• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Dignity therapy is a very effective intervention to improve the dignity of end-stage patients. A concept analysis by Walker and Avant (2005) was adopted to define, describe, and delimitate the concept of dignity therapy. Methods: Nursing literature in the National Digital Science Links (NDSL) and Medline database were searched for the definitions of "dignity" and "dignity therapy". Definitions, uses, and defining attributes of dignity therapy were identified; model and contrary cases were developed; and antecedents, consequences, and empirical references were determined. Results: Through dignity therapy patients and their families share their stories, and that in turn improves the quality of life and death. Five attributes were identified: higher quality of life and death, therapeutic conversation, respect of human dignity and worth, expressing thoughts about life and death and systematic process. Conclusion: Patients at the end of their lives feel more comfortable about death. Hospice care providers should try to protect dignity of patients in their care. The attributes of the dignity therapy clarified in this study should be applied for terminally ill patients to improve their quality of life and death.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.332-343
• /
• 2015

It would be the most effective way to have government take care of social problems and hazardous material danger due to odor. It is also well known that odor acceptance and their willingness to pay for resolving the odor problem vary person by person. This is why public sector's intervention is required to get ride of any possibility of market failure resulted from negative external effect of human. This paper has tried to do empirical research based on survey of residents who are currently living in the area of Ochang industrial complex in North Chong-chung province. According to the empirical research results, first of all, it was proven residents' perception of legal regulation has a negative effect on odor acceptance. That is, the more residents are aware of law and regulation, the less they tend to accept odor. In addition, resident's perception on need to improve odor regulation has a positive impact on their odor acceptance. Finally, residents' satisfaction on the legal complaints to local government has an interaction effect to causative relationship between the perception of improving odor regulation and odor acceptance.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.65-88
• /
• 2007

This study evaluates psychometric properties of the Revised Memory and Behavioral Problems Checklist(RMBPC) in Korean version. The sample includes 387 South Korean family caregivers who provide the majority of day to day tasks and emotional care for their older family members with physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The psychometric properties of the RMBPC are verified by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis(EFA) & confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). For cross-validity, the randomly divided two samples are used: one sample for EFA(n=193, 387/2) and the other sample for CFA(n=194, 387/2). The internal consistency of the K-RMBPC is excellent, and the convergent and criterion-related validity of the K-RMBPC with related variables is empirically confirmed. An EFA based on the Principal Component Analysis(PCA) method with varimax rotation explains 65.85% of variance accounted for by the three factors. A CFA also verifies that the model fit was acceptable. The shorter Korean version of the RMBPC is found reliable and valid. The translated checklist would be very useful for clinical and research settings by (a) focusing on observable, conceptually relevant, potentially modifiable behaviors and (b) using objective criteria within a self-administered framework, to enable clinicians and researchers to pinpoint areas of disturbance and target intervention goals for patients and caregivers in a cost-effective manner.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.65 no.6
• /
• pp.517-521
• /
• 2008

A tuberculous psoas abscess is a frequently described complication of tuberculous spondylitis. Although rare, a tuberculous psoas abscess can develop without any demonstrable spinal involvement. In patients with no evidence of sponylitis, the abscess may result from direct spread from the involved lymph node or via a hematogeous route. The treatment of a psoas abscess is either drug therapy or surgical intervention in conjunction with drug therapy. Image-guided percutaneous drainage in conjunction with drug therapy is also a safe and effective treatment for a tuberculous psoas abscess. We report an unusual case of bilateral tuberculous psoas abscesses without any concomitant spinal involvement. The tuberculous psoas abscess may have formed by fistulization between the necrotic lymph node and psoas sheath. The diagnosis was confirmed by computed tomography and a histology examination of the biopsy sample. The patient improved after administering anti-tuberculous agents for 2 years along with surgical and percutaneous drainage of the abscess.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 1999

This study was designed to provide the basic data of nursing intervention for alleviation of effective adjustment of cancer patients by identifying the correlation between the spiritual well-being and family support. The subjects for this study were 69 patients who were diagnosed as cancer and were admitted to a university hospital in Pusan. Data were collected during the period between December 1, 1998 and January 20, 1999 by interviewing with questionnaires. Family support questionnaire consisted of 11 questions answerable on a 5 point Likert scale developed by Kang Hyun Suk(1985). Spiritual well-being questionnaire consisted of 20 questions answerable on a 4 point Likert scale modified by Kang Jeong Ho(1996). The data were analyzed by in descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA using SPSS/WIN program. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The mean score for family support in cancer patients was 49.48, which indicated that cancer patients perceived their state of family support as high level. The mean score for spiritual well-being in cancer patients was 55.87, which indicated that cancer patients perceived their state of spiritual well-being as moderate level. Among the components of spiritual well-being, the mean score for religious well-being was 26.94 and for existential well-being 28.93. From the above, the mean score for existential well-being was higher than that of religious well-being. 2. There were statistically significant differences in family support according to the types of primary caregivers(F=3.48, p=0.008). The spouse caregiver showed the highest family support among the caregivers. There were statistically significant differences in spiritual well-being according to the job(F=2.20, p=0.046) and the level of perceived health status(F=2.71, p=0.05). There were statistically significant differences in religious well-being according to the religion(F=2.42, p=0.004) and the number of family members(F=3.38, p=0.040). And there were statistically significant differences in existential well-being according to the job(F=2.48, p=0.026) and the level of perceived health status(F=2.74, p=0.048). 3. There were positive correlation between spiritual well-being and the family support(r=0.481, p=0.000), between religious well-being and family support(r=0.336, p=0.008) and existential well-being and family support(r=0.519, p=0.000).

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.342-358
• /
• 2001

The purpose of the study is both to develope the group counseling program applying Reality Therapy, by which positive body image could be conceived by adolescent women, by helping them identify their bodies as what they are, and then admit their real bodies, and also find out some practical methodologies of self-esteem, and to verify the program to show how effectively this program can be applied to them. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires(body image and depression) from 59 high school girls in Seoul who were selected by criteria of this study, from the 1st of September to 10th of November, 2000. The experimental group participated in the group counseling by applying Reality Therapy with 8 sessions for 4 weeks. Descriptive statistics, homogeneity test, hypothesis testing, reliability were performed statistically by utilizing SAS pc program, and additionally the reaction due to the change of body image by adolescent women was also analyzed. The results drawn through the present study are as follows: 1. A hypothesis that 'adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy may get higher points on body image than adolescent women who did not participated' has been adopted (t=6.73, p=.000). 2. A hypothesis that 'adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy may get lower points on depression than adolescent women who did not participated' has been adopted (t=5.28, p=.000). 3. After applying the group counseling program, the degree of depression for upper group who obtained higher preliminary points on depression has decreased rather meaningfully more than that for lower group who obtained higher preliminary points(t=5.58, p=.000). 4. Reactions associated with positive change in body image of adolescent women who participated in the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy has been shown to be body acceptance, enhancement of self-esteem, and change of value judgment of beauty. 5. The difference in the motivation and attitude of each group has been observed, by analyzing the reactions obtained from those who show the highest change of body image and those who show the lowest change of body image through the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy. According to the present studies, it can be concluded that the group counseling program by applying Reality Therapy has turned out as an effective strategy for nursing intervention for adolescent women, by helping them form positive body images and reducing depression.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to help the women with stress urinary incontinence lead more comfortable life, by letting them to do pelvic muscle exercise and to learn by direct experience the effect that urinary incontinence is controlled. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 16 middle-aged women(over 38) with stress urinary incontinence. The study was conducted from August 1, to October 11, 1999. Women trained themselves for muscular strength and endurance, every the other day for each exercise for six weeks at home(that means each exercise for more than three days a week) in the pelvic muscle exercise program which was developed by Dougherty et al., and filled out exercise participation card every week. They visited laboratory once a week to get visual feedback, by means of Perineometer, of how the pelvic muscle exercise was going on. Stress Urinary Incontinence Scale that Lee, Young-Sook revised and supplemented Hendrickson's original scale was used for measuring the frequency and situation scores of urinary incontinence, "30 minute pad test" was carried out for measuring the amount of urinary incontinence, and Perineometer was used for measuring maximum vaginal contraction pressure. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data analysis by means of SPSS/PC+ WIN 9.0 program. The results were summarized as follows : The hypothesis 1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly degree of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported. The hypothesis 1-1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly frequency of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.003). The hypothesis 1-2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the situation scores of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.044). The hypothesis 2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the amount of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.001). The hypothesis 3 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the maximum vaginal contraction pressure would increase compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.012). These results suggest that pelvic muscle exercise program has an effect on women with stress urinary incontinence in the degree and amount of urinary incontinence and maximum vaginal contraction pressure. So it is judged that training women with stress urinary incontinence for pelvic muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention strategy in order to care urinary incontinence.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.15
• /
• pp.6171-6176
• /
• 2014

Background: In order to design effective educational intervention for cancer survivors, it is necessary to identify most-trusted sources for health-related information and the amount of attention paid to each source. Objective: The objective of our study was to explore the sources of health information used by cancer survivors according to their access to the internet and levels of trust in and attention to those information sources. Materials and Methods: We analyzed sources of health information among cancer survivors using selected questions adapted from the 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Results: Of 357 participants, 239 (67%) had internet access (online survivors) while 118 (33%) did not (offline survivors). Online survivors were younger (p<0.001), more educated (p<0.001), more non-Hispanic whites (p<0.001), had higher income (p<0.001), had more populated households (p<0.001) and better quality of life (p<0.001) compared to offline survivors. Prevalence of some disabilities was higher among offline survivors including serious difficulties with walking or climbing stairs (p<0.001), being blind or having severe visual impairment (p=0.001), problems with making decisions (p<0.001), doing errands alone (p=0.001) and dressing or bathing (p=0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic status, cancer survivors who were non-Hispanic whites (OR= 3.49, p<0.01), younger (OR=4.10, p<0.01), more educated (OR= 2.29, p=0.02), with greater income (OR=4.43, p<0.01), and with very good to excellent quality of life (OR=2.60, p=0.01) had higher probability of having access to the internet, while those living in Midwest were less likely to have access (OR= 0.177, p<0.01). Doctors (95.5%) were the most and radio (27.8%) was the least trusted health related information source among all cancer survivors. Online survivors trusted internet much more compared to those without access (p<0.001) while offline cancer survivors trusted health-related information from religious groups and radio more than those with internet access (p<0.001 and p=0.008). Cancer survivors paid the most attention to health information on newsletters (63.8%) and internet (60.2%) and the least to radio (19.6%). More online survivors paid attention to internet than those without access (68.5% vs 39.1%, p<0.001) while more offline survivors paid attention to radio compared to those with access (26.8% vs 16.5%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of improving the access and empowering the different sources of information. Considering that the internet and web technologies are continuing to develop, more attention should be paid to improve access to the internet, provide guidance and maintain the quality of accredited health information websites. Those without internet access should continue to receive health-related information via their most trusted sources.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.3131-3137
• /
• 2013

Background: Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) is offered at 252 centers in 64 districts of Bangladesh. VIA+ve women are managed at colposcopy clinics of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and 14 Medical College Hospitals (MCHs). This research work has been supported by 'UICC Cancer Prevention Campaign' programme. Objectives: This study explored the role of print materials and electronic media to improve cervical cancer screening in the present socio-cultural context of Bangladesh. Methods: This study was performed from January to August 2011 at two upazilas of Bangladesh (Singair with screening facility and Sonargaon without screening facility). Data were collected by focus group discussion (FGD) with women, husbands and community people before and after intervention. Information on cervical cancer screening and VIA camps was disseminated using advertisement through local cable line of the television, microphone announcement, service providers and leaflet throughout the week prior to a VIA camp. Three-day VIA camps were organized at the upazila health complex (UHC) of both upazilas. Quantitative data was gathered from women at the camps on source of information on VIA and the best method of awareness creation. Results: The population was aware of "cancer" and a notable number knew about cervical cancer. Baseline awareness on prevention and VIA was low and it was negligible where screening services were unavailable. Awareness was increased fourfold in both upazilas after interventions and half of the women and the majority of the community people became aware of screening and available facilities. Cable line advertisement (25.5%), microphone announcement (21.4%), and discussion sessions (20.4%) were effective for awareness creation on VIA. Television was mentioned as the best method (37.4%) of awareness creation. Conclusion: Television should be used for nation-wide awareness creation. For local awareness creation, cable line advertisement, microphone announcements and health education at Uthan Baithaks/ EPI sessions can easily be adopted by the government.