• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2004

Purpose: Among the various surgical methods used for the effective treatment of cystic lesion in the jaws historically, decompression procedure has some of superior prognosis compare to direct enucleation. In order to propose the efficacy of decompression we performed this retrospective study to compare decompression procedure with one-stage enucleation in clinical results and prognosis. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 175 patients who had been histopathologically diagnosed cystic lesions from 1996 to 2000 in our department. Patients who had been received decompression alone or secondary enucleation after decompression were 31 cases, and enucleation alone were 144 cases. The age and sex of the patients, the area, size, and histological type of the lesions, and detailed operation and complications including recurrence were investigated. The minimal follow-up period was 2 years. Results: In 31cases of decompression, male patients were 22cases(71%) similar to male predilection(62.3%) in total 175 cases. Cystic lesions were developed evenly in all age groups totally. Decompression was mainly performed in teenagers but enucleation was used in elder decades. In decompression cases the lesions were located in mandibular posterior, maxillary posterior, mandibular anterior, and maxillary anterior in order, which had some differences in total and enucleation cases. In enucleation cases, less than 3cm in size was 77.1% but larger than 3cm was 93.5% in decompression cases. Histopathologically, dentigerous cysts(54.8%), unicystic ameloblastomas(16.1%), and odontogenic keratocysts(12.9%) were seen in decompression cases and no recurrence or metaplasia and infection was observed. On the other hand, permanent tooth loss, numbness, recurrence, and so on were accompanied after enucleation. Conclusion: Although decompression procedure has disadvantages such as many of visiting times and slow recovery of the surgical defect, decompression is the best choice of treatment for large cystic lesions of the jaws, because it prevents functional and cosmetic defect, allows bone regeneration, and makes easy secondary enucleation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.468-482
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• 1998

Since the concept of osseointegration was introduced by Branemark of Sweden, dental implants have been used for various dental prosthetic treatments. The survival rate of dental implant is likely to be closely related to the total biomechanical role of each component of implant system. The use of interchangeable component is very attractive for dental practitioners because such an approach would save treatment cost, flexibility of prosthetic treatment options as well as conveniences. Therefore, the use of interchangeable implant system has been increasing without scientific assessment of safety and efficacy of various interchangeable implant system. The purpose of this study, therefore, were to compare the geometric characteristic of four interchangeable dental implant screws and the loosening torque of these screws. Four types of dental implant screws tested in this study were Nobelpharma, 3i, Impla-med, Restore. Four screws each of the test specimens were subjected for scanning electron microscopic examinations under the same condition and a 35x magnified standard SEM picture was objected from each test specimen using JSM-5200 scanning microscope. From each of the SEM pictures, eight parameters. i.e., diameter of screw head. screw length, thread pitch, major diameter. neck diameter, neck length, crest width and root width were determined using a caliper. The measurement for each parameters were then corrected for their magnification factor. The loosening torque were also determined by using a torque gauge. All of the measurements were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and multiple range test. Statistical significance was set in advance at the probability level of less than 0.05. All analyses were done with SPSS software for the personal computer. The conclusion obtained from this studies were summarized as the following; 1. No statistically significances were noted in the thread pitch. and crest width in the four screws, and in the case of major diameter, the Impla-med screw was significantly smaller than the other three screws (p<0.05). Therefore, four implant bolts could be physically inserted in a abutment nuts. 2. The diameter of screw head was decreased in the order of Restore, 3i, Nobelpharma, Impla-med screws and the length of screws were decreased in the order of 3i, Restore, Nobelpharma and Impla-med. The diameter of neck was decreased in the order of Impla-med, Restore. Nobelpharma, 3i screws. The differences of each of these parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). The width of root of screws were decreased in the order of Nobelpharma, Impla-med, Restore and 3i. The differences among Nobelpharma and Impla-med. Restore and 3i were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When the screws were loosening 1, 3, 4 and 5 times, the loosening torque for Impla-med and 3i screws were significantly higher than that of Nobelpharma or Restore screws (p<0.05). However, when statistically smaller than that of 3i, Restore or Nobelpharma screws(p<0.05).

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 1999

Injured spleens have been successfully managed without operation in a number of children; however, splenectomy or splenic-conserving surgery may not be avoided because of exsanguinating hemorrhage. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of splenic arterial embolization (SAE) to control hemorrhage from injured spleens in children. We compared the outcomes of two groups of children with splenic injury. The first group (G1) consisted of eighteen children who were managed with conventional selective nonoperative treatment between 1993 and 1994. The second group (G2) consisted of 23 children prospectively studied from 1996 to 1997 after SAE was added in the management protocol of splenic injury. The criteria for SAE were grade III or IV injury, extravasation of contrast material revealed by CT, or unstable vital signs without evidence of associated injuries. Laparotomy was performed in 6 patients of G1 (33.3 %), 2 of whom had associated injuries. Five underwent splenectomy and the overall salvage rate in G1 was 72.2 % (13/18). In G2, eight patients (34.8 %) had SAE, which stopped bleeding successfully in all patients. Two of G2 (8.7 %) had laparotomy because of associated injuries. Only one patient underwent splenectomy and the salvage rate was 95.6 % (22/23). No patients required transfusion after SAE. In conclusion, the SAE effectively controlled hemorrhage from injured spleens. More spleens were salvaged with a reduced laparotomy rate after application of SAE in splenic injury.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.412-421
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• 2010

As a most conservative, minimally invasive trial against early caries lesions, resin infiltration concept has been introduced and studied mainly about effective materials and pre-treatment methods of surface layers to arrest the lesion effectively, which is still going on. This study was performed with an aim of evaluating the efficacy of arresting the caries process in the natural incipient lesions in spite of removing the surface layers and we obtained the results as follows: 1. It was revealed that infiltration groups(1, 3, 5) showed lower radio-density decline between pre- and posttreatment than control groups(2, 4, 6)(p<0.05). 2. Group 5, in which the surface layer was removed with hydrochloric acid, showed the most significant anticariogenic effect(p<0.05). 3. Under SEM evaluation after infiltration, group 1 and 3 showed more irregular destruction and intensive loss of surface layers than group 5. In conclusion, it was thought resin infiltration can be an effective tool against the early caries lesions although surface layers are removed.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2003

It has been known that ATM plays a central role in response of cells to ionizing radiation by enhancing DNA repair. We have investigated the feasibility of increasing radiosensitivity of tumor cells with the use of ATM inhibitors such as caffeine, pentoxifylline and wortmannin. Human colorectal cancer RKO.C cells and RKO-ATM cells (RKO cells overexpressing ATM) were used in the present study. The clonogenic cell survival in vitro indicated that RKO-ATM cells were markdely radioresistant than RKO.C cells. Treatment with 3 mM of caffeine significantly increased the radiosensitivity of cells, particulary the RKO-ATM cells, so that the radiosensitivity of RKO.C cells and RKO-ATM cells were almost similar. The radiation induced G2/M arrest in RKO-ATM cells was noticeably longer than that in RKO.C cells and caffeine treatment significantly reduced the length of the radiation induced G2/M arrest in both RKO.C and RKO-ATM cells. Pentoxifylline and wortmannin were also less effective than caffeine to radiosensitize RKO.C or RKO-ATM cells. However, wortmannin was more effective than caffeine against human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells indicating the efficacy of ATM inhibitor to increase radiosensitivity is cell line dependent. For in vivo study, RKO.C cells were injected s.c. into the hind-leg of BALB/C-nuslc nude mice, and allowed to grow to 130mm3 tumor. The mice were i.p. injected with caffeine solution or saline and the tumors irradiated with 10 Gy of X-rays. The radiation induced growth delay was markedly increased by 1-2 mg/g of caffeine. It was concluded that caffeine increases radiosensitivity of tumor cells by inhibiting ATM kinase function, thereby inhibiting DNA repair, that occurs during the G2/M arrest after radiation.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.407-417
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roles of classroom activities in science lessons and student learning motivation in achieving students' scientific competencies, and to suggest implications for science lessons to develop scientific competencies. For this, based on the PISA 2015 data of Korean high school students, we analyzed how classroom activities in science influenced students' scientific competencies through learning motivation variables. As a result of the path analysis, the activities emphasizing interaction and a link to real life predicted intrinsic motivation, instrumental motivation, and science efficacy significantly. On the other hand, the activities that emphasize the student-led inquiry process did not show any effect on learning motivation. In addition, the higher the motivation to learn the science, the higher their scores in three scientific competencies: explaining phenomenon scientifically, evaluating and designing scientific inquiry, and interpreting data and evidence scientifically. The practices of school science lessons indirectly influenced the achievement of scientific competence through learning motivation. Specifically, the activities emphasizing interaction influenced achieving scientific competencies through intrinsic motivation, and the activities emphasizing linkage to real life influenced it through all learning motivation variables. Finally, we discussed some implications for the roles and practices of school science class for enhancing students' scientific competencies.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.257-274
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• 2001

To properly prepare teeth, dentists require a direct view of the working area and are often placed in a difficult position, moreover, a high proportion of dentists suffer from headache and back pain. Dentists who make use of the dental mirror and position their patients carefully to gain a proper view report less headache, pain and discomfort in the shoulders. It is recommended that dentists learn the "Home Position(H.P.)" which among the various "Random Position(R.P.)" methods, enables dentists to approach their patients in a stable posture. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth preparation in the H.P. and the R.P., and evaluate the clinical efficacy of the H.P.. Tooth preparation for a full cast crown was performed on the maxillary left 1st molar using the H.P. and the R.P., and the shapes of the prepared tooth surfaces at the two different operating positions were compared. The amount of occlusal reduction, marginal width, height, and axial taper were measured and analyzed. A T-test was performed separately to compare the results of the H.P. and the R.P. with respect to the accuracy of the corresponding tooth reduction. The results were as follows. ; 1. The amount of occlusal reduction was excessive on the mesiobuccal cusp(P<0.05), and deficient on the lingual cusp in the H.P.(P<0.01). In the R.P., this was excessive on the buccal cusp and deficient on the fossa and distolingual cusp(P<0.01). 2. The amounts of marginal width were excessive in all areas except on the lingual and mesial surfaces in the H.P. and lingual surface in the R.P.(P<0.01). 3. The marginal heights were achieved more accurately in the R.P. than the H.P.(P<0.01). 4. Axial surface taper was excessive in all areas in the H.P.(P<0.01). But the axial taper of measured areas was even, and tooth is more like to retain its original axis after reduction. In the R.P., axial surface taper was excessive on the mesial and buccal area, and deficient on the distolingual area(P<0.01), and therefore, the axis of the prepared teeth was tipped in the distolingual direction. 5. The times needed for preparation were 12 minutes and 49 seconds in the H.P., and 11 minutes and 35 seconds in the R.P., and the R.P. was statistically faster(P<0.01). The tooth preparation in the H.P. achieved its goal, in that it enabled the operator to make even tooth reduction. In conclusion, the H.P. system offers an improved method that can be used in clinic after specific training.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.2
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• pp.56-74
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• 1996

In order to prepare for the coming twenty-first century and to meet changing social demands and health needs, it is necessary to improve the curriculum through development of new conceptual frameworks. The purposes of this study were : 1) to assess the needs of the curriculum of the students, the faculty, the graduates, and the nursing supervisors and head murses ; 2) to develop the conceptual framework which includes philosophy and goals of nursing education based upon needs assessment ; 3) to develop level objectives ; 4) to identigy the contents of the curriculum ; 5) and to develop the faculty. The curriculum was assessed and developed from April, 1995 to March, 1996 through twenty four weekly meetings, two seminars, and two workshops. The process and results of this study are as follows : 1. A needs assessment of the present curriculum was done of the 194 students, 177 graduates, 14 faculty members, and 60 nursing administrators in 5 main areas (objectives, planning and organization, teaching-learning process and methods, evaluation, revision of curriculum). The results showed that there were many descrepancies between expectations and actual situations in all the groups and in all the areas. This implies that there was a necessity for total curriculum revision. 2. To develop the conceptual framework, 1) the core concepts were identified(man, health, environment, and nursing) on the basis of the existing educational philosophy and educational objectives of our school, elicited by group discussions using the nominal group method, one of the needs assessment methods, the philosophy and objectives were restated. 2) Six essential componednts were indentified for the conceptual framework from the restated philosophy and objectives ; nursing process, communication, professional roles, client, health, and nursing. The vertical theread consists of the client and health/nursing ; and the horizontal thread consists of nursing process, communication, and professional roles. 3. The contents of the curriculum were selected on the basis of the educational objectives and organized according to the conceptual framework. 4. The level objectives were then restated. It is expected that the objectives of our school will be accomphished through developing the courses, choosing and Implementing, more effective teaching-learning methods, and evaluating the efficacy of changes implemented. The most important factor will be to continually upgrade the faculty and their teaching skills.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.815-821
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• 1997

Background : Salmeterol, a new ${\beta}_2$-adrenergic receptor agonist, is a long-acting bronchodilator and benefits patients with asthma who have nocturnal symptoms. We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol ($50{\mu}g$ bid) compared to inhaled salbutamol ($200{\mu}g$ qid) for the treatment of bronchial asthma, particularly nocturnal asthma. Method : We randomly assigned 35 patients (25 female and 10 male patients, 15 to 50 years old) to one of two treatment groups : one group received $50{\mu}g$ of salmeterol twice daily and another did $200{\mu}g$ salbutamol four times per day. And this study was performed as an open-label and the 6 weeks inhalation period. Results : Analysis of symptam score ; Day and night time symptom score showed significant difference between salmeterol and salbutamol Group (p<0.05). Number of days for additional bronchodilator requirements; The number of days and puffs for additional bronchodilator were lower in the salmeterol group in either day and night time (p<0.05). Pulmonary function test ; $FEV_1$ showed significant increase in salmeterol group compared to salbutamol group after 2 and 4 weeks inhalation period. Adverse effects ; We found no evidence of tolerance to the bronchodilating effects of salmeterol, and adverse reactions to all the treatments were infrequent and mild. Conclusion : For the management of bronchial asthma, salmeterol given twice daily is superior to salbutamol given four times daily.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

Background: There has no known epidemiologic survey on the frequency of complementary-alternative medicine (CAM) use in the treatment of adult asthma in Korea. This study examined the current use of CAM by asthma patients in Korea. Methods: One hundred adults with asthma, who had been admitted to Kyunghee university hospital between January 2000 and December 2003, were enrolled in this survey. They received a structured questionnaire interview and a clinical assessment of prevalence and pattern of CAM use. Results: 53% patients had an experience of at least one type of CAM during their asthma management. Users of CAM had more hospital visits than those who had never used CAM($1.46{\pm}0.68$ vs. $2.11{\pm}1.20$, p=0.001). Those in their $50^{th}$ decades had more experience of CAM (80%) than the other age groups. The methods of CAM used by our patients are as follows: Diet/nutritional therapy in 35 patients(69%), herbal therapy in 28 patients(53%), acupuncture in 9 patients(17%), moxa treatment in 6 patients(11%), breathing exercises in 1 patient(2%). Conclusions: More than 50% of patients with bronchial asthma have used CAM. A more detailed and large scaled study will be needed to define the actual status of the use of CAM in the treatment for asthma. Inaddition, further research on the scientific validation of the clinical efficacy of CAM in asthma management should be followed.