor and egg quality. Methods: Healthy 28-week-old Hy-Line white laying hens (n = 480) were divided randomly into 4 groups, 6 replicates/group, 20 birds/replicate. The 30-day experimental diets included 0% (control), 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA. Some serum indices of the birds, and egg production, quality, fatty acid composition, egg quality were measured. Results: The dietary supplementation with 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA did not significantly affect the laying rate and feed intake, as well as calcium ion and phosphorus ion concentration in serum (p>0.05). However, the CLA had significantly increased the strength of eggshell, decreased the odor, flavor, and taste of egg yolk, deepened the color of egg yolk, increased saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and reduced the monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05). On the other hand, the dietary supplementation with 1.6% CLA had significant effects on feed/gain, and improved serum hormones. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% CLA can significantly enhance the activity of alkaline phosphates. Conclusion: CLA has no effect on production performance, but does enhance the lipid content of the egg yolk and the strength of the eggshell.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.828-833
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• 2017

Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different methionine (Met) sources on production performance, reproduction performance, egg quality and serum biochemical indices in broiler breeders. Methods: After receiving a basal diet (containing 0.25% Met) for a 2-wk pretreatment period, a total of 360 39-wk-old Lingnan yellow broiler breeders were randomly allocated to four treatments with six replicates each (15 birds per replicate). Breeders were fed with basal diets (control) or diets supplemented with DL-methionine (DLM), DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butytric calcium (MHA-Ca) and coated DL-Met (CME) respectively. Results: The results showed that CME supplementation promoted laying rate and decreased feed-to-egg ratio (F/E) (p<0.05), DLM and MHA-Ca supplementation decreased F/E (p<0.05) when compared with control group. The rate of fertility, hatchability and birthrate were higher (p<0.05) in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups than control group. Compared with control group, CME increased the eggshell thickness (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the eggshell thickness, shell ratio and eggshell strength (p<0.05). Results also showed that CME elevated the concentration of total protein in serum (p<0.05); MHA-Ca improved the concentration of calcium in serum (p<0.05). The concentration of serum uric acid in DLM, MHA-Ca, and CME groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). Besides, CME had higher concentrations of serum taurine, cysteine and cystanthionine (p<0.05) while MHA-Ca and DLM promoted the serum taurine concentration (p<0.05) compared with control group. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that Met supplementation could enhance the production and reproduction performance as well as the antioxidant status and egg quality of broiler breeders. In terms of improving the production performance, reproduction performance and antioxidant performance, CME was superior to DLM and MHA-Ca; but in regard to the enhancement of eggshell quality and serum Ca concentration, MHA-Ca was superior to DLM and CME.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2006

본 시험은 남은 음식물을 산란계 사료에 1, 3, 5, 10 및 20% 첨가하여, 산란계의 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험축은 50주령 산란계(White Leghorn종) 162수를 이용하였으며, 처리구는 남은 음식물을 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 20% 첨가하여 4주간 급여하였다. 시험기간 중 사료 섭취량, 난중은 첨가수준별과 주령별 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 그러나 산란율은 FW 20% 처리구에서 1, 2, 3 주째 산란율의 감소가 있었으나, 4주째 회복하였다(p<0.05). 난각 두께와 난황 계수는 전 처리구에서 차이가 없었으나(p>0.05), 난각 강도는 3주째와 4주째에 10% FW 처리구에서 각각 $4.13kg/cm^2$와 $4.04kg/cm^2$로 나타나 첨가 수준에 따른 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 호우 유니트와 난황색은 20% FW 처리구에서 4주째에 각각 92.3과 9.4로 남은 음식물 사료의 첨가 수준에 따라 주령별 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과 FW를 20% 이상 첨가시에 산란율이 감소했지만, 5% 첨가시에 산란율이 유지되었으며, 난질이 개선되어 남은 음식물 사료의 영양소 요구량 수준 개선으로 사료 자원으로서 가치가 증진될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

본 시험은 양질의 미국산 DDGS를 산란계 사료에 첨가하여 산란계의 생산성, 계란의 품질 및 난황 지질의 총지방 함량과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영양적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한, 가파르게 상승하고 있는 옥수수와 대두박을 대체할 원료 사료로써의 DDGS의 경제성을 검토하기 위해 실시하였다. 23주령의 Hy-line Brown 계통의 산란계 216수에 DDGS를 각각 0%, 10%, 20%를 첨가한 3가지의 동에너지 (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg)-동단백질(17%) 사료를 10주간 급이하였다. 실험 설계는 3처리 6반복, 반복당 12수씩을 완전 임의배치하였다. 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 난생산 사료 요구율 등의 산란 생산성은 모든 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 실험 사료 급여 후 5주째와 10주째에 측정한 난각색, 난백고 및 Haugh unit는 DDGS 첨가에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 난각 무게, 난각 두께, 난각 강도와 같은 난각질에서는 5주째에는 영향을 받지 않았으나, 10주째에는 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황색도의 경우 5주째와 10주째 공히 DDGS 0%구에 비해서 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 난황 비율은 DDGS 20%구에서 DDGS 0%구에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황의 총 지방 함량은 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다. 난황의 일가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 첨가에 의하여 감소하였으며, 다가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). DDGS 첨가는 난황 지방산의 불포화도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 각 처리구별 시험 사료의 kg당 단가는 DDGS 사용량이 증가할수록 저렴하게 나왔다. 계란 1 kg의 생산 비용도 DDGS 10%, DDGS 20%, DDGS 0% 순서로 저렴하게 나타나고 있어서, DDGS가 옥수수-대두박을 대체할 수 있는 경제성이 충분하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 산란계 사료에서 DDGS를 20%까지 사용 할 경우 생산성의 큰 변화없이 경제성이 대조구보다는 우수하지만, DDGS를 10% 정도 첨가하여 사용하는 것이 더 경제적이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2009

본 실험에서는 사료 내 Ca 공급 수준의 증가 및 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 급여가 산란종계에서 후기 난각질 강화 및 종란 생산성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 60주령 Hy-Line Brown 산란종계 암탉 540수와 수탉 54수를 공시하여 사료 내 Ca을 3.3%, 3.9% 및 4.5% 로 하고, 25-$(OH)D_3$를 각각 0, 75 및 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 첨가한 총 9개 실험사료를 10주간 급여하였다. 주별로 사료섭취량을 조사하였고, 산란율과 난중은 매일 조사하였다. 종란율과 부화율 조사를 위해 생산된 종란을 주별로 처리하였다. 실험사료 급여 후 주별로 생산된 계란을 반복구별로 10개씩 수집하여 난각질 측정에 이용하였다. 실험 종료 시 반복구별로 평균체중이 비슷한 개체를 선발하여 채혈 후 희생시킨 다음 경골을 적출하였다. 채취한 경골은 화학적 조성의 분석을 위한 시료로 이용하였고, 얻어진 혈액에서도 성분 분석을 실시하였다. 산란율은 Ca 3.9% 첨가구가 Ca 3.3%와 Ca 4.5% 첨가구에 비해 유의한 증가가 나타났으며(P<0.01), 25-$(OH)D_3$의 무첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ 첨가구에 비해 유의하게(P<0.01) 높게 나타났다. 난각강도는 Ca 4.5% 첨가구가 Ca 3.9%와 Ca 3.3% 첨가구에 비해 유의하게 개선되었으며(P<0.01), 25-$(OH)D_3$ $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ $70{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구와 25-$(OH)D_3$ 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게 개선되었다(P<0.01). 수정율은 Ca 급여수준 변화 및 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 급여에 따라 처리구간에 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 입란대 부화율은 25-$(OH)D_3$ $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가구에서 25-$(OH)D_3$ 무첨가구에 비해 유의하게(P<0.05) 높게 인정되었다. 경골내 Ca 함량은 Ca 4.5% 급여구에서 Ca 3.3% 급여구 및 Ca 3.9% 급여구에 비해 유의한 차이가 나타났으나(P<0.05), 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가 효과는 인정되지 않았다. 상기의 결과로부터 산란종계의 후기 난각질 개선을 위해서는 사료 내의 Ca 수준을 비교적 높게 설정하는 것이 유리하며, 25-$(OH)D_3$의 첨가에 의해서도 난각질이 개선될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 25-$(OH)D_3$를 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 첨가에 의해 입란대 부화율이 유의하게 개선되는 결과가 시사되었다. 그러나 25-$(OH)D_3$를 $150{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 첨가했을 때 관찰된 산란율의 저하에 대해서는 그 원인을 밝히기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하겠다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2004

본 실험은 산란계의 칼슘 공급원으로서 국내산 고막조개패분(GAS)을 석회석과 대체하여 산란후기의 난각질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 부존 원료의 사료 자원화 가능성을 시험하기 위한 목적으로 수행하였다. 54주령 Hy-Line Brown Variety 산란계 암탉 200수를 공시하였고, Ca 3.6% 수준의 실험사료(Control)에 유사한 입자도의 GAS를 1％, 2% 및 3% 수준으로 석회석과 대체하여 첨가한 실험사료(GAS 1%, GAS 2% 및 GAS 3%)를 6주간 급여하였다. In vitro 용해도는 석회석에 비해 GAS에서 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다(P < 0.05). 사료섭취량 및 난 생산성에서는 처리간에 통계적인 유의성이 있는 차이는 발견되지 않았다. GAS의 대체 수준이 증가함에 따라 주별 난각 강도 및 난각 두께가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 전체 실험기간의 평균 난각 강도 및 두께의 결과에서는 처리간에 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P < 0.05). 경골 파쇄 강도에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 경골 내 회분 함량은 GAS 3% 급여구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 혈청 내 Ca 및 P의 농도는 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과로부터 산란사료내 석회석을 국내산 고막조개 패분으로 대체 급여를 통해 산란후기 난각질의 긍정적인 개선 효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 산란계 사료에서 Ca 공급원으로서 부존 자원의 효율적인 활용이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.