• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2002

비타민 C 첨가가 산란계의 생산성과 난각의 품질에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 사양실험을 실시하였다. 71주령된 산란계(ISA-Brown) 800수를 공시하여 LG 비타민 C를 각각 0, 3, 10, 50, 100 ppm, flee ascorbic acid 100 ppm, Rovimix stay C-35 100 ppm, vitamin C 50 ppm + Zn chelate (100 ppm in Zn)를 첨가한 8처리구에 5반복, 반복당 20수씩 2수용 케이지에 수용하여 난괴법으로 배치하였다. 사양실험은 5월 중순에 시작하여 4주간 실시하였으며, 이 기간 중 평균온도는 23,8$^{\circ}C$(오후 5:00 기준)이었다. 비타민 C의 첨가시 대조구에 비해 산란을, 난중 및 난각 품질의 개선효과는 없었다. 비타민 C첨가구들 중 100 ppm의 LG 비타민 C 첨가구, Rovimix stay C-35 첨가구, LG 비타민 C 50 ppm+zn chelate 첨가구의 산란율이 대조구에 비해 낮았으며, 난중은 대조구와 LG 비타민 C 100 ppm 첨가구가 가장 높았다. 50, 100 ppm LG 비타민 C 첨가와 Rovimix stay C-35첨가는 연파란율을 증가시켰다. 난각두께는 LG 비타민 C 첨가구 모두 대조구와 차이가 없었다 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 외기 온도가20-$26^{\circ}C$인 환경하에서는 산란계 사료에 3-100 ppd수준의 비타민 C첨가는 산란계의 생산성 개선에 유의한 영향을 주지 못하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2006

본 실험은 강제환우가 난질 및 계란의 저장기간에 따른 계란품질의 변화를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 실험에 공시된 계란은 환우하지 않은 60주령된 ISA Brown 노계의 계란을 대조구 (Control), 55주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구1 (T1), 70주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구2 (T2)를 각각 240수씩 총 720수를 공시하였다. 사료는 시중에서 유통되고 있는 산란사료를 사용하였다. 산란율이 50%에 도달하였을 때 정상란을 채집하여 난각 및 내 외부 난질을 저장 1일, 3일, 6일, 9일, 12, 15일에 조사하였다. 난각강도는 강제환우를 시키지 않은 60주령의 일반란과 70주령에 환우를 실시한 처리구보다 55주령에 강제환우를 실시한 처리구에서 난각강도가 유의하게 (p<0.05) 높게 나타났다. 난각두께는 각 처리구간 혹은 저장기간별로 일정한 경향이 나타나지 않았다. 난각색과 난중은 대조구인 60주령과 환우처리를 실시한 두 처리구간 및 저장 기간에 따른 일정한 경향이 이를 나타나지 않았다. 난백고는 환우를 수행하지 않은 대조구가 환우를 실시한 두 처리구보다 더 높았으며 강제환우를 실시한 두 처리구간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 또한 저장기간이 길어질수록 환우처리에 관계없이 난백고가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. Haugh unit는 강제환우 처리를 한 두 처리구가 대조구에 비해 유의하게 낮았다 (p<0.05). 또한 저장기간이 길수록 세 처리구 공히 Haugh unit가 현저하게 감소하여서, 난백고와 비슷한 경 향을 보였다. 난황색은 환우처리별, 혹은 저장기간 별로 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 산란계에 대한 강제환우는 난각강도를 개선하는 효과가 있었으나, 난백의 높이 및 Haugh unit는 오히려 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

본 시험을 수행하기 위하여 공시 품종으로 국내 산란계 품종중 우수계통으로 ISA 계통 White와 Brown P.S, Hyline 계통 White와 Brown P.S와 Lohman 계통 White와 Brown P.S 등 6개 계통을 선발하여 우량교배조합구를 구성하고 대조구로는 현재 국내에서 가장 널리 사육하는 품종 ISA Brown CC. Hyline Brown CC와 Lohman Brown CC 3계종과 우량교배 조합구 6구를 공시하여 산란성에 대한 시험을 실시한바 성적은 다음과 같다. (1) 생존율에 있어서 육성율(0~l7주) 99.95%, 성계생존율 (18~72주) 91%로 시험구와 대조구간에 차이가 없었다. (2) 시산일령은 평균 147~148일로 시험구, 대조구 간에 차이가 없었다. (3) 18~72주령 산란율에서 시험구는 83.76%, 대조구는 77.82%로 시험구 산란율이 약 6%가 높아서 통계적으로 유의하였다. (4) 산란지수에 있어서도 시험구 평균 산란지수는 18~72주시까지 292.33개이고 대조구는 271.31개로 시험구가 21개 더 생산하였으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. (5) 산란량에서도 18~72주시까지 시험구는 18.83kg, 대조구는 16.48kg으로 시험구가 2.35kg 더 많은 생산을 하였고 유의하였다. (6) 난중에 있어서도 30주령시, 72주령시 모두 시험구 난중이 대조구에 비하여 유의하게 무거웠다. 18~72주시 평균난중에 있어서 시험구는 64.32g이고 대조구는 60.73g로서 시험구가 3.59g 만큼 더 무거웠으며 통계적인 유의차가 있었다. (7) 사료요구율에 있어서 18~72주시 시험구는 2,297인데 대조구는 2,454로서 시험구가 계란 I1kg 생산에 사료 157g 만큼 절약되었으며 유의성이 있었다. (8) 난질조사에 있어서 산란말기인 72주령시 성적을 보면 시험구 H.U는 82.20이고 대조구는 77.82로서 시험구 계란이 4.38 H.U만큼 품질이 우수하였으며 난황색, 난각두께에 있어서는 시험구와 대조구 간에 차이가 없었다. (9) 난각색에 있어서는 시험구 난각색이 백색란과 갈색란의 중간에 속하는 연갈색 난각을 나타내며 소비자 기호도가 낮은 편이었다. (10) 체중에 있어서 육성기 8주령시, 12주령시, 18주령시까지 시험구와 대조구간에는 차이가 없었다. 그리고 산란기 42주령시, 72주령시 체중에 있어서도 두 처리구간에 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.975-980
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• 2004

본 연구는 사료 내 Rhodotorula glutinis(Gluti- nicus) 효모의 첨가가 계란의 생산성, 난각 및 난황 색도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 72주령의 갈색 산란계 ISA Brown 360수를 공시하여 control, $\beta$-carotene 25ppm, 0.5%, 1%, 2% 그리고 4% Glutinicus로 처리하여 시험하였다. 각각의 처리구는 3반복, 반복당 20수씩, 한 케이지당 2수씩 배치하여 6주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. Glutinicus 첨가구 중 0.5% 수준(p<0.05)에서 사료요구율(FCR)과 계란 생산성 개선이 유의하게 나타났으며 연파란 발생율은 Glutinicus 첨가량 수준이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였다. 난각 강도는 Glutinicus 4% 첨가 시에 가장 높았으며, 난황 색도는 Glutinicus가 증가함에 따라서 2% 첨가까지 점차적으로 증가하였지만 Glutinicus 4% 첨가구와 2% 첨가구와는 유의적으로 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 Glutinicus 0.5% 첨가가 계란 생산성을 증진시킬 수 있고, 난황 착색을 위해서는 Glutinicus 2% 첨가가 효과적이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.582-586
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the dietary effect of garlic powder (GP) and copper (Cu) on laying performances and the cholesterol content and quality characteristics of eggs during storage in laying hens. A total of one hundred and eighty, 50-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown layers were divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group (10 layers per replicate) and fed one of six diets containing GP 0%, GP 1%, GP 3%, GP 5%, Cu 200 ppm, or GP 3%-Cu 200 ppm for 5 wks. There were no differences in the laying performances and feed intakes bertween treatments. Eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and yolk color were also not affected by feeding of GP and Cu. With increasing dietary GP, Haugh unit was linearly increased after 2 wk of storage (p<0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol in hens fed diets containing GP or Cu were lower than that of the control (p<0.05), but high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not influenced by dietary GP or Cu. The content of egg yolk cholesterol from hens fed diets containing GP or Cu was significantly decreased from that of the control, except for the GP 1% group. Based on the results of this experiment, the decrease of Haugh unit during storage was alleviated by feeding of GP. The feeding of GP or Cu alone and in combination altered the cholesterol fractions in serum and reduced the content of egg yolk cholesterol in laying hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2000

The effects of microbial phutase on laying performance and phosphorus utilization were examined at different levels of dietary nonphosphorus(NPP) in 320 23-week-old Hy-line brown hens for 12weeks. Diets were formulated 0.275%(T1), 0.220%(T2), 0.165%(T3) of NPP levels, and supplemental microbial phytase was 300DPU/kg diet constantly. Conventional diet(C) was formulated 0.275% NPP level without microbial phytase. Egg production and egg mass were higher in T2 than the others (p<0.05), and average egg weight was higher in T1 than the other (p<0.05). Egg productivity was tended to increase with supplemental phytase compared to conventional diet. Daily feed intake a hen also increased in T2 (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio was improved slightly without significant difference. Eggshell breaking strength and thickness were not different significantly among the treatments. Haugh unit and yolk color were also not different. Calcium and phosphorus retention in body increased in T2 (p<0.05), but dry matter and nitrogen retention were not different significantly. Differences in nitrogen and calcium excretions were not found among the treatments. But phosphorus excretion decreased in order of dietary phosphorus levels with supplement phytase compared to C (p<0.05). Tibial ash, calcium and phosphorus were similar among the treatments. In conclusion, supplemental microbial phytase in laying diet may help to utilize phytase phosphorus, and could decrease NPP intake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1749-1754
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• 2014

The current experiment was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding the multi-enzyme mixture (Natuzyme) into layers' diets with different levels of energy and available phosphorus in relation to laying performance, egg qualities, blood cholesterol level, microflora and intestinal viscosity. Two hundred and fifty 43-wk-old Hy-Line commercial layers were divided into five groups with five replicates per group (10 birds per replicate) and fed one of five experimental diets. A corn and soybean meal-based control diet was formulated and used as a control diet. Two experimental control diets were formulated to reduce energy and crude protein contents (rE) or energy, crude protein and phosphorus contents (rEP). In addition, Natuzyme was added into either rE (rE-Natu500) or rEP (rEP-Natu500) diet to reach a concentration of 500 mg per kg of diet. The experiment lasted 8 weeks. There were no significant differences in feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg qualities such as eggshell color or Haugh unit, total cholesterol, relative organ weights and cecal microflora profiles between any dietary treatments. Natu500 supplementation into the rE diet, but not rEP diet significantly increased egg mass and eggshell qualities such as strength and thickness, but it decreased cecal ammonia concentration and intestinal viscosity in laying hens. In conclusion, the present study shows that adding multiple enzyme preparation could improve performance of laying hens fed energy and protein restricted diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.840-846
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary corticosterone on egg quality. For 2 weeks hens received either control or experimental diet containing corticosterone at 30 mg/kg diet. Feed intake and egg production were monitored daily, and body weight measured weekly. Egg weights and egg quality were measured daily. Corticosterone treatment resulted in a remarkable increase in feed intake and sharp decrease in egg production compared with control (p<0.05) whereas body weight remained unchanged. Decreased albumen height, but no changes in egg weight, led to decreased Haugh unit (p<0.05). Corticosterone caused elevated eggshell thickness (p<0.05) without altering weight and strength, suggesting possible changes in shell structure. Yolk color and redness were increased by corticosterone (p<0.05) but lightness and yellowness were either not changed or inconsistent over the time period of measurements. Increased concentrations in plasma were also found for corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, total protein, and amylase (p<0.05), suggesting that corticosterone increased protein breakdown, renal dysfunctions and pancreatitis. Together, the current results imply that dietary corticosterone affects egg quality such as yolk colors and shell thickness, in addition to its effects on feed intake and egg production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the serum components, laying hen productivity, lipid composition of egg yolk, egg flavor and egg quality. Methods: Healthy 28-week-old Hy-Line white laying hens (n = 480) were divided randomly into 4 groups, 6 replicates/group, 20 birds/replicate. The 30-day experimental diets included 0% (control), 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA. Some serum indices of the birds, and egg production, quality, fatty acid composition, egg quality were measured. Results: The dietary supplementation with 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA did not significantly affect the laying rate and feed intake, as well as calcium ion and phosphorus ion concentration in serum (p>0.05). However, the CLA had significantly increased the strength of eggshell, decreased the odor, flavor, and taste of egg yolk, deepened the color of egg yolk, increased saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and reduced the monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05). On the other hand, the dietary supplementation with 1.6% CLA had significant effects on feed/gain, and improved serum hormones. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% CLA can significantly enhance the activity of alkaline phosphates. Conclusion: CLA has no effect on production performance, but does enhance the lipid content of the egg yolk and the strength of the eggshell.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2016

This study aimed of effects of replacing maize with rice or brown rice on laying performance, egg quality, and apparent fecal digestibility of nutrient in Hy-Line Brown laying hens. A total of 200, 25-week old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to one of 5 treatments, each of which was replicated 4 times. Four experimental diets that were formulated two different grains (brown rice or rice) with two inclusion levels of (15 and 30%) as a replacement of maize. The experimental period was 8 weeks. During the experiment, hens were provided with feed and water ad libitum and were exposed to a 16:8=L:D lighting schedule. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and egg mass during the 8 weeks of the feeding trial among groups. However, hen-day egg production was greater (P<0.05) for Brown rice treatment groups than that for basal and rice treatment groups. In addition, the supplementation of brown rice or rice did not have an effect on eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, and HU during of the feeding trial (Table 4). However, egg yolk color was less (P<0.05) for basal treatment groups than that for among treatment group. ATTD of dry matter (DM) and crude fat were greater (P<0.05) for brown rice 15 treatment than for rice 30 treatment. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P<0.05) for brown rice 15 treatment than for basal treatment. In conclusion, brown rice or rice grains is a good alternative energy feedstuff and can be used in laying hens, totally replacing maize, without any negative effect on the laying performance, egg quality, and nutrient digestibility.