• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2003

The aphid-eating gall-midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), as predator of aphids was wildly used as one of the biological control agents for control of several kinds of aphids. Their some kinds of biological characteristics were examined. The developmental periods of A. aphidimyza from egg to adult with the green peach aphid as prey were 40 and 12 days at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Supplying the cotton aphid as prey, their developmental periods were shorter than with the green peach aphid. In case of the preservation of pupa in the cold condition, emergence rates were over 90% for 1 and 2 weeks at 5$^{\circ}C$ and l0$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Adult females of A. aphidimyza began mating and laying eggs at 2-3 days after emergence, and they laid about 200 eggs for lo days of average life span. Most of adults were emerged from pupa at 6 to 8 pm during a day, and they mainly acted in the early night.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

The current study analyzed appropriateness of abandoned rice paddy wetlands as habitats for the Amphibia by assessing functions and value of abandoned rice paddy wetlands within land development districts as a habitat for living creatures and researching into the Amphibia living in the subject districts. For this purpose, the study designated abandoned rice paddy wetlands within Hwaseong A District and Pangyo B District under land development as subject lands. Those wetlands went through succession after abandonment of farming. Detailed study results are as follows. From classification of wetland types and an analysis of their characteristics, it was found that herbaceous plants such as smartweed communities, horsetail communities and reed communities, and woody plants such as pussy willow communities appeared in both districts. These abandoned rice paddy wetlands shows typical characteristics of palustrine wetlands. As a result of a vegetation structure research, it was observed that succession has been progressed for at least over 2~3 years. In assessment of wetland functions by item, it was found that they are developing into fine wetlands in terms of functions because they are ranked over Moderate Class except separate distance from streams. Also from a research into animals living in the abandoned rice paddy wetlands, it was found that main inhabitants are Rana nigromaculata,Rana dybowskii, Hyla japonica, Bufo bufo gargarizans, etc. It can be confirmed that the abandoned rice paddy wetlands are providing appropriate conditions as habitats to the Amphibia in a view that those species have life cycles of inhabitation (shores and wetlands) - egg-laying (rice paddy, puddles and swampy places) - hibernation (rice field banks and swampy places). From this point of view, it was found that abandoned rice paddy wetlands that developed because of abandonment of farming can be used as means to improve structure and functions of habitats.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

We investigated oviposition and colony development of Bombus ignitus and B. terrestris depending on different pollen. In five kinds of pollen blend, the colony development in fresh-freezing pollen blend produced in Korea (Korea-FFP) was the best performance, although egg-laying characteristics is lower than that of pollen blend for oviposition imported from Korppert company (Kopport-FOP). The Kopport-FOP proved that it was suitable to use for oviposition of bumblebees. The Korea-FFDP, freezing dried-fresh pollen blend produced in Korea, is lower rather than the Korea-FDP although it is similar to the KopportFOP in colony development. It is not efficient to use commercial pollen for bumblebee because it is expensive in cost. The dried pollen blend for honeybee feeding imported from China (China-DP) was not suitable for rearing of bumblebee because it did not form colony although the worker emerged. In types of pollen, the oviposition and colony development of B. ignitus were not affected by the fresh-freezing pollen and dried-freezing pollen. This result also indicated that dried pollen, dried in the shade for 5 - 6 days, is possible to use as commercial pollen for bumblebee reproduction.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various crops, especially tomato, in greenhouses and fields. Here, we investigated whether different sugar solutions have any effects on the oviposition and colony development of Bombus terrestris queens. The types of sugar solution used were a white sugar solution, brown sugar solution, dark brown sugar solution, and prepared sugar solution; all solution contained with a 40% sugar concentration and 0.3% sorbic acid. Among these sugar solutions, B. terrestris queens reared on the white sugar solution exhibited the best results; the rates of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production were $75.0{\pm}11.0$, $33.0{\pm}9.6$ and $21.7{\pm}7.3$, respectively, which corresponded to 1.1-33.0-fold increases over the results of other sugar solutions. Queens reared on the prepared sugar solution did not found any colonies. The death rate within one month was lowest for the queens reared on the white sugar solution at $26.1{\pm}10.9%$, which was 1.2-2.0-fold lower than the rate for the other sugar solutions. Furthermore, the numbers of progeny produced by queens reared on the white sugar solution, $131.4{\pm}38.8$ workers and $51.0{\pm}40.6$ queens, were also higher, corresponding to 1.1-1.2-fold increases compared to queens raised on the other sugar solutions. Therefore, the white sugar solution was the favorable sugar solution for the egg-laying and colony developmental characteristics of B. terrestris queens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

As a means for year-round rearing of bumblebee, CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time favorable for colony development was identified in Bombus terrestris. CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time divided into five classes: 11 days of adult emergence (A-11), the day of adult emergence (A-0), late pupal stage (LP), middle pupal sta ge (MP), and early pupal stage (EP). In egg-laying characteristics, the oviposition rate of LP, A-11 and A-0 was over 76.0$\%$, but that of MP and EP was less than 61.1 $\%$. At the same time, the days needed to first oviposition shortened to 9.8 ­10.5 days in A-11, A-O and LP, comparing to 13.7 -16.1 days in MP and EP. The rate of colony foundation, progeny-queen produced and period of colony foundation of A-11 were the best results in among those at different CO$_{2}$-treatment time. The number of worker produced was 109.2 -110.5 in A-H, LP and A-H, comparing to 82.0 - 86.8 in MP and EP. Also, the number of progeny-queen produced of A-H, A-O and LP was 36.1, 41.0 and 71.3, respectively, which corresponded to 1.5 - 3.1 fold higher than MP and EP. Taken these together, CO$_{2}$-narcosis time favorable for colony development was determined to be 11 days of adult emergence. Also, the day of adult emergence and late pupal stage showed a positive effect on the oviposition and colony development in CO$_{2}$-narcosis time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 2020

There is a need for newer feed additives due to legal prohibition on inclusion of growth promoting antibiotics in livestock diets in several countries due to antimicrobial resistance. In this context, rare earth elements (REE) have gained attention among animal nutritionists as potential growth promoters. Currently, several studies have reported better weight gain, milk production, egg laying capacity and feed conversion efficiency among different breeds of farm animals following supplementation with REE, with however largely inconsistent results. Furthermore, REE supplementation has also shown to improve ruminal fibrolytic and proteolytic activities as well as flavor of meat with negligible residues in edible tissue, however the mechanism behind this action is still unclear. According to existing research, due to their poor absorption and similarity with calcium REE might exert their action locally on gut microbial populations within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Moreover, REE have also shown anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative as well as immune stimulating effects. The present review aims to broaden the knowledge about use of REE as feed additives for livestock and sum up efficacy of REE supplementation on performance and health of animals by comparing the findings. Till date, researches with REE have shown properties that make them a promising, new and safe alternative feed additive but further exploration is recommended to optimize effects and clarify discrepancy of various results before practical proposals can be drafted.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1994

Electrophysiological recordings of antennal responses to common plant volatile chemicals in the rice brown planthopper, Niloparuota lugens (Homoptera: Delphasidae}, were examined. Volatile plant chemicals were generally credited with a major role In host plant location for food or egg laying by many insects feeding on plants as adults and/or as larvae. An mitial examination of extracellular responses has been conducted. Acton potentials recorded from the plaque organs were initially positive-going, biphaslc spikes and the background firing rate of the cells recorded ranged from 1 ~22 impulses/sec. A wide range of responses to changes in concentration of the test chemical was observed. The commonest response was a relatively small increase in exitation with increasing concentration beween 1 J.lg and 100).\g on the filter paper in syringe. Adtivity either peaked at 100 $\mug$ and remained virtually saturated at 1000 f19 or tended to decrease at the highest concentration.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.4 s.37
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• pp.187-191
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• 1978

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum temperature and day-length condition for laboratory multiplication of Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler, and to obtain basic information for deriving temperature dependent growth rate function. The insects which were reared in $33-35^{\circ}C$ have relatively short nymphal periods and high adult emergence rate compared with the insects which were reared in $27-29^{\circ}C$ The adults which emerged in $35^{\circ}C$ laid significantly smaller number of eggs than the adult reared in $27-29^{\circ}C$ during their nymphal stage. Day length in $29^{\circ}C$ did not have any influence to the nymphal growth, adult emergence rate and egg laying of the insect. The growth rate of the insect did not have linear relation with rearing temperature.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2016

Here in this study, we investigated the lifespan-extending effect and underlying mechanism of methanolic extract of Moringa olelifa leaves (MML) using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. To define the longevity properties of MML we conducted lifespan assay and MML showed significant increase in lifespan under normal culture condition. In addition, MML elevated stress tolerance of C. elegans to endure against thermal, oxidative and osmotic stress conditions. Our data also revealed that increased activities of antioxidant enzymes and expressions of stress resistance proteins were attributed to MML-mediated enhanced stress resistance. We further investigated the involvement of MML on the aging-related factors such as growth, food intake, fertility, and motility. Interestingly, MML significantly reduced growth and egg-laying, suggesting these factors were closely linked with MML-mediated longevity. We also observed the movement of aged worms to estimate the effects of MML on the health span. Herein, MML efficiently elevated motility of aged worms, indicating MML may affect health span as well as lifespan. Our genetic analysis using knockout mutants showed that lifespan-extension activity of MML was interconnected with several genes such as skn-1, sir-2.1, daf-2, age-1 and daf-16. Based on these results, we could conclude that MML prolongs the lifespan of worms via activation of SKN-1 and SIR-2.1 and inhibition of insulin/IGF pathway, followed by DAF-16 activation.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.572-576
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• 2006

본 시험은 산란계에 생균제를 급여하였을 때 산란계의 산란능력과 계분내 유해가스 감소에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 산란계용 사료에 생균제를 0.2%와 0.5%를 처리한 구와 무처리의 3개 처리구를 두고 처리당 6반복, 반복당 4수씩 총 72수의 갈색 산란계(36주령)를 공시하여 6주간(42일) 사양 시험을 실시하였다. 산란계 사료에 생균제의 참가량을 증가함에 따라 산란율은 증가하였으며, 사료 섭취량은 감소하였다. 한편 계란의 품질에서는 생균제의 첨가량을 증가함에 따라 난중, 농후난백고, HU 및 난항색도가 증가하였다. 산란계의 영양소 이용율에서는 가용무질소물을 제외하고 건물, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조섬유 이용율이 생균제를 첨가함에 따라 증가하였다. 계분내 유해가스 발생량에서는 암모니아, 황하수소 및 멜캅탄 가스의 감소에 효과가 있었으며, 특히 황화수소의 감소에 효과가 있었다. 이상의 시험결과를 종합해 볼 때 산란계에 첨가한 생균제는 산란율을 증가시킬 뿐만아니라 계란의 품질 향상에 효과가 있었다. 또한 영양소 이용율을 개선하고 계분내 유해가스를 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.