• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.937-956
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• 2015

Seismic isolation systems decouple structures from ground motions to protect them from seismic events. Seismic isolation devices have been implemented in many full-scale buildings and bridges because of their simplicity, economic effectiveness, inherent stability, and reliability. It is well known that the most uncertain aspect for obtaining the accurate responses of an isolated structure from seismic events is the seismic loading itself. It is needed to know the seismic response distributions of the isolated structure resulting from the randomness of earthquakes when probabilistic designing or probabilistic evaluating an isolated structure. Earthquake time histories are useful and often an essential element for designing or evaluating isolated structures. However, it is very challenging to gather the design and evaluation information for an isolated structure from many seismic analyses. In order to evaluate the seismic performance of an isolated structure, numerous nonlinear dynamic analyses need to be performed, but this is impractical. In this paper, the concept of the stochastic response database (SRD) is defined to obtain the seismic response distributions of an isolated structure instantaneously, thereby significantly reducing the computational efforts. An equivalent model of the isolated structure is also developed to improve the applicability and practicality of the SRD. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is numerically verified.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2009

In 2006, the share of fisheries distribution in Busan amounted to 1.9 million ton, which was 41 percent of the whole country. In details, coastal fishery 334 thousand ton(14% of the whole country), deep sea fishery 452 thousand ton(82%), import fishery 964 thousand ton(70%), export fishery 157 thousand ton(43%) were distributed in Busan region, respectively. Recently, the share of fisheries sale through e-commerce is increasing owing to the growth of IT and competitive price of its products. and the sale share of large discount store is also on the 10% more increase owing to the effectiveness of distribution structure. Hereafter these structure changes of fisheries distribution in Busan will be more intensified. Therefore, after reflecting the change in distribution policy of Busan Fisheries, the directions of distribution policy should be established, as follows. Distribution policy to prepare for increasing of sales ratio in large discount store

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.522-532
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel integrated structure for a cascaded distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) and distribution transformer for medium-voltage reactive power compensation. The cascaded multilevel converter is connected to a system via a group of special designed taps on the primary windings of the Dyn11 connection distribution transformer. The three-phase winding taps are symmetrically arranged and the connection point voltage can be decreased to half of the line-to-line voltage at most. Thus, the voltage stress for the D-STATCOM is reduced and a compromise between the voltage rating and the current rating can be achieved. The spare capacity of the distribution transformer can also be fully used. The working mechanism is explained in detail and a modified control strategy is proposed for reactive power compensation. Finally, both simulation and scaled-down prototype experimental results are provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed connection structure and control strategy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.505-530
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• 2008

This paper proposes the application of active multiple tuned mass dampers (AMTMD) for translational and torsional response control of a simplified two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) structure, able to represent the dynamic characteristics of general asymmetric structures, under the ground acceleration. This 2DOF structure is a generalized 2DOF system of an asymmetric structure with predominant translational and torsional responses under earthquake excitations using the mode reduced-order method. Depending on the ratio of the torsional to the translational eigenfrequency, i.e. the torsional to translational frequency ratio (TTFR), of asymmetric structures, the following three cases can be distinguished: (1) torsionally flexible structures (TTFR < 1.0), (2) torsionally intermediate stiff structures (TTFR = 1.0), and (3) torsionally stiff structures (TTFR > 1.0). The even distribution of the AMTMD within the whole width and half width of the asymmetric structure, thus leading to three cases of installing the AMTMD (referred to as the AMTMD of case 1, AMTMD of case 2, AMTMD of case 3, respectively), is taken into account. In the present study, the criterion for searching the optimum parameters of the AMTMD is defined as the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum translational and torsional displacement dynamic magnification factors (DMF) of an asymmetric structure with the AMTMD. The criterion used for assessing the effectiveness of the AMTMD is selected as the ratio of the minimization of the minimum values of the maximum translational and torsional displacement DMF of the asymmetric structure with the AMTMD to the maximum translational and torsional displacement DMF of the asymmetric structure without the AMTMD. By resorting to these two criteria, a careful examination of the effects of the normalized eccentricity ratio (NER) on the effectiveness and robustness of the AMTMD are carried out in the mitigation of both the translational and torsional responses of the asymmetric structure. Likewise, the effectiveness of a single ATMD with the optimum positions is presented and compared with that of the AMTMD.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.761-769
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• 2017

Accurately extracting the axle distribution information of a passing vehicle from bridge dynamic responses experiences a key and challenging step in non-pavement bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM). In this article, the wavelet transformation is adopted and the wavelet coefficient curve is used as a substitute for dynamic response. The driving frequency is introduced and expanded to multi-axle vehicle, and the wavelet coefficient curve on specific scale corresponding to the driving frequency is confirmed to contain obvious axle information. On this basis, an automatic method for axle distribution information identification is proposed. The specific wavelet scale can be obtained through iterative computing, and the false peaks due to bridge vibration can be eliminated through cross-correlation analysis of the wavelet coefficients of two measure points. The integrand function that corresponds to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function is used to identify the peaks caused by axles. A numerical application of the proposed axle information identification method is carried out. Numerical results demonstrate that this method acquires precise axle information from the responses of an axle-insensitive structure (e.g., girder) and decreases the requirement of sensitivity structure of BWIM. Finally, an experimental study on a full-scale simply supported bridge is also conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2022

Recently, there has been an increasing demand for electric equipment installed on the ground to be installed in an underground space. Accordingly, U-CDS (Underground-Compact Distribution Station) installed in the underground is supplied, and to improve its weak ventilation performance, an Airdam-type structure was applied and the effect was analyzed. As a result, the temperature around the transformer was reduced by up to 9.5 degrees, and the air flow increased by up to 1.17 m/s. Airdam structure can be supplied in the form of various sculptures because it is possible to design freely while maintaining its principle.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.271-283
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• 2021

This article provides empirical evidence on factors of internal audit (IA) characteristics affecting the internal audit effectiveness in steel enterprises in Vietnam. The study uses data from survey obtained from 114 responses representing owners, managers, and internal auditors from 38 steel enterprises in Vietnam for period from 2018 to 2019. Data collected is firstly checked with Cronbach's Alpha, then the EFA test, and the model linear regression is used to test the relationship between internal audit characteristics and internal audit effectiveness. Results reveal that internal audit effectiveness in steel enterprises in Vietnam is influenced by various internal factors, including the size of internal audit, the scope of internal audit, the capacity of internal auditors, the independence of internal auditor, and the operational bases and methods of internal audit. Based on the research results, the paper makes six recommendations: strengthening operational basis of IA; increasing the independence of IA; increasing the size and capacity of IA staff; expanding and not underestimate the scope of IA; and reforming the internal governance structure. These proposed recommendations could be applied, not only for steel companies in Vietnam, but also for other companies in Vietnam or other companies in jurisdictions that have similar conditions.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.361-367
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• 2018

This study investigates the seismic performance of a hybrid seismic energy dissipation device composed of a viscoelastic damper and a steel slit damper connected in parallel. A moment-framed structure is designed without seismic load and is retrofitted with the hybrid dampers. The model structure is transformed into an equivalent simplified system to find out optimum story-wise damper distribution pattern using genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the hybrid damper is investigated by fragility analysis of the structure with and without the dampers. The analysis results show that after seismic retrofit the probability of reaching damage states, especially the complete damage state, of the structure turn out to be significantly reduced.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1110-1116
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• 2008

In this paper, we suggest GP operators based on tree structure considering tree distributions in structure space and structural difficulties. The main idea of the proposed genetic operators is to place generated offspring into the specific region which nodes and depths are balanced and most of solutions exist. To enable that, the proposed operators are designed to utilize region information where parents belong and node/depth rates of selected subtree. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, experiments of binomial-3 regression, multiplexer and even parity problem are executed. The experiments results show that the proposed operators based on tree structure is superior to the results of standard GP for all three test problems in both success rate and number of evaluations.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

The seismic isolation system makes a structure isolated from ground motions to protect the structure from seismic events. Seismic isolation techniques have been implemented in full-scale buildings and bridges because of their simplicity, economic effectiveness, inherent stability and reliability. As for the responses of an isolated structure due to seismic events, it is well known that the most uncertain aspects are the seismic loading itself and structural properties. Due to the randomness of earthquakes and uncertainty of structures, seismic response distributions of an isolated structure are needed when evaluating the seismic fragility assessment (or probabilistic seismic safety assessment) of an isolated structure. Seismic response time histories are useful and often essential elements in its design or evaluation stage. Thus, a large number of non-linear dynamic analyses should be performed to evaluate the seismic performance of an isolated structure. However, it is a monumental task to gather the design or evaluation information of the isolated structure from too many seismic analyses, which is impractical. In this paper, a new methodology that can evaluate the seismic fragility assessment of an isolated structure is proposed by using stochastic response database, which is a device that can estimate the seismic response distributions of an isolated structure without any seismic response analyses. The seismic fragility assessment of the isolated nuclear power plant is performed using the proposed methodology. The proposed methodology is able to evaluate the seismic performance of isolated structures effectively and reduce the computational efforts tremendously.