• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.551-561
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• 2000

Swine respiratory diseases have induced severe economic losses in swine industry worldwide. Several methods have been developed and applied to prevent and control the disease. However, those are still problematic in swine industry. Recently, the use of egg yolk antibodies with several advantages was introduced and applied to control diseases in animal as well as human. As the first step of the use of egg yolk antibodies in the control of the swine respiratory diseases, we investigated the immunogens of the causative agensts of the diseases and immune response in egg yolk of hens immunized with them. Bacterial antigens prepared from Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida 3A and 4D, and Actinobacillus pleuropneumaniae serotype 2 and 5 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blot and toxicity test in mice. The antigens were injected into laying hens in order to produce antibodies against them in egg yolk. After chickens were immunized three times in 2 weeks interval, the profile of antibody production was examined by ELISA. The production of antibody in egg yolk was started in 2 weeks after the first injection, reached peak in 6-8 weeks and maintained until 12 weeks. Of two adjuvants used in this study, ISA70 was more effective than aluminum hydroxide gel in enhancing immunogenecity, laying rates and safety in hens. These results suggested that egg yolk antibodies could be a good source for production of antibodies specific to pathogenic bacteria inducing respiratory diseases of swine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1665-1670
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• 2006

The objective of this research was to provide the characterization and method for producing anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies in egg-laying hens and to determine if the antibody can restrain the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 in-vitro. Selected antigenic fractions (whole cell, outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) from E. coli O157:H7 were injected to hens in order to produce anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies. The immune response and the egg yolk antibodies of laying hens against the whole cell, outer membrane protein and LPS antigens were monitored by ELISA. The level of antibodies against whole cell antigen monitored through ELISA sharply increased after the initial immunization, and it was found to be maximum on day 49 however, the level was maintained up to day 70. Antibodies (5 mg/ml) directed against the whole cell inhibited E. coli proliferation 10-13 times more than outer membrane protein or LPS. The antibody response against the whole cell antigens appeared to have higher activity in restraining the proliferation of E. coli O157:H7 than antibody against outer membrane protein or LPS. Results reflected that increasing the IgY's in the egg yolk could prevent greater economic losses due to human and animal health from pathogenic bacteria i.e. E. coli O157:H7.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.407-412
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• 2009

본 연구는 송아지 설사병의 주요원인체 중 소로타바이러스(bovine rotavirus; BRV)와 소코로나바이러스(bovine coronavirus; BCV)에 대한 난황항체를 생산하고 이의 면역 특이성을 확인하고자 실험을 실시하였으며, BRV 및 BCV를 2주 간격으로 5회 산란계에 근육주사를 실시하여 혈청과 난황내의 특이 항체 형성 유무를 확인하였다. 실험 6주차에 면역한 산란계로부터 획득한 혈청을 이용하여 교차반응 시험을 실시한 결과, BRV 및 BCV를 면역하여 얻은 혈청은 각각 BRV 및 BCV 항원과만 특이적인 결합반응을 보였다. 면역에 따른 혈청항체 및 난황항체의 수준은 실험 8~12주차에 최고도에 달했고, BRV에 대한 항체의 경우 혈청과 난황내에서 면역 후 12주째에 각각 약 104,000과 107,000의 역가 수준을 보였으며, BCV의 경우 8주째에 각각 약 145,000과 155,000의 수준을 보였다. BRV 및 BCV에 대한 중화능력 유무 확인을 위하여 분리된 난황항체를 이용하여 혈구응집억제반응 시험을 실시한 결과, BRV 및 BCV에 대한 혈구응집억제 희석비가 각각 5,120 및 1,260으로 면역하지 않은 대조군에 비하여 8배 이상 높은 중화력을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 산란계에 BRV 및 BCV를 면역하여 얻어진 난황항체는 BRV 및 BCV에 대한 면역 특이성을 가지고 중화할 수 있는 능력이 있으며, 이러한 난황항체는 BRV 및 BCV의 증식을 효과적으로 억제시킬 수 있어 임상에 적용할 경우 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2002

In a previous study, we developed a new food additive as an egg yolk antibody (IgY) against carbohydrate digestion enzymer for the regulation of blood glucose level and weight control. The IgY delayed and decreased the increment if blood glucose level after administration of sucrose in human being by 30% in 20∼30 min. We also developed a lipase inhibitor as a water extract of two kinds of herb, Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum Melongena, Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the egg yolk IgY Plus the herbal extracts for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of egg yolk IgY and natural herbal extract improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2001

This study was carried out for production of neutral antibody to bee venom $(anti-phospholipase\;A_2IgY)$. Hen layings were injected repeatedly with bee venom and phospholipase $A_2$ with Freund's adjuvant. Specific antibody in egg yolk from immunized hen laying was separated, and purified, also immunological characteristics of anti phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ was invested. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Phospholipase $A_2$ was showed single band at molecular weight 17,000 in SDS-PAGE and bee venom was showed two band at molecular weight 17,000 and under molecular weight 6,500 in SDS-PAGE. 2. During 70 days after hen immunized with bee venom and phospholipase $A_2$, antibodies(anti-bee venom IgY) to bee venom were showed poor ELISA value in egg yolk, but antibodies$(anti-Phospholipase\;A_2IgY)$ to phospholipase $A_2$ in egg yolk were increased ELISA value from 8 days or 15 days and found maximum ELISA value at 42 days. Also after booster at 49 days, ELISA value of anti Phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ in egg yolk was supported at optical density(O.D) 1.0 level, continuously. 3. Titer of phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ was showed 1: 32,000. 4. In double immunodiffusion test to phospholipase $A_2$ after double dilution of anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$, only precipitation line was made in 1:1 dilution well of anti-Phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$. But In immunodiffusion test to anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ after double dilution of phospholipase $A_2$, Precipitation line to 250ul/ml well of phospholipase $A_2$ was showed. In double immunodiffusion test to bee venom(1mg/ml) after double dilution anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$, all well without 1:32 dilution well were showed strong precipitation line. 5. In dot bloting test to anti-phospholipase $A_2\;IgY$ after diluting bee venom(0.5mg/ml), dot bloting color was showed clearly to $1/100(5{\mu}g/ml)$ in bee venom.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

It has been recognized that the hen, like its mammalian counterparts, provides young chicks with antibodies as protection against hostile invaders. This system facilitates the transfer of specific antibodies from serum to egg yolk, and provides a supply of antibodies called immunoglobulin Y(IgY) to the developing embryo and the hatched chick. The protection against pathogens that the relatively immune-incompetent newly hatched chick has, is through transmission of antibodies from the mother via the egg. Egg yolk, therefore, can be loaded with a large amount of IgY against pathogens which can immobilize the existing or invading pathogens during the embryo development or in day-old chicks. Thus, the immunization of laying hens to various pathogens results in production of different antigen-specific IgY in eggs. Egg yolk contains 8∼20 mg of jmmunoglobulins (IgY) per ml or 136∼340 mg per yolk suggesting that more than 30 g of IgY can be obtained from one immunized hen in a year. By immunizing laying hens with antigens and collecting IgY from egg yolk, low cost antibodies at less than $10 per g compared to more than $20,000 per g of mammalian IgG can be obtained. This IgY technology opens new potential market applications in medicine, public health, veterinary medicine and food safety. A broader use of IgY technology could be applied as biological or diagnostic tool, nutraceutical or functional food development, oral-supplementation for prophylaxis, and as pathogen-specific antimicrobial agents for infectious disease control. This paper has emphasized that when IgY-loaded chicken eggs are produced and consumed, the specific antibody binds, immobilizes and consequently reduces or inhibits the growth or colony forming abilities of microbial pathogens. This concept could serve as an alternative agent to replace the use of antibiotics, since today, more and more antibiotics are less effective in the treatment of infections, due to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2002

For the Exp. 1, twelve Duroc $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace pigs (6.12 $\pm$ 0.24 kg average initial body weight and 21 d average age) were used in an 8-d metabolic assay to determine the effects of replacing spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) with spray-dried egg Protein containing egg yolk antibody (SDCEP) on nutrient and amino acids digestibility in weaning Pigs. Experimental animals were fed diets containing SDPP, SDCEP (spray-dried commercial egg protein) and SDAEP. Protein content in the SDPP, SDCEP and SDAEP were 58.20, 45.83 and 41.85%, respectively. Pigs fed the SDPP diet tended to increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen compared to pigs fed the SDAEP diets without significant differences. The ileal digestibility of lysine and methionine for the SDAEP were greater than those for the SDPP, however, there are no significant differences between groups. For Exp.2, 36 Duroc $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Landrace pigs (4.11 $\pm$ 0.05 kg average initial body weight and 14 d average age) were used in a 10-day growth assay to determine the effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of replacing SDPP with SDAEP in early-weaning pigs. Experimental animals were fed diets containing CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), SDAEP3 (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet + 3% SDAEP), SDAEP6 (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet + 6% SDAEP). The average daily weight gain of the pigs fed the SDAEP3 diet was higher than that for the pigs fed the CON and SDAEP6 diets (p < 0.05). SDAEP3 significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen compared to the CON and SDAEP6 diets (p < 0.05).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2001

The protective effects of egg yolk atibodies obtained from chickens immunized with fimbrial antigens from ETEC 987P were evaluated in 14 and 21 d old pigs in which ETEC diarrhea was induced. For the Exp. 1, eight early-weaned pigs($5.00{\pm}0.5kg$ average BW and 14 d average age) and eight weaned pigs($6.00{\pm}0.5kg$ average BW and 21 d average age) were used to examine influence of egg yolk antibodies on growth performance and resistance to ETEC 987P infection. Dietary treatments included 1) administered of commercial egg yolk(14 d of age; CEY14), 2) administered of egg yolk antibodies(14 d of age; EYA14), 3) administered of commercial egg yolk(21 d of age; CEY21), 4) administered of egg yolk antibodies(21 d of age; EYA21). The 14 and 21 d old pigs were challenged with 2 ml of ETEC 987P at a dose of $10^{10}\;CFU\;ml^{-1}$ per weaned pigs. Weaned pigs treated with egg yolk antibodies recovered and pigs treated with egg yolk antibodies tended to increase average daily gain(P<0.05). Also, EYA12 and EYA21 treatments were reduced coli-form bacteria concentration and increased Lactobacilli sp. concentration from feces. For the Exp. 2, sixteen weaned pigs($6.00{\pm}0.5kg$ average daily gain BW and 21 d average age) were used to examine influence of yolk or white from egg containing antibodies on growth performance and resistance to ETEC 987P infection. Dietary treatments included l) administered of commercial egg yolk(CEY), 2) administered of commercial egg white(CEW), 3) administered of egg yolk antibodies(EYA), 4) administered of egg white antibodies(EWA). Pigs treated only with EYA showed signs of recovery. Also, EYA treatment showed the best average daily gain without significant differences (P>0.05). EYA treatment was reduced coli-form bacteria concentration increased and Lactobacilli sp. concentration from feces. In conclusion, egg yolk antibodies have protective effects from pigs in which ETEC diarrhea was induced.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2003

본 연구는, Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대한 면역 글로블린 Y(IgY)를 생산하기 위하여 시행되었다. Vibrio parahaemolyticus는 중요한 병원성 균이며, 위장염을 유발시키는 원인 균이다. 따라서, 난황에서 Vibrio parahaemolyticus에 대한 항체를 생산하기 위하여 항원 LPS(lipopolysaccharide)를 암탉에 주사하였다. 면역은 2주 간격으로 4차까지 실시하였으며, 추가면역으로 2주 간격으로 3차까지 실시한 후 ELISA로 그 항체 역가를 측정하였다. 난황에서의 항체생성은 1차 면역 후 1주일부터 나타나기 시작하였으며, 7주에 최고 역가에 도달하였고, 이러한 역가는 13주 이후까지 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 혈청에서의 항체 역가도 난황에서의 경향과 유사하였다. 정제시킨 IgY를 본 연구의 water-dilution방법과 상업용 IgY분리 kit로 그 정제 정도를 비교해본 격과 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, Vibrio parahaemolyticus외의 다른 Vibrio 속 및 세균들과의 교차반응성 조사에서 특별한 교차반응이 없었다. 본 연구에 나타난 결과로, 아주 적은 양의 LPS 항원으로 역가가 높은 항체의 생산이 가능하였으며, 이러한 결과들로 보아 난황은 유행성 위장염을 유발하는 병원성 균의 특이 항체 개발을 위한 좋은 공급원이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.633-642
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• 2002

1. ETEC F41 균주로부터 분리한 섬모항원의 분자량은 29.5 kDa으로 나타났으며, western blot을 통하여 섬모항원임을 확인하였다. 2. 분리한 섬모항원의 농도를 50 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, 200 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, 600 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$로 조정 후 산란계에 접종하였다. 이 후 ELISA법을 이용하여 난황의 항체역가를 측정한 결과 최고치가 320,000(antigen 50${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 450,000(antigen 200${\mu}g$/$m\ell$), 320,000(anti- gen 600${\mu}g$/$m\ell$)으로 나타났다. 3. F41난황항체와 K88, K99, 987P 섬모항원과의 교차반응을 ELISA법을 이용하여 조사해본 결과 난황항체를 30,000배 희석 시 교차반응이 없었다. 4. 실험실조건하에서 난황항체의 항원결합능력을 조사한 결과, 동결건조한 WSF을 2${\sim}$4 mg/$m\ell$ 첨가 시 균체의 농도가 $10^9$ CFU/$m\ell$에서 $10^5$ CFU/$m\ell$로 급격하게 감소하였다.