• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2012

The transportation is almost dependent on a single fuel petroleum with transportation energy dilemma. Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) technology holds more advantages on efficiency improvements for petroleum consumption at the transportation. And bearing is recognized as the important component of gearbox. Gearboxes for HEV transmission have been ensured the highest reliability over some years in withstanding high dynamic loads. At the same time, the demands of lightweight design and cost minimization are required by thought-out design, high-quality material, superior production quality and maintenance. In order to design a reliable and lightweight gearbox, it is necessary to analyze bearing rating life methods between standard and different bearing companies with calculation methods for modification factors. In this paper, the influence of life time of bearings will be pointed out. Bearing contact stress and load stress distribution of HEV gearbox are obtained and compared with Romaxdesigner and BearinX. And the unequal wear of the left bearing for the gearbox intermediate shaft is investigated between simulation and test.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

In recent years, world is faced with a transportation energy dilemma, and the transportation is dependent on a single fuel - petroleum. However, Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) technology holds more advantages to reduce the demand for petroleum in the transportation by efficiency improvements of petroleum consumption. Therefore, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded in HEV for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. And meshing transmission error(T.E.) is the excitation that leads to the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. This paper presents a method for the analysis of gear tooth profile and lead modification, and the predictions of transmission error and load distribution are shown under one loaded torque for the 1st gear pair of HEV gearbox. The test is also obtained before tooth micro-modification under the torque. At last, the appropriate tooth modification is used to minimize the transmission error and load distribution under the loaded torque. It is a good approach which the simulated result is used to improve the design in order to minimize the radiation gear whine noise.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

As a demand for an automobile increases, air pollution and a problem of the energy resources come to the fore in the world. Consequently, governments of every country established ordinances for green-house gas reduction and improvement of air pollution problem. Especially, as international oil price increases, engine using clean energy are being developed competitively with alternative transportation energy sources development policy as the center. Bio ethanol, one of the renewable energy produced from biomass, gained spotlight for transportation energy sources. Studies are in progress to improve fuel supply methods and combustion methods which are key features, one of the engine technologies. DI(Direct Injection), which can reduce fuel consumption rate by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder, is being studied for Green-house gas reduction and fuel economy enhancement at SI(Spark Ignition). GDI(Galoine Direct Injection) has an advantage to meet the regulations for fuel efficiency and $CO_2$ emissions. However it produces increased number of ultrafine particles, that yet received attention in the existing port-injection system, and NOX. As fuel is injected into the cylinder with high-pressure, a proper injection strategy is required by characteristics of a fuel. Especially, when alcohol type fuel is considered. In this study, we tried to get a base data bio-ethanol mixture in GDI, and combustion for optimization. We set fuel mixture rate and fuel injection pressure as parameters and took a picture with a high speed camera after gasoline-ethanol mixture fuel was injected into a constant volume combustion chamber. We figured out spraying characteristic according to parameters. Also, we determine combustion characteristics by measuring emissions and analyzing combustion.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1510-1532
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• 2017

In smart grid, privacy implications to individuals and their families are an important issue because of the fine-grained usage data collection. Wireless communications are utilized by many utility companies to obtain information. Network coding is exploited in smart grids, to enhance network performance in terms of throughput, delay, robustness, and energy consumption. However, random linear network coding introduces a new challenge for privacy preserving due to the encoding of data and updating of coefficients in forwarder nodes. We propose a distributed privacy preserving scheme for random linear network coding in smart grid that considers the converged flows character of the smart grid and exploits a homomorphic encryption function to decrease the complexities in the forwarder node. It offers a data confidentiality privacy preserving feature, which can efficiently thwart traffic analysis. The data of the packet is encrypted and the tag of the packet is encrypted by a homomorphic encryption function. The forwarder node random linearly codes the encrypted data and directly processes the cryptotext tags based on the homomorphism feature. Extensive security analysis and performance evaluations demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1795-1804
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• 2014

Owing to the reduction in the peak power of a DC railway subsystem, many studies on energy storage system (ESS) applications have received attention. Each application focuses on improving the efficiency and addressing regulation issues by utilizing the huge regenerative energy generated by braking-phase vehicles. The ESS applications are widely divided into installation on a vehicle or in a substation, depending on the target system characteristics. As the main purpose of the ESS application is to reduce the peak power of starting-phase vehicles, an optimized ESS utilization can be achieved by the operating at the highest peak power section. However, the weight of an entire vehicle, including those of the passengers, continuously changes during operation; thus, considering the total power consumption and the discharging point is difficult. As a contribution to the various storage device algorithms, this study deals with ESS on board vehicles and introduces an ESS operating plan for peak-power reduction by investigating the weight of a train on a real-time basis. This process is performed using a train-performance simulator, and the simulation accuracy can be increased because the weight in each phase can be adopted in the simulation.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to show how tomaintain high efficiency and to use reasonably when being applied the cold-heat storage systems to the showcase. An experimental study was performed to manufacture the showcase system in a laboratory. Comparing the result at general operation condition with that of the new condition using ice storage system, this study showed the effects of the refrigerant sub-cooling, and with using inverter. Using ice storage system, the ice making process was operated during midnight being not needed the cooling of the showcase through the continuous running of the condenser unit. And then, the refrigerant was sub-cooled using the stored cold-heat after being discharged from the air cooling condenser during the day time. Through the experiments, the load transfer rate for the showcase using inverter and ice storage was estimated about 30.0%. And showed that the total power consumption of the showcase with inverter could be reduced about 37% than that of the showcase without inverter.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1504-1511
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• 2005

The efficiency of the hydraulic transport of soil-water mixtures is an important factor in designing and operating a pump & pipeline system and is directly connected with dredging cost and working period. However, the hydraulic transport mechanism in the slurry flow inside the pipeline such as frictional losses, specific energy consumption, deposition velocity has not been well established. In this study a new dredging test loop system was designed and built. It is composed of a slurry pipeline with pipes of different diameters, a centrifugal slurry pump and a diesel engine connected with the slurry pump. and equipped with modern measuring facilities that enable to measure all important characteristics of a transportation system. The objective of this paper is to discuss the efficiency of the hydraulic transport of the Jumoonjin sand-water mixtures in the dredging test loop and to present simple equations induced from the test results of the loop that can express the transport product and the transport productivity.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2007

차량 간 통신 네트워크 환경에서 차량 간 혹은 차량 대 기지국 간 통신 시 다양한 통신에 방해가 되는 장애 요소가 발생하거나 존재할 수 있다. 다양한 장애 요인들로 인하여 차량의 고장이나 긴급상황이 발생할 경우 정보 전송과정에서 통신 네트워크의 포화상태나 과도한 경쟁으로 인한 패킷의 손실 및 지연이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 결과 인적, 물적 피해와 더불어 지속적인 통신시도로 차량의 전원고갈 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 다양한 장애요인이 상존하는 도로 환경에서 종단간에 고속, 안정적일 뿐만 아니라 에너지 효율적인 프로토콜 개발이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN을 기반으로 차량간 통신 시스템에서 에너지 효율적인 긴급 메세지 전송을 위한 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 및 분석을 통하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법이 패킷충돌 및 경쟁으로 발생하는 전송지연을 감소시켰으며, 에너지 효율적인 프로토콜임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.820-828
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• 2011

에너지 절약은 해상운송분야에서 이익을 내기 위한 가장 중요한 요인 중 하나이다. 연료 소비율을 낮추기 위해서는 가능한 한 선박의 추진효율을 높여야만 한다. 추진효율은 추진기관과 낮은 회전속도에서 더 좋은 효율을 갖는 프로펠러의 조합에 의존한다. 기관은 저속이 될수록 연료분사과정에서의 지연시간으로 인해 회전 토크 변동이 심해진다. 본 연구에서는 강인 제어이론을 적용하여 강인 안정성과 강인 성능을 고려한 기관 속도제어기들, 즉 준최적 $H_{\infty}$제어기, $H_{\infty}$루프-성형 제어기 및 ${\mu}$-제어기를 설계한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과로부터 이들 3가지 제어기의 타당성을 검토한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2007

A study is improvement of power and emission in a inline-pump Dr diesel engine by using Dimethyl ether Fuel. Dimethyl ether (DME) is an oxygenated fuel with a cetane number higher than that of diesel oil. It meets the ULEV emission regulation and reduces the smoke to almost zero when used in a diesel engine. But NOx emission is almost same and CO, THC emissions are lower than that of diesel engine. The emissions aren't satisfied the stronger emission regulation in the further. Generally DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) is used to reduce CO & THC emissions and EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) system is used to reduce NOx emission. Test results showed that the torque and the power with DME were almost same as those of pure diesel oil, but the brake thermal efficiency increased a little. also the BSEC (Brake Specific Energy Consumption) with DME was similar that of diesel. The test results showed that the DOC was the vary effective method to reduce the CO emission in case of Dimethyl Ether Fuel in diesel engine. But, THC emission is showed a little reduction rates. Also EGR system was the very effective method to reduce the NOx emission in case of Dimethyl Ether Fuel in diesel engine.