• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1769-1774
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in hens. A total 180 'Tetran Brown' laying hens aged 40 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of five replicates accommodating six layers per replication. The experimental diets were a negative control containing no green tea, a positive control diet containing antibiotics (0.05% chlortetracycline) and diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% green tea powder. Egg production rate of layers fed the diets containing green tea powder did not differ significantly from that of the negative and positive controls (p>0.05). Egg weight was decreased significantly in the group fed the diet containing 0.5% green tea powder (p<0.05). Feed intake of layers was significantly higher for the diet containing 1.5% green tea powder compared to that of negative and positive control diets (p<0.05). The eggshell thickness reduced significantly in the layer group fed the diets containing green tea powder regardless of dietary levels (p<0.05). Green tea powder tended to reduce egg yolk cholesterol in this experiment. Particularly, dietary 2% level of green tea powder significantly suppressed the cholesterol contents of the egg yolk (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of egg yolk was significantly reduced by green tea diets (p<0.05). The yellowness of egg yolk was increased in the layers fed the 2.0% green tea diet compared with that of control diet (p<0.005). The Linoleic and $\alpha$-linolenic acids tended to increase in the group fed diets containing 1.5% green tea powder even though there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The oleic and docosahexaenoic acid contents of the egg yolk were similar among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results of the experiment, it is concluded that green tea powder inclusion in the diet for layers at 2.0% level can reduce the cholesterol content and TBA value of the egg yolk, implying its potential effect on egg quality parameters.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2024

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. Methods: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively. Results: Compared with crushed CHM, the acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of fermented CHM showed improvement (p<0.05); furthermore, the neutral and acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of enzymatically fermented CHM improved (p<0.05). At 5 to 8 weeks, hens in the FC and EFT groups showed increased laying rates, haugh unit, albumin height, yolk color, shell thickness, and shell strength compared with those in the C group (p<0.05). Compared with the FC group, the laying rate, albumin height, and Shell thickness in the EFT group was increased (p<0.05). Compared with the C, CT, and FC groups, the EFT group showed reduced serum total cholesterol and increased serum luteinizing hormone levels and mRNA expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the ETF group improved the laying rate and egg quality and regulated the lipid metabolism in aged hens. The mechanism underlying this effect was likely related to cell wall degradation of CHM and increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone and mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2015

Heat-stress remains a costly issue for animal production, especially for poultry as they lack sweat glands, and alleviating heat-stress is necessary for ensuring animal production in hot environment. A high ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producer Lactobacillus strain was used to investigate the effect of dietary GABA-producer on laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed Hy-line brown hens. Hy-Line brown hens (n = 1,164) at 280 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the amount of freeze-dried GABA-producer added to the basal diet as follows: i) 0 mg/kg, ii) 25 mg/kg, iii) 50 mg/kg, and iv) 100 mg/kg. All hens were subjected to heat-stress treatment through maintaining the temperature and the relative humidity at $28.83{\pm}3.85^{\circ}C$ and 37% to 53.9%, respectively. During the experiment, laying rate, egg weight and feed intake of hens were recorded daily. At the 30th and 60th day after the start of the experiment, biochemical parameters, enzyme activity and immune activity in serum were measured. Egg production, average egg weight, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and percentage of speckled egg, soft shell egg and misshaped egg were significantly improved (p<0.05) by the increasing supplementation of the dietary GABA-producer. Shape index, eggshell thickness, strength and weight were increased linearly with increasing GABA-producer supplementation. The level of calcium, phosphorus, glucose, total protein and albumin in serum of the hens fed GABA-producing strain supplemented diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the hens fed the basal diet, whereas cholesterol level was decreased. Compared with the basal diet, GABA-producer strain supplementation increased serum level of glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.009) and superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, GABA-producer played an important role in alleviating heat-stress, the isolated GABA-producer strain might be a potential natural and safe probiotic to use to improve laying performance and egg quality in heat-stressed hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2023

본 연구는 산란능력이 우수한 토종 실용산란계를 개발하기 위하여 토종 종계 4계통(YC, YD, CK, CF)을 이용하여 이면 교배조합 검정시험(diallel crossbreeding test)을 실시하였다. 능력검정은 6개 조합의 312수를 대상으로 발생 후부터 60주령까지 생존율, 체중, 초산일령, 난중, 산란율 및 난질을 조사하고, 이들의 생산능력 및 결합능력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 전체 조합의 평균 생존율은 77.1±18.8%이고, 조합 중 YDYC조합의 생존율이 가장 높았고, YCCF조합의생존율이 가장 낮았다. YDYC조합의 경우, YD와 YC계통 간의 특정결합능력이 특히 우수하였다. 체중은 모든 측정 주령에서 조합 간의 유의한 차이가 있었는데, 전 기간 YDYC 조합의 자손이 다른 조합의 자손들보다 무거운 것으로 나타났다(P<0.01). 평균 초산일령은 121.3±2.5일로 조합 간의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 20주령부터 60주령까지 전체조합의 평균 일계산란율은 74.0±6.4%이었고, 산란지수는181.4±33.8개로 일계산란율은 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 조합 중 YDCF 및 YCCK조합의 산란 성적이 가장 높았고, YDYC 및 CKCF조합이 가장 낮았으며, 이들의 성적은 일반결합능력보다 특정결합능력에 의해 더욱 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 난중은 측정 시점 모두에서 조합 간 유의한 차이를 보였고(P<0.05), YDYC조합의난중이 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 난각색, 난각 두께, 난각 무게 모두 조합 간에 유의한 차이를 보이며(P<0.01), 난각색은 YDYC조합의 달걀이 가장 짙었고, 난각 두께는 YDCF조합이 가장 두꺼웠다. 내부 난질은 조합 간 차이가 없었으며, 난황색은 YDCF조합이 가장 짙은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 산란 능력을 바탕으로 최적의 토종 실용산란계를 선정시 산란율이 우수하면서 생존율이 높은 YCCK조합과 산란율이 우수하면서 상대적으로 난질이 양호한 YDCF조합이 가장 바람직한 조합으로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding a diet supplemented with swine hair protein (SHP) on the nutrient digestibility of Korean native chickens and their egg production as well as on egg quality. In experiment 1, twenty roosters of the Hanhyup-3 strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 10 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and the nutrient digestibility in response to the SHP supplementation was measured. In experiment 2, fifty-four layers of the Hy-Line strain were assigned to an individual cage to give 27 replicates per treatment (i.e., 0 and 10% of SHP), and egg production and egg quality were measured. In experiment 1, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and crude fiber in response to the diet supplemented with SHP. In experiment 2, although no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found with the dietary treatments, the 10% SHP supplemented diet decreased (p < 0.05) the feed intake of laying hens. However, the SHP supplemented diet did not affect (p > 0.05) the laying rate, egg weight and feed conversion ratio of those fed the diet. Eggshell thickness and yolk color decreased (p < 0.05); however, eggshell strength, eggshell color, albumen height and Haugh units increased (p < 0.05) by feeding layers a diet supplemented with SHP. In conclusion, the results suggest that 10% SHP supplemented in a poultry diet could be a useful protein source.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2010

본 시험에서는 산란계에 대한 인진쑥, 녹차, 오미자, 겨우살이의 혼합 비율을 달리한 3종 추출물의 사료 내 첨가 급여가 난 생산성, 계란 품질, 혈액 특성 및 계란 저장성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 35주령 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 160수를 공시하여 4처리 4반복, 반복 당 10수씩 배치하고 10주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 시험처리는 대조구(C)와 시험 사료에 혼합 비율을 달리한 3종의 추출물을 200 ppm 수준으로 첨가한 약용식물 추출물 처리구(T1, T2, T3)를 두었다. 산란율, 일 산란량 및 사료 요구율은 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 유의하게 개선되었다(p<0.05). Haugh unit 및 난황색은 처리구 간 차이는 있었으나 전반적으로 대조구에 비해 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 난각질에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 혈액 내 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구에 비해 모든 처리구에서 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<0.05), 중성 지방은 유의성은 나타나지 않았으나 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 간 및 신장 기능의 이상 여부를 나타내는 혈액 생화학 지표 역시 유의하게 감소하거나 감소하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 혈액 총 항산화 활성은 대조구에 비해 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 저장 기간에 따른 Haugh unit 및 지방과 산화물가의 변화를 조사한 결과, 계란 보관 14일, 21일째에 Haugh unit이 대조구에 비해 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05), 3일 및 7일째 역시 통계적 유의성은 인정되지는 않았으나 추출물 처리시 저장 기간에 따른 Haugh unit의 저하를 감소시키는 경향을 관찰하였다. 지방과산화물가 역시 처리 구간 차이는 있었으나 대조구에 비해 유의하게 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 인진쑥, 녹차, 오미자, 겨우살이의 혼합 비율을 달리한 약용식물 추출물의 산란계 사료 내 첨가급여는 계란 생산성을 향상시키고, 건강 유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 난황색 및 Haugh unit 등의 계란 내부품질을 개선시켰을 뿐만 아니라, 저장 기간에 따른 계란의 품질 저하를 감소시켜 사료 첨가제로서의 이용 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

본 연구는 산란계의 주령 및 난각의 형태이상 및 이상 정도가 내부품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 동일 주령의 산란계 2계군에서 56주령부터 62주령 사이에 산란한 계란 21,000개 중 각 주별 1,000개를 무작위 추출하여 축산물품질평가사가 정상란과 형태 이상란을 구분하였다. 각각의 출현율과 할란검사를 실시하여 내부품질을 조사한 결과 전체적으로 정상란은 81.22%, 이상란은 18.78%의 출현율을 보였다. 주령의 증가에 따른 이상란의 출현율은 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며(p>0.05), Haugh unit은 60주령이 56주령에 비해 높게 나타났으며 그 외에는 차이가 없었다. 동일 주령대를 비교했을 경우 난백고와 Haugh unit은 형태 이상란이 낮고 또한 이상의 정도가 심한 경우 더 낮게 측정되는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 특히 이상란 중 기형란의 난고와 Haugh unit이 현저하게 낮은 결과를 보여 이상란 중에서도 기형란이 내부 품질이 가장 낮게 판명되었다. 결과를 종합해 보면 56~62주령 산란계로부터 생산된 계란의 외형적 이상은 내부품질의 저하와 밀접하게 상관한다고 볼 수 있으며, 현 계란 등급판정 체계에서 외관판정은 신선도 평가에 근거가 될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-151
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• 2000

Over-grown seaweeds in Donghae(east sea of Korea peninsula) may impedes ocean environment, however, they can be a good nutrient resources for poultry feeds if they are utilized properly. In this study, seaweeds powder were tested for laying hens\` ration to investigate the effects on egg production rate, egg quality and calcium phosphorus excretion. One hundred 65wks-old brown layers were fed for 5 weeks alotted with seaweeds powder addition to experimental diet by 0(control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively, and obtained following results; 1. Seaweeds proved a mid-protein low-energy feed resources with planty of K, Na, Ca, Mg, Sr and Fe. 2. Seaweeds addition by 0.5% and 1.0% improved egg production rate and egg-mass output markedly(p<0.05) than control. Seaweeds addition did not alter cholesterol level of yolk and yolk index, however egg shell thickness showed increasing trend by increasing seaweeds addition level. 3. Protein absorption and digestibility in seaweed addition treatments were significantly higher(p<0.05) than control group and protein contents of excreta in 0.5% and 1.0% treatments were reduced(p<0.05), which suggests effective protein metabolism for egg production. Increasing seaweeds addition reduces Ca and P contents in rectum and excreta, suggesting Ca and P utilization improvement in laying hens and lessening soil pollution. 4. In conclusion, seaweeds addition in layers' diet by 1.0% level improves egg-mass production and might be egg quality by increasing metabolism of protein, calcium and phosphorus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.444-449
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of cheese byproduct on performance, egg quality and fatty acid profile of egg yolk lipids from laying hens. One hundred five 30-wk-old White leghorn laying hens were randomly distributed into five groups of twenty one hens each and maintained in individual laying cages for 4 weeks. The hens were assigned to five treatments that consisted of corn-soybean meal based diets containing 0, 1, 3, 5 or 10% of cheese byproduct. Feed intake and rate of egg production of hens were not significantly different across the treatments during the whole experiment (p>0.05). Similarly, egg yolk cholesterol level, egg weight, Haugh's unit, eggshell thickness, color, and strength were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). The amount of C16:0 in egg yolk was not significantly different across the treatments, but that of C18:0 decreased with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.01). Monounsaturated fatty acid (C16:1 and C18:1) content in egg yolk was similar across the treatments. Total CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA content increased linearly with increased cheese byproduct (p<0.001), while trans-10, cis-12 CLA amount was not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) in the egg yolk was decreased as the level of cheese byproduct including CLA increased (p<0.01). However, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and total PUFAs in the egg yolk were not significantly different across the treatments (p>0.05). Therefore, the present results showed that cheese byproduct beneficially improved the fatty acid composition of concern to human health in the egg yolk without adverse effects on egg quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1799-1803
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• 2003

The possibility of lycopene affecting egg yolk pigmentation was studied with lycopene diets containing 0, 4, 8, and $12{\mu}g/g$ meal, respectively. The addition of lycopene above $4{\mu}g/g$ meal significantly improved yolk color after four days of supplementation. The transfer of lycopene into egg yolk was confirmed by thin layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The deposition rate of lycopene into egg yolk was approximately 2%, which was quantitatively determined using a HPLC with a UV detector. The result indicates that lycopene is a good candidate for egg yolk pigmentation and for making functional eggs.