• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1980

White and black sesame produced in Korea were defatted with ethyl ether or n-hexane. Defatted sesame meal was extracted with water and salt solution, and protein extraction was precipitated at various pH 1 through 12, with trichloro acetic acid (TCA), tannic acid and ammonium sulfate, respectively. Protein was purified by Sephadex A-25, G-75, G-100 and G-200, and identified its protein fraction by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acids composition of protein in white sesame was analyzed by automatic amino acid analyzer. Protein contents of white sesame, black sesame and sesame meal are 20.5%, 19.2%, and 44.7%, respectively. n-Hexane was the most suitable solvent for extraction of oil from sesame. Crude protein precipitation was better in higher pH. The protein extraction was more effective with the solution containing sodium chloride tinder the pH 8. Globulin in total protein was high and prolamin was less than in other cereal proteins. Glutamic acid contents of white sesame and sesame globulin were 17.1%, and 20%, respectively. Both proteins contained relatively high levels of essential amino acids. 12-13 bands were found in water soluble protein and 2 bands in salt soluble protein were detected by the disc gel electrophoresis, and were identified in both of white and black sesame. The salt soluble protein of white sesame could be purified by Sephadee G-100 and G-200.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), coordinated by the World Climate Research Programme in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) AR5, is the most recent, provides projections of future climate change using various global climate models under four major greenhouse gas emission scenarios. There is a wide selection of climate models available to provide projections of future climate change. These provide for a wide range of possible outcomes when trying to inform managers about possible climate changes. Hence, future agrometeorological indicators estimation will be much impacted by which global climate model and climate change scenarios are used. Decision makers are increasingly expected to use climate information, but the uncertainties associated with global climate models pose substantial hurdles for agricultural resources planning. Although it is the most reasonable that quantifying of the future uncertainty using climate change scenarios, preliminary analysis using reasonable factors for selecting a subset for decision making are needed. In order to narrow the projections to a handful of models that could be used in a climate change impact study, we could provide effective information for selecting climate model and scenarios for climate change impact assessment using maximum/minimum temperature, precipitation, reference evapotranspiration, and moisture index of nine Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

Ischemic stroke can result from blockage of blood vessels, forming fibrin clots in the body and causing irreparable brain damage. Remedial thrombolytic agents or anticoagulants have been studied; however, because the FDA-approved tissue plasminogen activator has low efficacy and side effects, it is necessary to develop safer and more effective treatment candidates. This study aimed at assessing the fibrinolytic and anticoagulation features of a novel serine protease extracted and purified from Diopatra sugokai, a polychaeta that inhabits tidal flats. The purified serine protease was obtained through ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography, and ion-exchange chromatography. Its molecular size was identified via SDS-PAGE. To characterize its enzymatic activities, the protease activity at various pH and temperatures, and in the presence of various inhibitors, was measured via azocasein assay. Its fibrinolytic activity and anticoagulant effect were assessed by fibrin zymography, fibrin plate assay, and fibrinogenolytic activity assays. The novel 38 kDa serine protease had strong indirect thrombolytic activity rather than direct activity over broad pH (4-10) and temperature ($37^{\circ}C-70^{\circ}C$) ranges. In addition, the novel serine protease exhibited anticoagulant activity by degrading the ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, and ${\gamma}$-chains of fibrinogen. In addition, it did not produce cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Therefore, this newly isolated serine protease is worthy of further investigation as a novel alkaline serine protease for thrombolytic therapy against brain ischemia.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.41-53
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• 2002

This study was conducted to derive the regional design rainfall by the regional frequency analysis based on the regionalization of the precipitation suggested by the first report of this project. According to the regions and consecutive durations, optimal design rainfalls were derived by the regional frequency analysis for L-moment in the second report of this project. Using the LH-moment ratios and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the optimal regional probability distribution was identified to be the Generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution among applied distributions. regional and at-site parameters of the GEV distribution were estimated by the linear combination of the higher probability weighted moments, LH-moment. Design rainfall using LH-moments following the consecutive duration were derived by the regional and at-site analysis using the observed and simulated data resulted from Monte Carlo techniques. Relative root-mean-square error (RRMSE), relative bias (RBIAS) and relative reduction (RR) in RRMSE for the design rainfall were computed and compared in the regional and at-site frequency analysis. Consequently, it was shown that the regional analysis can substantially more reduce the RRMSE, RBIAS and RR in RRMSE than at-site analysis in the prediction of design rainfall. Relative efficiency (RE) for an optimal order of L-moments was also computed by the methods of L, L1, L2, L3 and L4-moments for GEV distribution. It was found that the method of L-moments is more effective than the others for getting optimal design rainfall according to the regions and consecutive durations in the regional frequency analysis. Diagrams for the design rainfall derived by the regional frequency analysis using L-moments were drawn according to the regions and consecutive durations by GIS techniques.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.393-397
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECFTIVES: Artemisinin, a natural product isolated from Gaeddongssuk (artemisia annua L.) and its main active derivative, dihydroartemisinin (DHA), have long been used as antimalarial drugs. Recent studies reported that artemisinin is efficacious for curing diseases, including cancers, and for improving the immune system. Many researchers have shown the therapeutic effects of artemisinin on tumors such as breast cancer, liver cancer and kidney cancer, but there is still insufficient data regarding glioblastoma (GBM). Glioblastoma accounts for 12-15% of brain cancer, and the median survival is less than a year, despite medical treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects of DHA and transferrin against glioblastoma (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM). MATERIALS/METHODS: This study was performed through in vitro experiments using C6 cells. The toxicity dependence of DHA and transferrin (TF) on time and concentration was analyzed by MTT assay and cell cycle assay. Observations of cellular morphology were recorded with an optical microscope and color digital camera. The anti-cancer mechanism of DHA and TF against GBM were studied by flow cytometry with Annexin V and caspase 3/7. RESULTS: MTT assay revealed that TF enhanced the cytotoxicity of DHA against C6 cells. An Annexin V immune-precipitation assay showed that the percentages of apoptosis of cells treated with TF, DHA alone, DHA in combination with TF, and the control group were $7.15{\pm}4.15%$, $34.3{\pm}5.15%$, $66.42{\pm}5.98%$, and $1.2{\pm}0.15%$, respectively. The results of the Annexin V assay were consistent with those of the MTT assay. DHA induced apoptosis in C6 cells through DNA damage, and TF enhanced the effects of DHA. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that DHA, the derivative of the active ingredient in Gaeddongssuk, is effective against GBM, apparently via inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by a pharmacological effect. The role of transferrin as an allosteric activator in the GBM therapeutic efficacy of DHA was also confirmed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.187-203
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• 2011

Chlorophenols (CPs) are widely used industrial chemicals that have been identified as being toxic to both humans and the environment. Zero valent iron (ZVI) and iron based bimetallic systems have the potential to efficiently dechlorinate CPs. This paper reviews the research conducted in this area over the past decade, with emphasis on the processes and mechanisms for the removal of CPs, as well as the characterization and role of the iron oxides formed on the ZVI surface. The removal of dissolved CPs in iron-water systems occurs via dechlorination, sorption and co-precipitation. Although ZVI has been commonly used for the dechlorination of CPs, its long term reactivity is limited due to surface passivation over time. However, iron based bimetallic systems are an effective alternative for overcoming this limitation. Bimetallic systems prepared by physically mixing ZVI and the catalyst or through reductive deposition of a catalyst onto ZVI have been shown to display superior performance over unmodified ZVI. Nonetheless, the efficiency and rate of hydrodechlorination of CPs by bimetals depend on the type of metal combinations used, properties of the metals and characteristics of the target CP. The presence and formation of various iron oxides can affect the reactivities of ZVI and bimetals. Oxides, such as green rust and magnetite, facilitate the dechlorination of CPs by ZVI and bimetals, while oxide films, such as hematite, maghemite, lepidocrocite and goethite, passivate the iron surface and hinder the dechlorination reaction. Key environmental parameters, such as solution pH, presence of dissolved oxygen and dissolved co-contaminants, exert significant impacts on the rate and extent of CP dechlorination by ZVI and bimetals.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.3 s.57
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• pp.36-43
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• 2005

Prior to the study of the sewage treatment methods, water quality for Gwangju sewage of fluent was investigated from January to December, 2004 for sewage water reuse. Monthly mean values of BOD, SS, turbidity, total phosphorus and color were 4.1 mg/L, 2.9 mg/L, 0.8 NTU, 1.3 mg/L, and 27 unit, respectively. Jar-test was performed to investigate the removal efficiency of pollutants under the coagulation conditions of fast mixing for 5 min, slow mixing for 15 min and precipitation for 1hr. Here, alum and polyaluminium chloride (PAC) were used as coagulants to reduce color, turbidity, total phosphorus (TP) and total organic carbon (TOC) in sewage effluents. The results showed that PAC gave better efficiency in removing turbidity and dissolved phosphorus than alum. It was also found from the relative molecular weight (RMW) distribution analysis that organic matter over 1,000 Dalton (Da) was easily removed by coagulation and subsequently MF treatment, while it was not effective for less than 500 Da. Based on tis result, Natural organic matter (NOM) with lower molecular weight (< 500 Da) may cause harmful disinfectant by-product (DBP) after chlorine treatment. Thus, activated carbon adsorption seems to be required for the complete removal of DBP in the hybrid system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Pollutants in aquaculture system effluent mostly originated from solid wastes including uneaten feed and excreta of cultured species. In this research, DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) unit is suggested as an integrated solid control unit especially as a form of IIBG(Inline Injection Bubble Generation) process in aquaculture system. Solid removal performance of DAF unit was examined under various operation and salinity conditions with turbidity and suspended solid. Solid waste removal efficiencies were found to be affected by operation conditions including saturator pressure, recycle ratio, coagulant concentration. Solid removal efficiency was higher under higher saturator pressure and recycle ratio under which condition larger number of bubbles is generated. Coagulant is thought to have important role in creating bubble-particle aggregate by showing better removal efficiency with higher concentration. However higher saline water showed less effectiveness in removing solids by DAF(IIBG). Application of DAF(IIBG) process also showed additional effect in phosphate removal and DO(Dissolved Oxygen) supply. Phosphate existed in polluted water was removed up to 46% after treatment, which is thought to attribute to aluminium phosphate precipitation. And DO concentration was found to increase over 50% of initial saturation concentration after the injection of micro-bubbles. Through experiments on solid removal from aquaculture effluent, DAF(IIBG) process is estimated to be effective solid control method. This property can help aquaculture system being installed and operated simply and effectively.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

At high nitrate concentrations, water must be treated to meet regulated concentrations because it results in threat to human health and eutrophication of natural water. However, it is almost impossible to remove nitrate by conventional water treatment methods such as coagulation, filtration and precipitation, due to its high water solubility. Therefore, other technologies including adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, denitrification, and electrodialysis are required to effectively remove nitrate. Each of these technologies has their own strengths and drawbacks and their feasibility is weighted against factors such as cost, water quality improvement, residuals handling, and pre-treatment requirements. An adsorption technique is the most popular and common process because of its cost effectiveness, ease of operation, and simplicity of design. Surface modifications of adsorbents have been enhanced their adsorption of nitrate. The nitrate-selective membrane process of electrodialysis reversal and reverse osmosis have proven over time and at many locations to be highly effective in removing nitrate contaminating problems in aqueous solutions. Both electrodiaysis and reverse osmosis methods generate highly concentrated wastes and need careful consideration with respect to disposal.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

The phase distribution and interface chemistry by the solid-state reaction between SiC and nickel were studied at temperatures between $550 \;and\; 1250^{\circ}C$ for 0.5-100 h. The reaction with the formation of silicides and carbon was first observed above $650^{\circ}C$. At $750^{\circ}C$, as the reaction proceeded, the initially, formed $Ni_3Si_2$ layer was converted to $Ni_2$Si. The thin nickel film reacted completely with SiC after annealing at $950^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. The thermodynamically stable $Ni_2$Si is the only obsrved silicide in the reaction zone up to $1050^{\circ}C$. The formation of $Ni_2$Si layers with carbon precipitates alternated periodically with the carbon free layers. At temperatures between $950^{\circ}C$ and $1050^{\circ}C$, the typical layer sequences in the reaction zone is determined by quantitative microanalysis to be $SiC/Ni_2$$Si+C/Ni_2$$Si/Ni_2$$Si+C/…Ni_2$Si/Ni(Si)/Ni. The mechanism of the periodic band structure formation with the carbon precipitation behaviour was discussed in terms of reaction kinetics and thermodynamic considerations. The reaction kinetics is proposed to estimate the effective reaction constant from the parabolic growth of the reaction zone.