• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.321-327
• /
• 1996

Production of resting egg from the Korean rotifer, Brachiunus plicatilis (L and S-type) was investigated at different temperatures (L-type : 20, 24, $28^{\circ}C$, S-type : 28 32, $36^{\circ}C$) and salinities (10, 20,30 ppt). The rotifer was cultured in 25 ml test tube and fed on Nannochloris oculata. With regard to mixis rate, L-type rotifer showed higher rate at lower temperature, and the highest rate was observed at 20 ppt of salinity at each temperature of the experiment. However, for S-type rotifer, the optimum temperature and salinity were $28\~32^{\circ}C$ and 20 ppt, respectively. The highest number of resting egg was 173 eggs/ml in 16 days at $24^{\circ}C$, 10 ppt for L-type rotifer and 410 eggs/ml in 14 days at $28^{\circ}C$, 10 ppt for S-type rotifer. The maximum number of resting egg produced per 10,000 rotifers was 8,122 eggs at $20^{\circ}C$, 20 ppt for L-type rotifer and 8,700 eggs at $28^{\circ}C$, 20 ppt for S-type rotifer. The maximum number of resting egg produced $10^8$ cells of N. oculata was 50.7 eggs for L-type rotifer ($24^{\circ}C$, 20 ppt) and 79.6 eggs for S-type rotifer ($32^{\circ}C$, 10 ppt). The number of resting egg produced per day was $1\~11$ eggs/ml for L-type rotifers and $21\~35$ eggs/ml for S-type rotifer in 9 combination experiments. In this study, S-type rotifer is better than L-type rotifer in resting egg production, and the optimum temperature and salinity for resting egg production were $20^{\circ}C$, 20 ppt for L-type rotifer and $28^{\circ}C$, 20 ppt for S-type rotifer. This result shows the difference of Korean rotifer in the optimum condition for resting egg production from other rotifers reported earlier.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.229-233
• /
• 2016

본 실험은 국내 외에서 시판 중인 계란검사장비 3종인 레이저형, 탕침형 그리고 초음파형의 성능을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 실험에 사용한 신선란은 단일 계군에서 산란한 특란을 선발하여 사용하였다. 실험 1에서는 동일한 계란을 순차적으로 3종의 장비를 이용하여 분석하였다. 실험 2에서는 동일한 계란을 순차적으로 2종의 장비를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 실험 3에서는 동일한 계군에서 산란한 계란 200씩을 각각의 할란검사장비를 이용하여 난질을 분석하였다. 분석항목으로는 난중, 농후난백높이, 호우유닛 그리고 난황색을 측정하였다. 실험 1과 2에서는 장비에 따른 난중의 차이는 발견되지 않았지만, 농후난백 높이와 호우유닛의 수치가 초음파형에서 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 탕침형, 레이저형순으로 조사되었다. 동일한 계군에서 산란한 계란을 각각 할란검사장비를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 난중에서는 차이가 없었지만, 초음파형에서 가장 높은 난백고와 호우유닛을 나타내었다. 하지만 난황색은 레이저형에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 신선란을 대상으로 조사한 할란검사장비의 난질평가 결과는 장비에 따른 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 비록 장비간의 상관계수는 높게 계산되었지만, 동일 계란에 따른 호우유닛 결과는 장비에 따른 편의(bias)와 넓은 신뢰한계를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 호우유닛이 높은 신선란을 대상으로 품질을 평가한다면 어떤 장비를 사용하더라도 계란의 품질 등급에는 차이가 없겠지만, 일정기간 저장되어 호우유닛이 떨어진 계란을 대상으로 품질을 평가한다면 장비에 따라서 계란 등급에 차이가 날 수 있는 것을 의미한다. 하지만 본 연구에서는 동일한 계란을 할란 후 순차적으로 측정하여, 난황과 난백 시료 이동에 따른 기계적인 오차를 고려할 수 없기 때문에 향후 이러한 방법을 보완하여 할란검사장비의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 기법의 개발이 필요하겠다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.396-405
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This prospective study examined gender-specific associations between egg intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes using data from a large-scale cohort study. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 7,002 Korean adults (40-69 years) without type 2 diabetes at baseline were analyzed. Dietary intake was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline (2001-2002) and the second follow-up examination (2005-2006). Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed as a fasting glucose concentration ${\geq}126mg/dL$ or current use of glucose-lowering medications or insulin injection. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident type 2 diabetes according to egg consumption or cholesterol intake. RESULTS: During a 14-year follow up period, 857 subjects developed type 2 diabetes. In men, frequent egg intake (2- < 4 servings/week) was associated with a 40% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than infrequent egg intake (0- < 1 serving/week) (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37-0.97), whereas no association between egg intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes was observed in women (HR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.27-1.37). There was no association between cholesterol intake and risk of incident type 2 diabetes in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS: Egg consumption was inversely related to the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in men, but not in women, suggesting gender differences in the relationship between diet and disease risk.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 1996

한국산 B. plicatilis, L-type rotifer와 S-type rotifer의 내구란 대량생산은 L-type rotifer의 경우 15일 동안 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모 혼합구와 빵효모 단독구로 하였고 S-type rotifer는 7일동안 1 $m^3$ 수조에서 농축 Chlorella로, $6{\~}8$일 동안 4 $m^3$ 수조에서 냉동 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모로 대량생산하였다. L-type rotifer 내구란 대량생산 실험에서 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모 혼합구가 총 내구란 생산 $54.5{\times}10^6$개, $10^{8}$ rotifers 당 내구란 생산 $30.5{\times}10^6$개, 먹이 건조 중량 1g 당 내구란 생산 $100{\times}10^3$개로 빵효모 단독구 보다 높게 나타났다. S-type rotifer의 내구란 대량생산은 4 $m^3$ 수조에서 냉동 농축 Chlorella + 빵효모를 먹이로 총 내구란 생산 $149{\~}567{\times}10^6$개, $10^{8}$ rotifers당 내구란 생산 $36{\~}123{\times}10^6$개, 먹이 건조 중량 1 g당 내구란 생산 $131{\~}338{\times}10^3$개를 생산하여 1 $m^3$ 수조에서 농축 Chlorella를 단독 먹이로 생산한 경우 보다 높았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2002

Eggs obtained from 46 and 42 weeks old meat (Hybro) and layer (Leghorn) breeders flocks, respectively were used to examine the effects of genetic type of birds and egg size (small, medium and large) on variables of eggshell characteristics and hatchability traits. The variables measured were egg weight (EW), egg surface area (ESA) and eggshell characteristics (shell conductance (EC), per cent shell (PS), shell thickness (ST), shell volume (SV), shell density (SD) and hatchability traits (per cent hatchability (HP), early dead embryos (ED), late dead embryos (LD), pips with live embryos (PL) and pips with dead embryos (PD)). Genetic type of bird influenced all egg characteristics and HP of eggs. Eggs produced by the small Leghorn bird had lower EW, ESA, EC, ST, SV and HP than those produced by the heavy Hybro bird. The reduction of HP was associated with an increase in the percentage of ED and PL. Egg size influenced all variables measured except ST. Small size eggs had lower EW, ESA and EC and higher PS and SD than those of large eggs. Medium size eggs produced a higher HP when compared with that of large size eggs. The reduction of HP in large eggs was associated with higher percentage of ED, LD and PL. There were significant interactions between the genetic group of birds and egg size on LD and HP. Large egg size of Hybro birds had higher LD and lower HP than those of small size eggs produced by the same flock. However, There was no difference in HP and LD among the different egg sizes produced by Leghorn birds. It was concluded that genetic make up of birds and egg size influence eggshell characteristics and HP. The type of bird (heavy or small) influences the optimum egg size for successful hatching. Attention should be given to the size and eggshell characteristics of eggs of breeders' flocks for achieving maximum HP.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.187-194
• /
• 1996

어류 종묘생산시 중요한 먹이생물로 사용되는 한국산 rotifer를 순수 분리하기 위하여 염전, 기수호, 하구 및 어류 양식장을 중심으로 채집하였다. 해수산 rotifer, B. plicatilis는 13 지역에서 L-type rotifer 2 strains과 S-type rotifer 14 strains을 순수 분리하였다. 담수산 rotifer, B. calyciflorus는 4곳의 양식장에서 4 strains을 순수 분리하였다. 순수 분리된 해수산 rotifer, B. plicatilis. L-type과 S-type rotifer strain의 피갑장과 내구란 장경의 분포는 각각 $244.3\~255.3\;{\mu}m,\;142.4\~145.5\;{\mu}m$와 $131.0\~165.8\;{\mu}m,\;93.7\~116.4\;{\mu}m$로 나타났다. 또 담수산 rotifer, B. calyciflorus strains의 피갑장과 내구란 장경의 분포는 각각 $211.8\~229.9\;{mu}m$와 $126.8\~140.2\;{\mu}m$로 나타났다. B. plicatilis는 성장과 내구란 생산이 매우 다양하게 나타났다. L-type과 S-type의 rotifer의 최고 밀도는 각각 O-L이 200개체/ml였고, H-S가 753.3개체/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다. 생산된 내구란은 S-type에서는 YY-S가 86.7개/ml로 가장 높았고, L-type에서는 O-L이 45.8개/ml로 높았다.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.267-275
• /
• 1994

Three dietary ME levels of 3,200, 2,900 and 2,600 kcal /kg in the same 13% single-stage low protein diet were compared to evaluate the effect of ME levels of grower diets on egg-type pullet growth and subsequent laying performance. As the ME levels of grower diets decreased, cumulative feed and protein consumptions increased(P<0.05), however, the ME intake and body weight at 18 wk of age decreased(P<0.05). Grower feed cost decreased as the dietary ME level was decreased, but no significant difference was found among dietary ME levels of grower diets. During the laying period, sexual maturity, hen-day egg production and average egg weight were not significantly affected by the ME levels of grower diet, however, daily feed intake and feed required per egg decreased as the dietary ME level of grower diet was reduced(P<0.05). Results of this study indicate that pullets can be reared on the low ME diet of 2,600 kcal /kg and it would he economical to utilize the low energy diet during the growing period when they are reared on a 13% single-stage low protein diet.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국가금학회 2004년도 제21차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 2004

Eggshell quality is one of the most important factors that influence hatchability. The porosity and overall quality of eggshell have a very significant effect on exchange of vital gas (carbon dioxide and oxygen) between the developing embryo and the air during incubation. Thin-shelled eggs showed the greater weight loss than do thick-shelled eggs. causing the chick to have difficulty in hatching. Thin-shelled eggs also have a much greater chance of being cracked during handling. On the other hand. thick-shelled eggs showed the higher hatchability as a result of greater fertility and lower intermediate and late embryonic mortalities. Even a small percentage improvement in the eggshell quality could result in significant saving to the breeder industry in an increasingly competitive environment. Many factors including nutrition. management practices, environmental conditions and breeding are known to be related to eggshell quality. In this review brief accounts of each factor associated with eggshell quality and hatchability were provided. We conducted three experiments to investigate the effects of dietary Ca. vitamin D3 metabolite and some bioactive materials on eggshell quality and hatching egg production. The results of our studies showed that relatively high levels of dietary Ca in combination with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol had beneficial effects on improving eggshell quality and reproductive performances in aged egg-type breeder hens. It was also suggested that the proper use of some feed additives such as isoflavon and chitosan might provide means of improving eggshell quality and reproductive performances in aged egg-type breeder hens.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2001

가금티푸스에 저항성을 가진 합성종을 생산하기 위하여 갈색계통인 이사(ISA), 하이라인(Hyline), 로만(Lohman) 3 계통과, 백색계통인 이사(ISA) 및 로만(Lohman) 2 계통의 종계(PS)에 대한 생존율, 사료섭취량, 체중, 성성숙일령, 시산 난중, 및 난질을 조사하였다. 성계 암컷 생존율(34주~66주)은 갈색계통과 백색계통에서 각각 93.3%, 93.5%로 차이가 없었고, 수컷 생존율에도 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 수당사료 섭취량(21~66주)은 암컷에서 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 113.9g과 114.3g으로 비슷한 수준이었으며, 수컷에서도 차이가 없었다. 성계 체중은 암 수 공히 갈색 산란종계 3계통 및 백색 산란종계 2계통간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 갈색과 백색 산란종계의 체중을 비교해 보면, 갈색 산란종계가 암컷과 수컷 모두 백색 산란종계 에 비하여 무거웠으나, 반복간에 변이가 워낙 커서 유의성은 검출되지 않았다. 성성숙일령은 갈색계통과 백색계통이 각각 147.8일과 140.5일로 갈색계통이 7일정도 늦었다(P<0.05). 산란율은 23-66주에서 갈색과 백색계통이 각각 75.0% 및 81.4%로 백색계통이 약 6% 높았다(P<0.05). 39주령에 갈색란과 백색란의 난질 성적을 비교해보면 Haugh Unit, 난형계수, 난황색, 난중에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 검출되지 않았다. 그러나 난각두께는 갈색 산란계통의 계란이 더 두꺼웠고, 난각강도도 유의하게 강한 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2016

One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.