• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illustrate the potential for clinical improvement in treating a patient with a case of Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness with a combination of Korean medicine therapy. We treated the patient with acupuncture, electroacupuncture, CHUNA manual therapy and Interferential Current Therapy from $5^{th}$ December 2016 to $13^{th}$ January 2017 (total 29 times) by evaluating knee function with VAS score. After six weeks of treatment, this patient achieved effective outcome following the technique, showing that clinical symptom as able to walked and pain was relieved, VAS changed from 10 to 2 and the knee flexion ROM (active/passive) changed from 30/60 degrees to 120/140 degrees. This result shows that Korean Medicine therapy may be an effective option for Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify the effect of Korean Medicine therapy on Posttraumatic Knee Stiffness.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.637-656
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• 2021

The component-based method is widely used to analyze the initial stiffness of joint in steel structures. In this study, an analytical component model for determining the column face stiffness of square or rectangular hollow section (SHS/RHS) subjected to tension was established, focusing on endplate connections. Equations for calculating the stiffness of the SHS/RHS column face in bending were derived through regression analysis using numerical results obtained from a finite element model database. Because the presence of bolt holes decreased the bending stiffness of the column face, this effect was calculated using a novel plate-spring-based model through numerical analysis. The developed component model was first applied to predict the bending stiffness of the SHS column face determined through tests. Furthermore, this model was incorporated into the component-based method with other effective components, e.g., bolts under tension, to determine the tensile stiffness of the T-stub connections, which connects the SHS column, and the initial rotational stiffness of the joints. A comparison between the model predictions, test data, and numerical results confirms that the proposed model shows satisfactory accuracy in evaluating the bending stiffness of SHS column faces.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.6
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• pp.825-835
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• 2023

The effective buckling length factor is an important parameter in the elastic buckling analysis of steel structures. The present article aims at developing a new method that allows the determination of the buckling factor values for frames. The novelty of the method is that it considers the interaction between the bracing and the elastic supports for asymmetrical frames in particular. The approach consists in isolating a critical column within the frame and evaluating the rotational and translational stiffness of its restraints to obtain the critical buckling load. This can be achieved by introducing, through a dimensionless parameter 𝜙_i, the effects of coupling between the axial loading and bending stiffness of the columns, on the classical stability functions. Subsequently, comparative, and parametric studies conducted on several frames are presented for assessing the influence of geometry, loading, bracing, and support conditions of the frame columns on the value of the effective buckling length factor K. The results show that the formulas recommended by different approaches can give rather inaccurate values of K, especially in the case of asymmetric frames. The expressions used refer solely to local stiffness distributions, and not to the overall behavior of the structure.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

It has been known that one-dimensional rod theory is very effective as a simplified analytical approach to large scale or complicated structures such as high-rise buildings, in preliminary design stages. It replaces an original structure by a one-dimensional rod which has an equivalent stiffness in terms of global properties. If the structure is composed of distinct constituents of different stiffness such as coupled walls with opening, structural behavior is significantly governed by the local variation of stiffness. This paper proposes an extended version of the rod theory which accounts for the two-dimensional local variation of structural stiffness; viz, variation in the transverse direction as well as longitudinal stiffness distribution. The governing equation for the two-dimensional rod theory is formulated from Hamilton's principle by making use of a displacement function which satisfies continuity conditions across the boundary between the distinct structural components in the transverse direction. Validity of the proposed theory is confirmed by comparison with numerical results of computational tools in the cases of static, free vibration and forced vibration problems for various structures.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.1055-1063
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• 2004

In this study, we developed an automatic veneer sorting system controlled by nonlinear friction and nonlinear stiffness. With these nonlinear characteristics, it was difficult to analysis and to control the system in the fast. However it is necessary to consider nonlinear characteristics to satisfy accurate and rapid control demand in these days. We used not only nonlinear friction but also nonlinear stiffness and combined both to control the system. An experimental device was designed with 4 AC servo-motors and 2 Sensors. Through a series of experiment, we found nonlinear friction characteristics among roller versus veneer and veneer versus veneer and nonlinear stiffness characteristics with stacked veneers. Finally, we showed that the proposed control algorithm was very effective for veneer sorting system with nonlinear friction and stiffness.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 1999

Resilient mounting is effective measures to reduce the structure-borne noise and radiated noise for many applications. The acoustic stiffness (frequency-dependent stiffness) of resilient mounts is an important parameter required in order to model vibration isolation with high accuracy. It is general to use measurement method for obtaining acoustic stiffness of complex resilient mounts under static preload. In this paper, the principles of measuring acoustic stiffness were described and the developed test apparatus was introduced. Also, the feasibility of the test apparatus is illustrated by measurement results of a resilient mount.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.215-222
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• 1993

A general method is proposed for stiffness analysis of the leaf springs only using the geometric data and Young's modulus of the leaf springs. In this method, an engineering beam theory and Castigliano's theory are applied for the derivation of the stiffness of the leaf springs. To show realiability and effectiveness of this method, the stiffness from the proposed method is compared with the results for various types of leaf springs. From these comparisons the proposed method has been proved to be effective and reliable to estimate the stiffness of the leaf springs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.12 s.105
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• pp.1340-1346
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• 2005

In this study, based on shaking table test results on a seismically isolated bridge model, an inelastic numerical model is refined by using Bouc-Wen model representing the hysteretic behavior of isolators. Seismic responses of isolated bridges are numerically investigated varying with relative stiffness ratio(RSR), which is a ratio of the effective stiffness of isolator to the lateral stiffness of bridge pier, From the results, it is found that an adequate range of relative stiffness ratio could be defined for seismic design of isolated bridges without considering the flexibility of piers.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.359-364
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) and a neural dynamic technique (NDYT). As an intervention to treat spastic lower limb muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance in stroke patients. Methods: Totally, 26 participants were assigned randomly to two groups: the IASTM (n=13) and NDYT (n=13) groups. Both groups were subjected to their respective technique for 15 minutes, 5 times a week, for 6 weeks. Muscle tone, stiffness, and static balance were evaluated before and after training, to compare both group changes. Results: IASTM group showed significant decrease in the gastrocnemius medial region and semitendinosus muscle tone and stiffness (p<0.05) compare to NDYT group; however, no significant different was observed in static balance between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that IASTM is an effective method for decreasing the muscle tone and stiffness in acute stroke patients.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.278-283
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• 1993

Though stiffnesses of joints in precast concrete (P.C) large structures are known to be generally less than those in monolithic reinforced concrete wall structures, designers have very little information on the quantitative values with regards to these stiffnesses. The aim of this paper is to provide this quantitative information, in particular, on the compressive stiffness of horizontal joints, based on the analytical results derived from several experiments. Also, it is shown that the approach from the contact problem to determine this stiffness gives a value very similar to those obtained above.