• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

Baculum elongatum has several peculiarities such as parthenogenesis, unique external features, changing body color, and dropping oviposition, which makes it a potential economically useful insect. Oviposition was performed by females without fertilization by the sperm of males. The oviposition period was $42.2{\pm}22.7$ days and the number of eggs per female was $109.5{\pm}70.5$ eggs. The hatch rate was 73.3% at $25^{\circ}C$ and 66.7% after low temperature treatment ($8^{\circ}C$ for 60 days). In nature, B. elongatum overwinters as an egg, but it can be assumed from the results that cold temperatures were not required for hatching. The hatch rate was 98.2% in the treatment using floral foam, fermented sawdust, and leaves. The developmental period was $100.9{\pm}4.2$ days for eggs, $55.3{\pm}4.6$ days for nymphs, and $49.7{\pm}16.0$ days for adults. The length of the eggs was $0.33{\pm}0.0$ cm and the lengths of the nymphs were clearly distinguishable according to the instar stage. Clover(Trifolium repens) was an excellent diet as it was similar to the host plant and could be used as an alternative diet. The rate of reaching adulthood for the insects was 66.7% on an artificial diet containing 25% acacia leaves. For sustainable mass rearing of nymphs or adults of B. elongatum, a natural diet could be used such as acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), white oak (Quercus aliena), chestnut (Castanea crenata var. dulcis), and bush clover (Lespedeza bicolor), or an alternative diet such as clover or artificial diet.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2020

Eggs are likely to be used in agriculture because they can provide enough nutrients for crop growth. Statistics show that a large number of eggs are lost due to breakage before reaching the final consumer. The purpose of this study was to make a natural liquid fertilizer as a substitute for chemical fertilizers using broken eggs as a resource and to evaluate the efficiency of the formulated fertilizer. To make the liquid fertilizer, the broken eggs and distilled water were mixed at ratios of 6 : 4 and 4 : 6. Then, effective micro-organisms (EM) and sugar were added, and the mixture was fermented. The temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) increased gradually with the fermentation while the pH decreased. When evaluated following the seed germination index method of the compost, it was found that the fertilizer matured 10 days after the beginning of the experiment. The growth experiment was conducted with lettuce in which the fermented liquid fertilizer was compared with a commercial liquid fertilizer. The 6 : 4 treatment produced plants with the densest fresh shoot and roots weighing 41.6 and 4.6 g, respectively. The number of leaves (12.3 per plant) was also the highest for the 6 : 4 treatment. Soil analysis showed that the soil pH was improved, and the soil organic matter was increased in the fermented liquid fertilizer treatment.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2002

The protection of silkworm and its host plants from various kinds of pests parasite and predator is a chronic problem in sericulture. Silkworms and its primary food plants are heavily damaged by large number of pest. The major pests of primary tasar food plants (Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia tomentosa) are the gall insect (Trioza fletcheri minor). Various species of aphids (Eutrichosiphum sp.) have been recorded to damage oak tasar food plants whereas muga silkworm host plants (Machilus bombycina and Litsaea polyantha) are generally attacked by stem bores (Zeuzera multistrigata). Castor (Ricinus communis) is one of the primary host plant of eri silkworm and extensive damage is caused by the castor white fly (Trialeurodes ricini). Insects pests are major enemies of silkworms. Parasites (Blepharipa zebina, Exorista bombycis, Apateles glomeratus), predators (Canthecona furcellata, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla), wasps (Vespa orientalix) and ants (Oecophylla smargdina) continues to cause damage to silk industry. It is estimated that the losses due to parasites and predators are to an extent of 15-20 percent and varies from crop to crop. The complexities in the behaviour and life cycle of pest population existing in semi ecosystem warrant a special attention for their effective management specially in changing scenario for our modern sericulture. Though use of synthetic insecticides has provided us with effective control of almost all major pests and predators, yet their undesirable side effects limit their continued use. Biological control is one of the most important method which can be used to control the pests, parasites and predators population in sericulture. Various potential parasitoids, which can be utilized as an agent of biological control in sericulture have been screened. The natural enemies of the uzi fly (E. bombycis and B. zebina ) are already present in the nature. Nesolynx thymus, Trichria sp., Splangia endius, Dirhinus sp., Trichopria sp., Trichomalopsis apanteloctena and Pediobius sp. are the major parasitoids effective against uzi fly pupa. The scelionid Psix striaticeps and Trissolcus sp. are the Potential egg Parasitoids against stink bug (Canthecona furcellata). Various other native natural potential parasitoids have been screened and suitable strategies have been developed to check the population of pest insect in sericulture.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

Sargassum macrocarpum is a rich source of anti-inflammatory compounds. Recently, one of the compounds, tuberatolide B, has been reported as a functional anti-inflammatory additive for foods and nutraceuticals. The artificial seeding, growth and maturation of S. macrocarpum were investigated from May 2018 to September 2019. Indoor culture experiments for induction of egg release were conducted at temperatures of 17, 20, 23, and 26℃ and irradiances of 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1 under 14 : 10 h (L : D) photoperiod. Within a given treatment combination, higher temperatures and irradiance levels favoured the maturation of receptacles in S. macrocarpum. Using artificial temperature and irradiance control, thalli matured one month earlier than thalli in nature. Under natural condition, receptacle formation began in April, and the eggs were released in June and July. The release of eggs from the receptacles was promoted at 17-20℃ and 40-80 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1, and the fastest growth of germlings occuring at 15-17℃ and 40 μmol photons m^-2 s^-1. For mature thalli, 300 g wet-weight was sufficient to seed 100 m of seed string. Thalli grew to 10.5 ± 2.6 cm in length at a density of 6.7 ± 3.3 individuals m^-1 after 1 year of cultivation, from germination. This study demonstrates that it is possible to cultivate S. macrocarpum for the production of anti-inflammatory products.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2013

가지 담배가루이 친환경 방제기술을 개발하고자, 난황유 등 8종의 천연물질을 가지 정식 후 7일 간격으로 살포하면서 생육을 조사한 결과 님제처리에서 가장 양호한 경향이었다. 담배가루이 성충과 약충의 발생은 디노테퓨란약제처리에서 가장 적었고, 친환경자재 중에서는 님제 처리에서 가장 적었다. 수량은 디노테퓨란 약제처리에서 가장 많았고, 친환경 자재에서는 님제, 고추씨유 등이 많았으며, 고삼제 은행과육 등에서 적었다. 님제 처리의 경우 무처리에 비하여 69% 많았고, 디노테퓨란약제에 비해 52% 낮은 수량을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2000

Anthocyanin 색소원(자색고구마, 꽃양배추, 적양배추, 포도, 흑미, 가지, 무화과)의 색가를 조사하고 이들 중 색가가 높은 자색고구마, 꽃양배추, 적양배추 및 포도과피를 선정하여 이들 색소의 안정성에 미치는 금속이온, ascorbic acid, 자외선 및 가열의 영향을 조사하였다. 자색고구마와 포도과피의 색소는 $Mn^{2+}$에 의해 색소의 안정성이 가장 크게 저하되었으며, 적양배추와 꽃양배추 색소는 모두 $Cu^{2+}$이온에 의해 안정성이 가장 크게 저하되었다. Ascorbic acid와 자외선 및 가열은 anthocyanin 색소의 안정성을 저하시켰는데, 그 정도는 색소원에 따라 달랐다. 이들 요인들에 대한 안정성은 자색고구마 색소가 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 꽃양배추, 적양배추 및 포도과피의 색소 순이었다. 색소원에 따라 색소의 안정성이 달라지는 것은 이들 anthocyanin색소를 구성하는 색소성분의 차이에 기인한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-211
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• 2008

Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with different degrees of hydrolysis by treatment with alcalase, pronase, flavourzyme and trypsin and isolated peptide were prepared from Hwangtae (yellow dried pollack, Theragra chalcogramma). Hwangtae protein hydrolysate was fractionated according to the molecular weight into six major types of APO1 (1.3 kDa), APO2 (1 kDa), APO3 (<1 kDa), APACE (<1 kDa), APG1 (70 kDa) and APG2 (70 kDa) isolated from the hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods. Soluble peptide were produced from Hwangtae and evaluated for their nutritional and functional properties. Some functional properties of FPHs were assessed and compared with those of egg albumin or the soybean protein. APO2 had the highest nitrogen solubility value (94.2%), emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of the Alaska Pollack peptide ranged from 12.4 to 39.5 (mL of oil per 200 mg of protein) and 44.0% to 77.5%, respectively. Highest and lowest fat adsorption values were observed for APG1 (9.9 mL of oil per gram of protein) and APO3 (3.8 mL of oil per gram of protein), respectively.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.262-270
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• 1983

온${\cdot}$습도가 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens stal)의 생육에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 30, 25, $20^{\circ}C$의 세 수준의 온도구 내에 습도를 95, 75, 65, $35\%$의 네 수준으로 하여 2세대까지 개체사육한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. $25^{\circ}C$에서 벼멸구의 발육과 비교해 볼 때 $30^{\circ}C$에서는 난기간, 약충기간, 성충수명이 단축되었고 약충의 사망률은 증가하였으며 산란수는 크게 감소하였다. 또한 산란된 난은 수정이 되지 않았거나 배자발육도중 죽음으로서 부화가 전혀 이루어지지 않았다. 2. $25^{\circ}C$와 비교하여 $20^{\circ}C$의 저온에서는 난과 약충 발육기간이 상당히 지연되었고 성충수명이 짧아졌으며 산란수가 크게 감소하였을 뿐 아니라 부화율도 감소하였다. 3. 약충의 치사율은 RH $75\%$ 이상의 비교적 높은 습도조건에서 높았으며 또한 다습조건에서는 성충의 수명이 단축된 결과 산란수가 크게 감소하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

The perilla leaf pyralid moth, Pyrausta panopealis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest damaging to leaf perilla. In order to establish the life parameters of P. panopealis for eventual purpose of control, the developmental span of each stage was investigated under five temperature regimes ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$). The larval period of P. panopealis was longest as 26.8 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and shortened as temperature goes up to $30^{\circ}C$ as 11.3 days. Survivorship of the larval P. panopealis was the highest at $27.5^{\circ}C$ as 82.5%, whereas that of other temperatures ranged from 40% ($20^{\circ}C$) to 60.0% ($30^{\circ}C$), indicating that the P. panopealis appears to favor somewhat higher temperature. In addition to larval period, the duration of egg, prepupal, and pupal period also were shortened sharply as temperature goes up, whereas the duration of adult stage shortened a maximum of only two days as temperature goes up. After the perilla leaf pyralid moths were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal efficacy of ten on-the-market environmentfriendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that were previously selected from the result of other moth species was tested. Seven of the ten tested showed more than 90% of mortality within 12 hrs and reached nearly up to 100% within 24 hrs, but the remaining three showed less than ~70%.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 1990

A series of experiments were carried out for two successive years to investigate the productivity of forage turnip in mid-northern area of Korea. Fresh matter and dry matter yields of 6 foreign cultivars (Purple Top Strap Leaved, Purple Top White Globed, Seven Top, Shogoin, White Egg and Amber Globe) seeded either in early spring or in autumn after harvesting forage corn were evaluated with different seeding date and harvesting date as well as with different level of fertilization. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The earlier the seeding date in spring (Mar. 29, Apr. 12, Apr. 16) was, the higher was the yield of fresh matter and dry matter as the plant growth ceased after mid June, when the temperature began to rise. 2. In spite of its high DM yield, the Japanese cultivar, Shogoin, showed poor forage quality for summer feeding due to its earlier bolting in harvesting season. 3. Of the 6 cultivars Purple Top White Globed showed highest DM yield (800 kg/ 10a) in mid area including SEOUL irrespective of planting season. 4. Although the turnips showed mostly positive yield responses to fertization, the differences were not great especially above the level of$N-P_2O_5-K_2O$: 5-3-4 kg/lOa. 5. IN TAEGWALLYONG, a northern area of Korea, the average fresh matter yield of the six cultivars tested amounted to 3,500 kg/lOa when drilled on June 30 and harvested on Aug. 30, although bulb formation during the summer was relatively poor. 6. Concluded, forage turnip is regarded to be a suitable catch-crop which has the potential to maintain and increase the total forage production in mid-northern area of Korea. The intercropping is recommendable especially for autumn planting well past the time forage corn has been harvested.