• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1457-1463
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• 2005

In this research, the possibilities of using canola meal (CM) in place of soybean meal (SBM), and also the effects of multi-enzyme and phytase supplementation on the performance of quails were investigated. For this purpose, soybean meal (44% CP), canola meal (37% CP), phytase (produced from Peniophora luci) and multi-enzyme ($\beta$-glucanases, pectinases, cellulases and hemicellulases) were used. CM was used supplying 0, 25 and 50% of CP from SBM and each of the phytase and multi-enzyme blends were added to the each level. This study was conducted with 675 day old quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) in 9 groups with 3 replicates including 25 birds (mixed sex) per replicate. Nine isocalaric and isonitrogenous diets were prepared. The effects of enzymes and CM levels were studied with a 3${\times}$3${\times}$3 factorial arrangement for three CM levels (0, 25 and 50%), three treatments (without enzyme, phytase enzyme and multi-enzyme) and three replicates. While the 25% CM level did not affect the liveweight gain 50% CM level decreased the liveweight gain (p<0.05). Multi-enzyme addition to the 50% CM group increased the liveweight gain compared to the other groups (p<0.05). CM levels and enzyme supplementation had no effect on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, viability, tibia ash content, Ca and P contents of tibia ash, viscera weight, gizzard weight and length of growth period. While heart weight and liver weight were not affected by CM levels, but they were affected by enzyme supplementation. CM levels and enzyme supplementation did not affect final liveweight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg yield, egg weight, shell weight and shell index during laying period. The increase in the CM level lightened the colour of the yolk (p<0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Gonadosomatic index, condition index and reproductive cycle with the gonadal development of the female Octopus ocellatus were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data, from January to December, 2000. And changes in biochemical components of the ovary and the trunk tissues including the digestive organ associated with gonadal development were studied by biochemical analysis from January to October, 2001. The specimens were collected at the coastal waters of Buan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea, from January 2000 to October 2001. O. ocellatus is a dioecious organism. The gonad of O. ocellatus locates medially in posterior region of the body. Morphology of the ovary shows round and oval in shape, the average diameter and external colour of ripe ovary was 32 mm and semitransparent light brown in colour. As the ovary was getting mature, transparent elongated eggs covered with chorion were present in the ovarian cavity. Monthly changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) showed a similar pattern with those of the condition index. The GSI and condition index began to increase in March and reached the maximum in April. And then, their values decreased from May and reached the minimum in September. Reproductive cycle of O. ocellatus can be categorized into five successive stages: early developing stage (September to December), late developing stage (November to March), ripe stage (March to May), partially spawned stage (April to June), and degenerative/resting stage (June to October). Follicle cells attached to an oocyte were involved in vitellogenesis in the cytoplasm of the vitellogeneic oocyte and formation of chorion (secondary egg membrane) of the ovarian eggs. Spawning occurred between April and June. The spawning period was once a year and the peak took place between May and June. This species belongs to semelparity. According to changes in biochemical contents of the ovary and the digestive organ, monthly variations of moisture, total protein, total lipid and glycogen contents (%) in the ovary showed a negative correlationship with those of the trunk tissues including the digestive organ. Accordingly, it is assumed that the ovary only may be received nutrient supply (total lipid content) for gonadal development from the trunk tissues including the digestive organ (r = -0.55, p < 0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.2
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• pp.305-308
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• 2013

This study was conducted to describe the external morphology of Platypus-koryoensis Murayama in immature stage, to determine each instar based on larvae head-capsule, and to measure individual and local variations in the number of mycangia of adult. Egg of P. koryoensis, had oval shape and lengths of the major and minor axis were $0.67{\pm}0.051$ mm and $0.41{\pm}0.053$ mm, respectively. Body colour of $5^{th}$ instar was gloss white with well-developed mandible. Larvae of P. koryoensis grew up to $5^{th}$ instar and each instar was clearly classified by head capsule width. Head capsule width for $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$, $4^{th}$, and $5^{th}$ instar larvae were $0.35{\pm}0.004$ mm, $0.45{\pm}0.010$ mm, $0.67{\pm}0.039$ mm, $0.94{\pm}0.069$ mm and, $1.12{\pm}0.007$ mm, respectively. The colour of pupa was pale yellow and its length was $4.64{\pm}0.044$ mm. The number of mycangia per female had individual variations from 5 to 12 and 83% of the adults had from 6 to 8 mycangia. There was no significant difference in number of mycangia collected from between Namyangju region and Honchen region.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1988

Studies were carried out to examine the effects of simulated acid rain on the various crops of rice, peper, tomato, pumpkin, egg plant, potato, soybean, radish, cucumber, common pea, sweet potato, corn, lettuce, chinse cabbage, spinach, under the condition of the rains of pH 3.0. The rain was adjusted to pH 4.0, 3.0, 2.0 with sulfuric acid, and soybeans were exposed with the various pH levels, eighteen times every other days. The symptoms of damage, ratios of destroyed leaf and sulphur content by leaves were investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The exposure to the rain resulted in the reddish brown or white pigment spots in the leaves surface and the colour was developed red and darker along the edge of spots. 2. Most crops were affected with acid rain of pH 3.0 at which the amount of chlorophyl was decreased. 3. The spinach, chinese cabbage, lettuce were sensitive to the acid rain, however, the peper, tomato pumpkin were resistance to it. 4. The content of chlorophyl was decreased with increasing leave injury. 5. The sulphur content in leave was increased with increasing acidity of the rain, however the yield was decreased.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2019

The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryobanking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 10⁶ cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN₂) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 10⁶ cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 10⁶ cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.