• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.183-187
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• 1999

Background: The efficacy of nerve block on the progression of herpes zoster still remains controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of epidural blockade on the pain course of acute herpes zoster. Methods: Among 75 patients admitted with acute herpes zoster, 40 patients were treated with acyclovir and epidural block (epidural group), 35 patients were treated with acyclovir only (no block group). Follow up with patients was done for up to 3 months, either at the outpatient department or by telephone. The days required for pain relief were compared. We also investigated the factors associated with outcome. Results: Though statistically insignificant, patients in the epidural group tended to have faster pain relief. Patients with shorter symptom duration experienced significantly faster pain relief. But other factors such as sex, age, involved dermatome and other coexisting diseases (cancer, diabetes mellitus) were not associated with the outcome in this study. Conclusions: Though patients with epidural block leaded to have taster pair relief, more studies with larger patient population may be needed to confirm the efficacy of epidural block on herpes zoster.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Tai Chi exercise on muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: With a quasi-experimental design, 46 persons with osteoarthritis were assigned into an experimental group (n=22) or a control group (n=24). Muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy were measured both before and after the exercise. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 68 years in the experimental group and 64 years in the control group. After controlling for age and pre-test outcome variables, muscle strength scores (F=-14.8, p= .00), grip strength scores (Rt: F=8.40, p= .01), and self-efficacy (F=47.3, p= .00) improved more in the experimental group than the control group. Joint pain scores (F=15.0, p= .00) and depression scores (F=14.7, p= .00) decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise is likely to be an effective nursing intervention to improve muscle strength, grip strength, and self-efficacy and reduce pain and depression for patients with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a progressive lower-extremity exercise program on pain, efficacy of exercise, and the life satisfaction among older women with TKRA. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group non synchronized design and was conducted from 12 September 2012 to 05 February 2014 in G-university hospital located in J-city. The sample was composed of an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=20). The progressive lower extremity exercise program was applied to the experimental group for 13 days. NRS scale was used to measure the pain, self-efficacy of exercise was measured by Exercise Self Efficacy, and life satisfaction was measured by 8 item questionnaire. Results: The experimental group was significantly lower in the degree of pain (F=73.53, p<.001), higher in the degree of self-efficacy of exercise (F=61.42, p<.001) and life satisfaction (F=80.91, p<.001) than the control group. Conclusion: The progressive lower-extremity exercise program for TKRA patients was useful to reduce pain and improve self-efficacy of exercise and life satisfaction, To reduce the pain and th improve the life satisfaction of older women with TKRA, we need to provide the progressive exercise at bedside during the postoperative recovery phase.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.332-344
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• 2000

The subjects of this study were 100 elderly people who were over 60 years of age and had chronic pain. The study examined the matter of quality of life and self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain including the influence of related factors on these variables. Also, by examining their relation, it provides basic data for the development of efficient nursing interventions for the elderly patients with chronic pain. The tools were the general self-efficacy scale by Sherer & Maddux(1982) and a specific self-efficacy Scale(Lorig et al, 1989) modified to better suit the subjects of this study. The quality of life scale by You-Ja Ro(1988) modified to better suit the subjects of this study was used. The data were collected from August to October 1999. Four researchers and two research assistants developed a data collection protocol subjected to a pilot study for confirmation of validity. In this study, the research assistants read the questionaire to the subjects and recorded the responses themselves. The interviews lasted 40-50 minutes on an average. The data thus collected were analyzed in terms of t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, using the SAS PC program. The major findings are as follows: 1) For self-efficacy it was found that males had higher self-efficacy than females for specific self-efficacy. But for general efficacy, males and females showed similar results. The the quality of life was found to be higher for males than females. 2) A positive correlation was identified between the specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and quality of life. 3) The general characteristics affecting the self-efficacy of elderly patients with chronic pain were employment, age, level of education, spouse, economic status and income. Self-efficacy was higher among those who were employed, aged between 66-70, well-educated, married and rich or having their own income. 4) The general characteristics affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with chronic pain were lodging with children, religion, level of education and economic status. The quality of life was higher among those who lived with their children and were Buddhists, were well-educated and rich.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BeHaS exercise program on pain, balance, and falling efficacy in elderly with osteoarthritis. Method: A convenience sample of 52 elderly people with osteoarthritis who lived in C city were recruited through the public health center. For this quasi-experimental study design, 31 of the elders were assigned to the experimental group which received the BeHaS exercise program twice week for eight weeks, and 24 were assigned for the control group (no intervention). Outcome measures were numeric pain scale, standing on one leg for balance, fall efficacy scale. Analysis was performed with SPSS version 12.0 program. Results: Pain was decreased significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group, Balance and fall efficacy were improved significantly in the experimental group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The BeHaS exercise program can be effective in improving pain, balance, and fall efficacy in elders with osteoarthritis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the relationship between clinical symptoms, self-efficacy, and performance of women with osteoarthritis. It is a survey study of 60 women who were diagnosed as osteoarthritis and given medical treatments from September, 2005 to October, 2005 in hospital 'H' located in Yongin-si. For clinical symptoms, radiographs of the subjects' knees were taken and evaluated the pathology grade by the Kellgren-Lawrence grade. Pain and stiffness was measured by the measure of WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index), and functional reach test was measured in order to examine balancing abilities. Self-efficacy was measured by a tool which has revised the ASES (Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale), and performance was measured by recording the difficulty of the WOMAC measurements themselves, and the time taken for 20 m walking, going up and down 9 stairs, and 5 sit-down and stand-up repetitions. The resulting differences in the other variables according to performance and the relationship between performance with variables are the following. First, an increase in pain in women with osteoarthritis led to decreased functional ability. Second, an increase in stiffness in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Third, a decrease in balance in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Fourth, a decrease in self-efficacy in women with osteoarthritis led to a decrease in functional ability. Fifth, the variables for estimating the performance by self-report were pain and self-efficacy. The variables for estimating the performance by recording the time taken was balance and self-efficacy. As a result factors such as pain, balance and self-efficacy in women with osteoarthritis were closely related to performance. Based on the results, it seems that physical therapy programs to decrease pain and to increase the balance in women with osteoarthritis, and psychological approaches to increasing self-efficacy are needed. I hope that the results of this study will be useful data for clinical management and intervention for women with osteoarthritis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has been rampant since the end of 2019, has evidently affected pain management in clinical practice. Fortunately, a COVID-19 vaccination program is currently in progress worldwide. There is an ongoing discussion that pain management using steroid injections can decrease COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, although currently there is no direct evidence to support this statement. As such, the feeling of pain in patients is doubled in addition to the co-existing ill-effects of social isolation associated with the pandemic. Thus, in the COVID-19 era, it has become necessary that physicians be able to provide high quality pain management without negatively impacting COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. Steroids can alter the entire process involved in the generation of adaptive immunity after vaccination. The period of hypophysis-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression is known to be 1 to 4 weeks after steroid injection, and although the exact timing for peak efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines is slightly different for each vaccine, the average is approximately 2 weeks. It is suggested to avoid steroid injections for a total of 4 weeks (1 week before and after the two vaccine doses) for the double-shot vaccines, and for 2 weeks in total (1 week before and after vaccination) for a single-shot vaccine. This review focuses on the basic concepts of the various COVID-19 vaccines, the effect of steroid injections on vaccine efficacy, and suggestions regarding an appropriate interval between the administration of steroid injections and the COVID-19 vaccine.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.798-808
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on rehabilitation in home stroke patients. Method: A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was used to examine the change of balance, ADL, IADL, pain, depression and self-efficacy atthe completion of 6-weeks aquatic exercise program. The subjects consisted of 25 adults who had a stroke. Thirteen experimental and twelve control subjects completed pre and post test measures. Outcome variables were balance, ADL, IADL, pain, depression and self-efficacy. Chi-Square test(Fisher's exact method) was used to examine the equality of the subjects and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test used to examine the group difference by using SAS. Results: There was no significant difference in balance and depression between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in ADL, IADL, pain and self-efficacy between the two groups. Conclusion: Aquatic exercise can improve ADL, IADL, self-efficacy and reduce pain. Therefore, further research is recommended by increasing the length of aquatic exercise and number of subjects, so that its effects can be more generalizable.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.249-261
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of short term selp-help education on pain, depression, self-efficacy, and quality of life in patients having chronic arthritis. This program was carried out 3 hrs per week for 4 weeks by 3 small groups among 10 patients. Research design was a quasi-experimental study of nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subject of this study were 10 of experimental group and 10 of control group. Before and after 4 weeks program, quality of life, self-efficacy, depression, pain, ADL were measured. As a result, it was confirmed the self-help education was effective to increase quality of life, but self-efficacy, depression, pain, ADL were not improved. This suggests the replicate study to examine the effect of self-help education with the large samples of subjects having chronic arthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1995

Coping patterns were investigated in a sample of 126 patients with chronic low back pain by means of self-reported questionnaire. Based on the previous researches, coping pat terns were divided into the active cognitive coping, the active behavioral coping, the passive cognitive coping, and the passive behavioral coping. While all the above coping patterns were used, the passive behavioral coping was found to be used most frequently. Six subgroups were identified by cluster analytic procedure using their scores of the coping scale : active cognitive coper, general active coper, passive behavioral coper, general passive coper, multidimensional coper, and multi dimensional non-coper. Six subgroups were compared regarding locus of control, self-efficacy, pain and demographic variables. Distinct differences appeared among subgroups in internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and pain. General active coper and active cognitive coper had higher internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and lower pain. General passive coper and multidimensional non-coper had lower internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. Passive behavioral coper had higher internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. It supports the concept of learned helplessness due to prior experiences. Multi dimensional coper had higher internal, higher powerful others, and higher self-efficacy. So it corresponds to 'believer in control' group Identified by Wallston et at(1982). Unexpectedly this group also complained more pain. It could be interpreted in two ways. The more coping methods they use, the more they complain pain ; which is the result of Folkman et al (1986). Or they might be typical 'yea sayers'. These unique groups-passive behavioral coper and multidimensional coper-identified by this study supports the suggestion of Wallston et al(1982), about locus of control : individual's pattern of responses across the three scales may be more predictive than his or her scores on each of the scale seperately. The fact that passive coping was used more than active coping also suggests that self controlled active co ping is encouraged to chronic patients as well as acute patients. And it is necessary to articulate the coping scale and self-efficacy scale. It is also necessary to study the relationship of coping and adjustment by experimental design.