• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.12.1-12.6
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• 2024

The current study aimed to determine the effect of silver and chitosan nanoparticles of size 10 to 30 nm on the dead of lice in vitro and in vivo to determine the optimal time and concentration to combat chicken lice. One hundred local chickens Gallus gallus domesticus were collected from Al-Diwaniyah province and 6 species of local chicken lice were isolated: Menacanthus stramineus, Menacanthus pallidullus, Menacanthus cornutus, Goniodes gigas, Cuclotogaster heterographus and Bonomiella columbae. The results of treating lice with chitosan and silver nanoparticles at concentrations (40, 60, and 80 mg/mL) in vitro and at different periods (5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes) after treatment showed that chitosan and silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/mL are the most effective in killing lice. The dead rate of lice reached 100% after 15 minutes of treatment with chitosan nanoparticles and 100% in the case of silver nanoparticles after 30 minutes. The results of spraying chitosan and silver nanoparticles on the body of chickens infected with lice experimentally, based on the relative therapeutic efficacy within 30 minutes, indicated that silver nanoparticles were the most effective in completely killing lice in the group treated with a concentration of 80 mg/kg after 30 minutes, where the percentage of therapeutic efficacy was 96.7%. This was followed by chitosan nanoparticles at a concentration of 80 mg/kg, and the percentage of therapeutic efficiency was 91.5%. Chitosan and silver nanocomposite have a promising effect in the elimination of lice infestation in chickens.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.66-79
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate anti-tummor effect about apoptosis of Cheongyulsodok-Eum (CSE) Results : 1. Anti-tumor(HL-60 cells) effects of CSE water extracts(Exts) were more effective in high density.($IC_{50:}:572$ ${\mu}g/ml$) 2. The generation of $O_2\;^-$ in HL-60 cells were according to the concentration of CSE water Exts, specially more effective on 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. 3. The SOD activities in HL-60 cells were in proportion as cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells of CSE water Exts. 4. The GPx activities in HL-60 cells were in proportion as cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells of CSE water Exts(more effective on 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration), but the catalase activities in HL-60 cells were not effective. 5. DPPH radical scavenging activity of CSE water Exts was effective.(3 ${\mu}g/ml:31.2{\pm}5.2$ %, 10 ${\mu}g/ml:49.6{\pm}7.3$ %, 30 ${\mu}g/ml:35.8{\pm}5.7$ % 100 ${\mu}g/ml:42.3{\pm}6.4$ %) 6. The results of cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells of CSE were as follows. 1) In hexane fraction, the cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells($IC_{50:}:592$ ${\mu}g/ml$) was more effective than against NIH3T3 cells. 2) In ethyl acetate fraction, the cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells was not effective. 3) In butanol fraction, the cytotoxicity against HL-60 cell($IC_{50:}:306$ ${\mu}g/ml$) was more effective than against NIH3T3 cells. 4) In $H_2O$ fraction, the cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells was not effective. Conclusion : These result suggest that CSE has antioxidative effects and anti-tumor effects by apoptosis of free radical($O_2\;^-$) activity, especially butanol and hexane fraction from water extract has more effective in anti-twnor effects.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1987

Production of shikonin derivatives through cell suspension culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was investigated. Optimal concentrations of IAA and kinetin on the growth of cell suspension were 0.2 and 0.1 ppm respectively. Pigment content was markedly increased when aluminum oxide was added to the production medium and its optimal concentration was 1.5g/70ml medium. The most effective concentration of IAA was 0.5 ppm and the production of pigment did not depend on the kinetin concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2020

Adverse impact of Particulate Matters(PM10, PM2.5; PMs) significantly affects daily lives. Major countermeasures for reducing concentration of PMs were focused on emission source without considering spatial difference of PMs concentration. Thus, this study analyzed spatial·temporal distribution of PMs with observation data as well as potential contributing factors on PMs concentration. The annual average concentration of PMs have been decreased while the particulate matter warnings and alerts were significantly increased in 2018. The average concentration of PMs in spring and winter was higher than the other seasons. Also, the spatial distribution of PMs were also showed seasonality while concentration of PMs were higher in Seoul-metropolitan areas in all seasons. Climate variables, emission source, spatial structure and potential PM sinks were selected major factors which could affects on ambient concentrations of PMs. This paper suggest that countermeasures for mitigating PM concentration should consider characteristics of area. Climatic variables(temperature, pressure, wind speed etc.) affects concentrations of PMs. The effects of spatial structure of cities(terrain, ventilation corridor) and biological sinks(green infrastructure, urban forests) on concentration of PMs should be analyzed in further studies. Also, seasonality of PMs concentration should be considered for establishing effective countermeasures to reduce ambient PMs concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 1991

This study deals with concentration and light extinction of atmospheric aerosol in Seoul. From the measured aerosol size distribution for particle diameter ranging from 0.01 $\mum \sim 1.0 \mum$, extinction coefficient is calculated using the Mie theory. The results show that the diurnal variation of aerosol concentration, in general, reveals the lowest concentration in early morning and afternoon, while the highest at about 8 O'clock owing to the heavy traffic and accumulation of air pollution in the low atmosphere. However, aerosol concentration and extinction coefficient on April 7 give low values due to the advective wind. On the other hand, high aerosol concentration and extinction coefficenat are recorded on April 10 although solar radiation is weak. From the distribution of extinction coefficient we can find that aerosol particles of 0.1 $\mum \sim 1.0 \mum$ in diameter are highly effective on light extinction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.966-973
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• 2005

The stress concentration ratio in accordance with area replacement ratios were considered as core elements of design. However, the stress concentration ratio will be vary depends on progress of consolidation in clay ground. And, since it is not sure to know the affecting factors accurately, the value is decided based on field experiences. To use SCP method more effective and correspond to soil improvement, the decision on proper area replacement ratio through the exact stress concentration ratio is very important. Accordingly, a numerical analysis on influence of various factors that needed to make rational designing guide for decision of proper area replacement ratio to stress concentration ratio was executed in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.585-589
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• 2006

Comparison between photocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis were performed in lab-scale experiments for the treatment of benomyl. The effect of operational parameters, i.e., initial benomyl concentration, $TiO_2$ concentration, $H_2O_2$ concentration on the degradation rate of aqueous solution of benomyl has been examined. The optimal conditions for photocatalysis and sonophotocatalysis processes were determined: initial Benomyl concentration was 3 mg/L, the concentration of $TiO_2$ was 2 g/L and $H_2O_2$concentration was 1.5 mM. Under the optimal conditions, sonophotocatalysis was effective for inducing faster degradation of the benomyl.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.171-174
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• 2010

MAO (micro-arc oxidation) is an eco-friendly convenient and effective technology to deposit high-quality oxide coatings on the surfaces of Ti, Al, Mg and their alloys. The roles of the electrolyte concentration and relative cathode electrode area sizes in the grown oxide film during titanium MAO were investigated. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the lower the $R_{total}A$ value. The oxide film produced by the lower concentration of the electrolyte is thinner and less uniform than the film by the higher concentration, which is thick and porous. The cathode area size must be bigger than the anode area size in order to minimize the voltage drop across the cathode. The ratio of the cathode area size to the anode area size must be bigger than 8. Otherwise, the cathode will be another source for voltage drop, which is detrimental to and slows down the oxide growth.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.189-202
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• 2019

During thermal power coal-fired boiler operation, it is very important to detect the pulverized coal concentration in the air pipeline for the boiler combustion stability and economic security. Because the current measurement methods used by power plants are often involved with large measurement errors and unable to monitor the pulverized coal concentration in real-time, a new method is needed. In this paper, a new method based on microwave circular waveguide is presented. High Frequency Electromagnetic Simulation (HFSS) software was used to construct a simulation model for measuring pulverized coal concentration in power plant pipeline. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments were done to find the effective microwave emission frequency, installation angle, the type of antenna probe, antenna installation distance and other important parameters. Finally, field experiment in Jilin Thermal Power Plant proved that with selected parameters, the measuring device accurately reflected the changes in the concentration of pulverized coal.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.1 s.32
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• pp.80-98
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate anti-oxydative, anti-tumor effect for clinical application of Whakijogyungtang (WJT) Results : 1. DPPH radical scavenging activities of WJT water extracts(Exts) were in proportion as concentration of WJT.(3 ${\mu}g/ml:12.6{\pm}2.3$ %) 2. ABTS+ scavenging activities of WJT water Exts were more effective in high density.(3 ${\mu}g/ml:4.3{\pm}1.6$ %, 10 ${\mu}g/ml$: $11.8{\pm}2.5$ %, 30 ${\mu}g/ml:45.3{\pm}3.2%$ 100 ${\mu}g/ml$: $62.7{\pm}4.8%$) 3. Hydrogen peroxide$(H_2O_2)$ scavenging activities of WJT water Exts were effective.(3 ${\mu}g/ml:4.7{\pm}0.8$ %, 10 ${\mu}g/ml: $8.2{\pm}1.6$ %, 30 ${\mu}g/ml:19.5{\pm}3.2$ % 100 ${\mu}g/ml$: $24.6{\pm}3.8$ %) 4. Anti oxidative effects against linoleic acid were not effective. 5. The generation of $O_2\;^-$ in S-180 cells were according to the concentration of WJT water Exts, specially effective over 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration. 6. The SOD activities in S-180 cells were in proportion as cytotoxicity against S-180 cells of WJT water Exts. 7. The GPx activities in S-180 cells were in proportion as cytotoxicity against S-180 cells of WJT water Exts(more effective on 300 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 1000 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration), but the catalase activities in S-180 cells were not effective. 8. The results of activites against multi-drug-resistance(MDR) of WJT were as follows. 1) In water Exts from WJT, cytotoxicity against AML-2/D100 with vincristine($IC_{50:}39.78$ ${\mu}g/ml$) was more effective than without vincristine($IC_{50:}$ 183.58 ${\mu}g/ml$), Cross resistance(CR:3.85) was not effective, and anti-MDR activites(RF) was effective.(RF:3.85) 2) In hexane fraction, cytotoxicity against AML-2/D100 with vincristine ($IC_{50:}130.88$ ${\mu}g/ml$) was more effective than without vincristine ($IC_{50:}293.10$ ${\mu}g/ml$) and anti-MDR activites(RF) was effective.(RF:4.61) 3) In chloroform fraction, the cytotoxicity against AML-2/WT and AML-2/D100 was not effective. 4) In ethyl acetate fraction, cytotoxicity against AML-2/D100 with vincristine($IC_{50:}36.43$ ${\mu}g/ml$) was more effective than without vincristine ($IC_{50:}73.07$ ${\mu}g/ml$), Cross resistance(CR:0.53) was not effective, and anti-MDR activites(RF) was effective.(RF:2) 5) In butanol fraction, the cytotoxicity against AML-2/WT and AML-2/D100 was not effective. 6) In $H_2O$ fraction, the cytotoxicity against AML-2/WT and AML-2/D100 was not effective. Conclusion : These result suggest that WJT has antioxidative effects, anti-tumor effects by apoptosis of free radical$(O_2\;^-)$ activity, and anti-MDR activites(especially hexane and ethyl acetate fraction).