• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.311-320
• /
• 2019

Fusobacterium nucleatum is a morbific agent in periodontitis and halitosis. Egg yolk antibody (IgY) was obtained from egg yolks from chickens stimulated with F. nucleatum. This study was to assess the effectiveness of IgY on periodontitis and halitosis caused by F. nucleatum in vitro and in vivo. The growth of F. nucleatum was inhibited (p <0.05) by different concentrations of IgY in vitro and the results of a Halimeter show volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) were reduced to $904{\pm}57ppb$ at a concentration 40 mg/ml of IgY. The changes of fatty acids of F. nucleatum were determined using GC-MS. The scores for odor index of rat saliva were decreased. The major constituent of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short-chain acids decreased 46.2% in 10 mg/ml IgY, ammonia decreased 70% in 40 mg/ml IgY, while aldehydes and olefine ketones were almost unchanged. The ELISA assay revealed that IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were decreased after 4 weeks' IgY treatment. Morphometric (X-ray) and histological analyses (HE) showed that IgY reduced alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers became orderly in rat models. As a result, IgY may have the potential to treat periodontitis and halitosis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 2005

The wild ginseng culture by-products(WGCB) was added to the laying hens diets. A total of 420 Lohmann Brown laying hens were alloted to five levels of drinking water containing WGCB 0, 0.4, 0.8 1.6, $3.2\%$with seven replications and fed com-soybean meal based diets contained ME 2,800 kcal/kg, CP $16\%$. Laying Performance, egg quality, egg yolk fatty acid and cholesterol concentration were measured. Egg Production and daily e99 mass were significantly lower(p<0.05) in birds fed the WGCB $3.2\%$ compared with no WGCB group, but showed no significant effect in other treatments. Feed efficiency of birds fed $0.4\%$ WGCB showed the lowest of all treatments(p<0.05). Eggshell thickness was increased(p<0.05) by WGCB supplementation, whereas eggshell breaking strength, haugh unit and yolk color index were not affected. No significant change in yolk fatty acids and cholesterol were observed by the addition of WGCB.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.1318-1323
• /
• 2008

Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a completely new feed ingredient in the Korean feed market. There is an ever increasing need for the Korean feed industry to import and make the best of it as a high protein and high energy feed ingredient. A layer feeding trial was conducted for 10 weeks to investigate the effects of addition of light-colored DDGS to layer diets on laying performance, egg qualities and yolk fatty acid composition. Also, the economics of using DDGS in the Korean situation was analyzed. Nine hundred Hy-line Brown layers, 24 weeks of age, were employed in a feeding trial consisting of four dietary treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20% DDGS), and five replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared as iso-protein (17%) and iso-calorie (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg). The use of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets did not exert any influence on feed intake, laying rate, total egg mass, mean egg weight and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). The color and breaking strength of eggshell, as well as the albumin height and Haugh unit were not affected by the addition of DDGS up to 20% in the diet. The yolk color was significantly increased by DDGS supplementation (p<0.05). As the DDGS level increased, the oleic acid content decreased, and the linoleic acid increased (p<0.05) in egg yolk. The degree of saturation of yolk fatty acids was not affected by DDGS supplementation. The inclusion of light-colored DDGS up to 20% in layer diets resulted in a decrease of feed cost per kg without any undesirable effect on laying performance. In conclusion, the light-colored DDGS (L* 56.65) could be used up to 20% in layer diets without any harmful effect on laying performance, and possibly provide economic benefits to the Korean poultry industry.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.63-82
• /
• 2009

This review was conducted to the study on treatment of poultry waste by earthworms, and the effect of feeding earthworms meal on the performance of broilers and laying hens, and safety of meat and egg. 1. The pro-environmental chicken house was building in Daegu National University of Education, Daegu city, chicken wastes will be turn into high quality compost by vermicomposting uses earthworms in the house. 2. The earthworm meal (EWM) has a high proteinic content and a balanced amino acid and fatty acid profile, therefore most feeding applications has been evaluated with mono-gastric animals. 3. The dietary supplementations of 0.2 to 0.4% EWM were effective in improve digestibility of crude protein of diet resulted improved broiler performance in broiler chickens. 4. The supplementing 0.2 to 0.6% of earthworm meal in the laying hens diet, improves the laying performance and egg quality, especially ratio of egg yolk n-6/n-3 fatty acids contents. 5. As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were detected at level of 4.41, 1.23, 1.18, 0.00 and 3.39ppm in earthworm meal, respectively, but those were not detected in the chicken meat and egg. therefore supplementing 0.6% of EWM in the chicken diet, it still did not affect meat and egg safety. 6. These results indicated that vermicompositing uses earthworms good a subject matter in the pro-environmental animal husbandry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.398-408
• /
• 2020

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of metabolic partitioning between oxidization and esterification of liver fatty acids synthesized and secreted by the liver from egg yolk-fed laboratory rats. Animals were divided into four groups and orally administered egg yolk daily for 30 days: CON (control group, 1.0 g of saline solution), T1 (1.0 g of pork belly oil), T2 (1.0 g of egg yolk), and T3 (1.0 g of pork belly oil and 1.0 g of egg yolk, alternatively each week). The accumulation rate of [¹⁴C]-labelled lipid in liver was lowest in T2 among all treatments (P<0.05). Phospholipid secretion was higher in T2 than other treatments (P<0.05). The triglycerol secretion was highest in T1 and higher in the order of CON, T3, and T2 (P<0.05). Metabolic partitioning rate of phospholipid from total glycerolipid was highest in T2, followed by T3, CON and T1 (P<0.05). The ¹⁴CO₂ production from total glycerolipid was the highest in T2 and showed a high oxidation rate compared to CON, T1, and T3 (P<0.05). Metabolic partitioning of glycerolipid from the liver decreased in triglycerol of T2 compared to CON, T1, and T3, whereas phospholipids of T2 increased (P<0.05).

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1566-1574
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dietary methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) and selenium (Se) on the laying performance, egg quality, gut health indicators, egg yolk Se content, and antioxidant markers in laying hens. Methods: One hundred ninety-two 73-wk-old laying hens were randomly divided into four groups with eight replicates of six hens each. Four diets were prepared in a 2×2 factorial arrangement with or without MSM and Se. The trial lasted for 12 wk. Results: There were no interaction effects or main effects (p>0.05) on laying performance and egg quality. However, feed intake increased in Se-fed hens (p = 0.051) and decreased in MSM-fed hens (p = 0.067) compared with that of hens in the control group. Dietary MSM increased (p<0.05) the ileal villus height and villus height:crypt ratio in hens compared with those receiving the non-supplemented control diet. Dietary MSM and Se did not affect the percentage of short-chain fatty acids in the ileal contents. Dietary Se enriched the Se content in egg yolk compared with that of the non-supplemented control diet (p<0.05). Dietary Se increased (p<0.05) glutathione peroxidase levels in the liver and serum samples compared to the control diet. The total antioxidant capacity in the liver increased (p<0.05) in laying hens that were fed MSM-supplemented diets than in hens fed the control diet. Dietary MSM significantly increased the relative superoxide dismutase levels in serum samples (p<0.05). Conclusion: Supplementation with either MSM or Se independently improved the antioxidant capacity of laying hens. Furthermore, dietary Se produced Se-enriched eggs, but this effect was neither additive nor synergistic with dietary MSM.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.283-291
• /
• 2004

Feeding trials were conducted with Euglena strains grown under different media. The effect of supplementation of Euglena on the laying performance, egg quality and fatty acid composition of egg yolk was studied. In experiment I, two hundred eighty 32-wk-old ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments for 4 wks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications with 10 birds each housed in two birds cages. Control diet was formulated to have $17\%$ CP and 2,750 kcal ME/kg. Euglena gracilis Z. (EG) was added to control diet at the level of 0.25, 0.5, $1.0\%$ and Euglena gracilis Z. bleached and DHA enriched (EGBD; a strain mutated by streptomycin and cultivated in DHA enriched medium) at the level of 0.5, 1.0, $2.0\%$ in the diet. In experiment 2, three hundred 84-wk-old ISA brown layers were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: T1; Control, T2; T1 + EGBD $0.5\%$, T3; T1 + Euglena gracilis Z. DHA enriched (EGD; cultivated in DHA enriched medium) $0.5\%$, T4; T1 + EGD $1.0\%$, T5; T1 + EGD $2.0\%$. Each treatment had 5 replication of 12 birds each housed in two birds cages. In experiments 1 and 2, Euglena suppplementation did not significantly affect egg production but increased egg weight and feed intake. In experiment 1, EG was more effective in increasing egg yolk color score than EGBD. Egg yolk color of EG $1\%$ treatment showed the highest score. EGBD supplementation increased DHA concentration of egg yolk. EGBD $2\%$ treatment showed the highest DHA and the lowest palmitic and stearic acids concentration in the egg yolk. In experiment 2, EGBD $0.5\%$ treatment showed highest DHA level in egg yolk (P<0.05). It was conducted that EGBD is a single cell protein source rich in DHA, that can be used to produce DHA enriched eggs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Macsumsuk and herb resources on the egg performance and quality in Korean native crossbred chickens. A total of three hundred sixty improved Korean native crossbred chickens in primary laying period were randomly allocated to four treatments (30 birds/treatment ${\times}$ 3 replications) for eight weeks. Dietary treatments included CON (basal diets), T1 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk), T2 (basal diets + 0.3% herb resources) and T3 (basal diets + 0.3% Macsumsuk + 0.3% herb resources). No significant differences were found for feed intake, egg weight and average egg production (P>0.05), however, cracked egg rate was higher in CON than in T1-T3, especially T3 was the lowest (P<0.05). The crude fat content of whole eggs, CON (11.20%) was higher (P<0.05) than the experimental treatments (9.67%-10.01%). Haugh unit, yolk color, eggshell thickness, and eggshell breaking strength tended to be higher in T1 and T2, but there were no significant differences (P>0.05). However, the experimental treatments were significantly higher than CON (P<0.05) for eggshell breaking strength, and T3 (14.91 mg/g) contained lower (P<0.05) cholesterol in egg yolk than other treatments. For fatty acid composition in egg yolk, CON group showed higher saturated fatty acid contents than the experimental treatments, but T1 (67.00%), T2 (66.78%) and T3 (66.82%) were higher than CON for unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementating Macsumsuk and herb resources together in diets of Korean native crossbred chickens could decrease egg yolk cholesterol and improve egg quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.108-110
• /
• 2000

A 12-w feeding trial was conducted with 600 38-wk-old layers to evaluate the nutritive value of high oil corn(HOC) in layer diets. For the control, a commercial corn-soybean meal basal diet was used. An iso-calorie diet(HOC-ISO) was prepared replacing corn with HOC in the control diet. In addition a third diet was prepared by simply replacing corn with HOC on 1:1 basis to give a high energy diet(HOC-1:1). There were 5 replicates per treatment, and 40 birds per replicate. Birds were housed in an open-sided layer house equipped with wire cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and 17L:7D lighting program was adopted. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found among dietary treatments in laying performance. Also physical qualities of eggs were not significantly affected by the feeding of HOC. Although not significant, HOC-ISO tended to improve the laying rate during the summer. The HOC feeding significantly increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in egg yolk, especially the linoleic acid The AME contents of Chinese yellow corn, U.S. corn, and HOC were 3177, 3158 and 3387 kcal/kg respectively.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2008

The purpose of the study was to suggest the optimal lipid enrichment conditions used digestive enzyme activity of rotifer changing due to water temperature and salinity. The high population growth appeared at the experiment temperature more than 28 degrees highly on the culture temperature(maximum 32 degrees, 1,453 individual/mL). The fecundity was low at high temperature, and the egg ratio was high at low temperature. Population growth of 10 and 15 ppt appeared in most highly, but the fecundity and the egg ratio were high most significantly appeared in natural seawater(32 psu). The digestive enzyme activity by the culture environment mainly showed high activity in natural seawater(amylase exclusion, 15 psu). However, the TAP activity by the water temperature showed highly at the more high temperature, but the amylase and the lipase appeared at low temperature. We carried out the lipid enrichment at 20 degrees and 26 degrees in a condition of the natural seawater. Total protein, the total essential amino acids differed not significantly. The methionine content that was essential amino acids, a total lipid content, unsaturated index of fatty acids, DHA and the DHA/EPA ratio were high significantly each in $20^{\circ}C$ enrichment trial. Therefore, we could suggest the $20^{\circ}C$ and natural seawater for the optimal lipid enrichment condition in aquaculture, because methionine contents, several indexes by the lipid, TG-lipase activity, fecundity and egg ratio are high.