• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.417-423
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the serum components, laying hen productivity, lipid composition of egg yolk, egg flavor and egg quality. Methods: Healthy 28-week-old Hy-Line white laying hens (n = 480) were divided randomly into 4 groups, 6 replicates/group, 20 birds/replicate. The 30-day experimental diets included 0% (control), 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA. Some serum indices of the birds, and egg production, quality, fatty acid composition, egg quality were measured. Results: The dietary supplementation with 0.4%, 0.8%, and 1.6% CLA did not significantly affect the laying rate and feed intake, as well as calcium ion and phosphorus ion concentration in serum (p>0.05). However, the CLA had significantly increased the strength of eggshell, decreased the odor, flavor, and taste of egg yolk, deepened the color of egg yolk, increased saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and reduced the monounsaturated fatty acids (p<0.05). On the other hand, the dietary supplementation with 1.6% CLA had significant effects on feed/gain, and improved serum hormones. Dietary supplementation with 0.4% and 0.8% CLA can significantly enhance the activity of alkaline phosphates. Conclusion: CLA has no effect on production performance, but does enhance the lipid content of the egg yolk and the strength of the eggshell.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2008

63주령 ISA Brown 산란계 총 96수를 사용하여, 12일 동안 난황에서의 biological astaxanthin과 chemical astaxanthin 및 capxanthin의 축적을 통한 착색 효과를 비교하였다. 대조구 사료에는 착색제를 첨가하지 않았고, 효모 Phaffia rhodozyma 3%를 대조구 사료에 첨가하여 astaxanthin 함량이 22.5 mg/kg 되게 한 후, 화학적으로 합성한 astaxanthin을 대조구 사료에 45 mg/kg 첨가한 후 및 paprika로부터 추출한 capxanthin을 대조구 사료에 45 mg/kg 첨가구 모두 4개의 처리구들을 두었다. 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4수씩을 임의로 배치하였다. Astaxanthin은 생물학적 및 화학적 급원 모두 급여 9일째까지 축적이 이루어졌다. Capxanthin의 경우, 난황에서 축적되지는 않았고 이로부터 파생되어진 물질들이 급여 $6{\sim}9$일 후에 미미하게 검출되었다. 난황에서의 astaxanthin 축적 정도는 급여한 농도에 비례하였다. 난황의 색깔을 제외하면, 달걀의 다른 품질 요인들은 처리구들 간의 차이가 거의 없었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.433-440
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• 1993

Means and standard errors of 285 Taiwan's local chicken and 429 Single Comb White Leghorn pullets at 35 wk of age were: egg weight (g) $48.3{\pm}0.3$, $54.6{\pm}0.3$, shell index $73.39{\pm}0.26$, $73.20{\pm}0.18$, shell color $15.23{\pm}0.40$, $0.88{\pm}0.27$, shell whiteness $72.61{\pm}0.57$, $90.00{\pm}0.35$, shell strength ($kg/cm^2$) $3.77{\pm}0.07$, $3.35{\pm}0.05$, shell thickness (mm) $0.38{\pm}0.003$, $0.38{\pm}0.002$, Haugh units $85.26{\pm}0.50$, $91.81{\pm}0.38$ and yolk percent (%) $30.17{\pm}0.18$, $27.32{\pm}0.16$ respectively. Theestimated heritabiliities of Taiwan's local chicken based on sire and dam components of variance were as follows: egg weight 0.20, shell index 0.1, shell color 0.87, shell whiteness 0.79, shell strength 0.37, shell thickness 0.14, Haugh units 0.24 and yolk percent 0.16. Genetic correlations based on sire and dam components of variance and covariance were also estimated. Generically, the shell index was positively correlated with egg weight, shell strength and yolk percent, and egg weight was negatively correlated with shell thickness, Haugh unit and yolk percent.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 산란계 사료내 복합효소제의 첨가가 난각특성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 사양시험은 47주령 ISA Brown산란계 144수를 공시하였으며, 처리구로는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료(CON; 기초사료), 기초사료에 복합효소제를 0.7% 첨가한 구(ME0.1; 기초사료 + 0.1%복합효소제), 기초사료에 복합효소제를 0.2% 첨가한 구(ME0.2; 기초사료 + 0.2% 복합효소제)로 3개 처리로 구성되었다. 총 28일간의 사양시험 기간 동안, 산란을, 난중, 난각강도 그리고 난각두께에 있어서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 난황색에 있어서는 복합효소제를 첨가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 난황계수에 있어서도 복합효소제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 높아졌다. 건물 소화율에서 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 질소 소화율에 있어서는 복합효소제의 첨가수준이 증가함에 따라 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로 높았다. 결론적으로, 산란계 사료내 복합효소제의 첨가가 난황색, 난황계수 그리고 질소 소화율을 향상시키는 것으로 사료된다

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of cheese byproduct on performance, egg quality and fatty acid profile of egg yolk lipids from laying hens. One hundred five 30-wk-old White leghorn laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of twenty one hens each and maintained in individual laying cages for 4 weeks. The hens were assigned to five treatments that consisted of corn-soybean meal based diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 10% of cheese byproduct. Feed intake and rate of egg production of hens were not significantly different across the treatments during the whole experiment (p>0.05). Similarly, egg yolk cholesterol level, egg weight, Haugh's unit, eggshell thickness, color, and strength were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). The amount of C16:0 in egg yolk was not significantly different across the treatments, but that of C18:0 decreased with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.01). Monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1 and C18:1) content in egg yolk was similar across the treatments. Total CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content increased linearly with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.001), while trans-10, cis-12 CLA amount was not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the egg yolk was decreased as the level of cheese byproduct including CLA increased (p<0.01). However, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and total PUFAs in the egg yolk were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that cheese byproduct beneficially improved the fatty acid composition of concern to human health in the egg yolk without adverse effects on egg quality.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.261-267
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• 2012

Different housing systems have considerable influence on performance in poultry production. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of different housing systems on the performance, bone mineral density and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hen. Hy-line brown pullets (n=450) of 12 weeks age were randomly divided into 3 housing systems with 6 replicates of 25 birds in each room. A diet with 2,750 kcal/kg ME and 16.5% CP was assigned to all birds. The pullets provided free access to feed and water. Significantly (P<0.05) higher values for egg production, egg mass and feed conversion efficiency were found in battery cages, however egg weight, egg shell color and breaking strength was remarkably (P<0.05) higher in floor system. The albumin height and Haugh unit were significantly higher (P<0.05) in battery cages which was statistically similar to aviary housing system. The egg yolk fatty acids concentration of linoleic acid and linolenic acids were significantly higher in aviary and in floor system, respectively, however both values were lower in battery cages. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid content (%) in egg yolk did not influence by any housing systems. Bone mineral density was significantly higher (P<0.05) in floor and aviary housing system than that of battery cage system. It was concluded that in battery cages the egg production and composition maximized, however higher bone mineral density and yolk fatty acids content can be improved in the laying hen reared on floor and aviary housing systems.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표논문집
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• pp.113-115
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• 2002

본 시험은 시판 착색제의 형태 및 혼합 수준에 따른 산란성적, 난황 착색도 및 난황 지방산 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 실험 1과 2로 나누어 실시하였다. 실험1과 실험2에서 사료섭취량, 산란율, 난중 및 사료효율은 착색제의 첨가에 따른 영향이 없었으며, 난질에 있어서도 난백고와 haugh unit은 착색제 첨가와 전혀 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 실험1에서 난황착색도가 Roche color fan 12∼13에 근접하기 위한 천연 red 착색제 첨가 수준은 25∼30ppm이었고, 합성 red 착색제는 15∼20ppm이었으며, 본 시험의 조건에서는 천연착색제보다 합성착색제의 착색효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 실험2에서 착색제 혼합에 따른 착색 효과는 천연 red 착색제를 첨가한 TM2구와 동일한 양의 합성 red 착색제를 첨가한 TM6구를 비교하였을 때, 천연 red 착색제 보다 합성 red 착색제의 착색효과가 우수하였다. 난황내 지방산 함량은 착색제 첨가로 인한 영향이 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2001

This study conducted to investigate the effects of feeding Fermkito 50 on the egg production and egg quality hens. One hundred forty four, 50 weeks old ISA brown commercial layer, were used in a 28 d growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) control(basal diet), 2) FERMO.5(based diet+0.5% Fermkito), 2) FERM1.0(basal diet+1.0% Fermkito), 3) FERM+YU(basal diet+0.5% Fermkito and 0.05% yucca extract). Overall (d 0 to 28), egg production tended to increase as the concentration of Fermkito 50 in the diets was increased without significant difference(P〈0.05). As adding level of Fermkito 50 increased in the diets, egg weight tended to increase. Laying hens fed FERM+YU diet were higher egg weight than laying hens fed control diet(P〈0.05). Egg shell breaking strength was not influenced by Fermkito 50. As adding level of Fermkito 50 was increased in the diets, yolk color tended to increase. Laying hens fed FERM+YU diet had improved egg yolk index compared to laying hens fed control diet. Total-cholesterol of egg yolk in FERM1.0 and FERM+YU treatments was significantly decreased compared to that in control diet(p〈0.05). Total-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in serum tended to increase as the concentration of Fermkito 50 in the diets was decreased(P〈0.05). Also, HDL-cholesterol concentration in serum with FERM1.0 and FEUM+YU treatments was significantly higher than control diet(P〈0.05). However, LDL-cholesterol concentration in serum with FERM1.0 and FERM0.5+YU treatments was significantly lower than control diet(P〈0.05). In conclusion, supplemental Fermkito 50 in laying hen diets can be used to improve egg quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of storage temperature and time on the quality parameters of eggs from laying hens at peak production. A total of 576 eggs were obtained from Lohmann Light-Brown hens, which were collected 3 times when the hens were 26, 27, and 28 weeks old. The fresh eggs were collected and measured within 2 h of being laid. Samples of 48 eggs each were stored in chambers for 2, 5, or 10 d inside a refrigerator ($5^{\circ}C$), at room temperature ($21^{\circ}C$), and at a high temperature ($29^{\circ}C$). As the storage temperature and time increased, egg weight, percentage of albumen, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk color significantly (p<0.001) decreased. In addition, egg shell weight, shell percentage, and albumen weight significantly (p<0.001) decreased with storage time. Yolk weight, yolk percentage, and albumen pH significantly (p<0.001) increased with increasing storage temperature, and yolk pH significantly (p<0.001) increased with increasing storage time. When the storage temperature was increased to $29^{\circ}C$, egg weight loss dramatically increased from 1.74 to 3.67% at 5 and 10 d of storage time, respectively. With the exception of the $5^{\circ}C$ storage temperature, HU dramatically decreased according to storage time and temperature, decreasing from 91.3 to 72.63 at $21^{\circ}C$ and from 87.62 to 60.92 at $29^{\circ}C$ during 10 d of storage; however, this decline was not found at $5^{\circ}C$. A rapid increase in albumen alkalinity was observed even after just 2 d of storage regardless of the storage temperature. Interactions between storage time and temperature were significant (p<0.001) with respect to egg weight loss, egg shell weight and percentage, albumen weight and percentage, yolk weight and percentage, albumen and yolk pH, HU, and yolk color. The results of the current study indicated that eggs from laying hens at peak production had significant deterioration of internal quality with increasing storage temperature and time. The results suggest that egg weight loss, albumen pH, and HU are parameters that are greatly influenced by the storage temperature and time of eggs from hens at peak laying.