• 제목/요약/키워드: Effective Dose Rate

검색결과 517건 처리시간 0.033초

인간 남성호르몬 비의존형 전립선 PC-3 암세포에서 감마선의 Caspase-의존성 세포자멸사 유도 효과 (Gamma Irradiation Induces a Caspase-dependent Apoptotic Mechanism in Human Prostate Cancer PC-3 Cells)

  • 장정현;김동현;전계록;권헌영
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제18권8호
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    • pp.1042-1048
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    • 2008
  • 전립선 암은 현대 남성에게 걸리기 쉬운 질환으로 매년 점점 증가하는 암 사망률 중 하나이다. 하지만 남성호르몬 비의존형 전립선 암 치료에 대한 효과가 거의 없어 이에 본 연구에서는 남성호르몬 비의존형 전립선 암세포인 PC-3 세포에서 감마선이 세포 성장 억제와 세포자멸사 기작에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 5가지 방법으로 즉, 세포증식 억제, apoptotic cell의 형태학적 변화, DNA 분절 분석, AV/PI 염색, western blot 분석법을 사용하여 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 감마선을 처리한 PC-3세포에서 형태학적(분절화) 변화와 DNA ladder가 관찰되었다. 또한 감마선을 처리한PC-3세포에서는 apoptosis와 관련된 Caspase3와 PARP cleavage가 유발되었고 Bax 단백질 증가도 보였다.

마황용량에 따른 이상반응에 관한 예비연구: 무작위배정이중맹검시험 (Adverse Effects of Ma-huang according to Dose : A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study)

  • 형례창;이태호;손동혁;여진주;양창섭;서의석;장인수
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.188-196
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    • 2006
  • Background: Ma-huang (Ephedra sinica) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease in oriental medicine for over a hundred years. Ma-huang preparations contain approximately 1.25% ephedrine alkaloids. Recently, the ephedra alkaloids have received much press lately due to adverse effects in those using whole extracts as 'dietary supplements' for weight loss or athletic performance enhancement, and these reports are troubling given the increasing use of Ma-huang by the general public. The purpose of this report is to determine the proper dosage to minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value. Objectives : The object of this study was to find an effective yet low risk dosage of Ma-huang. Methods : The study was designed as a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The subjects of this study were 26 adults between 20 to 40 of age who agreed to participate in this study. They were allocated through randomization into three groups. Each group took three opaque capsules three times a day. A group (N=9) took one Ma-huang capsule and two placebo capsules, B group (N=8) took two Ma-huang capsules and one placebo capsule, C group (N=9) took three Ma-huang capsules. The total trial periods was two days. To compare the adverse effects of Ma-huang according to dosage, blood pressure and pulse were checked, and other adverse effects were assessed using a morning questionnaire, patient's global assessment scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating. Results : The following result were obtained: 1. After taking 18 g of Ma-huang per day, pulse rate had a significant increase. 2. After taking more than 6 g of Ma-huang per day, palpitation would be increased significantly. 3. After taking more than 18 g of Ma-huang per day, tiredness would be increased significantly. Conclusion: According to the results, 12 g of Ma-huang per day will minimize adverse effects and maximize the potential curative value.

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PLS 선형가속기 진공계의 운전특성 (Operatonal characteristics of the PLS linac vacuum system)

  • 김임경;박용정;김경렬;남궁원
    • 한국진공학회지
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.269-277
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    • 1996
  • PLS 선형가속기 진공계는 클라이스트론 첨두출력 54MW, 펄스폭 4.1$\mu \textrm s$, 반복율 10Hz의 마이크로파 전력 공급상태에서 $2.6\times 10^{-6}$Pa의 진공도를 유지하고 있으며 $45^{\circ}C$ 운전조건에서 마이크로파 전력이 공급되지 않았을 때 진공도는 $2.4\times 10^{-6}$Pa이다. 설치 초기에 $3.0\times 10^{-11}Torr-l/sec-\textrm{cm}^2$이었던 가스방출율은 각 가속단위마다 약 140 GJ의 마이크로파 에너지가 전파된 현재 $1\times 10^{-12}Torr-l/sec-\textrm{cm}^2$이다. 주 장비로 사용중인 이온펌프는 모두 포화된 상태이며 60 l/s, 120 l/s, 230 l/s 이온펌프의 유효배기속도는 운전 영역에서 각각 45 l/s, 65 l/s, 140 l/s이다. 진공계 운전중 야기된 문제점들로는 이온펌프 및 진공 게이지 전원제어기의 오동작, 에너지 배가장치의 출력창, 전자총 및 가속관 종단부하의 진공누출 등이었다. 최근 일년간 총 41회에 140.8시간 운전 중지를 경험하여 98%의 가용도(availability)를 나타내었다. 추후 시험중인 도파관 밸브와 개발중인 가속관 종단부하가 설치된다면 가용도를 99.5% 이상으로 증가시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

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광어(Paralichtys olivaceus)의 스쿠치카감염증(感染症) -스쿠치카섬모충(纖毛蟲)의 배양성상(培養性状).약제감수성(藥劑感受性).병원성(病源性)-

  • 길수 수;일향진일;오 명주;생도삼내자;목촌교구;삼 립성;야촌철일;회면량남
    • 한국어병학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.205-218
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    • 1993
  • On the development of hirame(Paratichtys olivaceus) culture, outbreak of scuticociliata infection was reported to cause severe damage in Japan. To establish effective measures for isolation and cultivation of this ciliate, we tried to culture this pathogenic ciliate using medium for bacteria and fish cell lines in vitro. Scuticociliata from the brain tissues of infected fish was aseptically inoculated to CHSE-214 cells cultured in MEM-10 without antibiotic. Scuticociliata grew well and the number of ciliate reached $10^6\;cells/ml$ at temperatures of $15^{\circ}C$ to $20^{\circ}C$ for 10d. The number of ciliate cultured in the cell lines is 10 times higher than the numbers cultured in the liquid medium alone. This ciliata could be cloned by dilution method. Scuticociliata isolated could grow well on 42 different cell lines that were established from marine fish, warm freshwater fish, and salmonids. This ciliate could be preserved in liquid nitrogen for more than 6 months. Subsequently, we observed the optimal temperature and salinity for growth, and tested the sensitivities of this organism to formaldehyde, flagyl(Metronidazole), Ekuteshin(Combination compound of sulfamonometoxin and ormethoprim), and ozonixation. Optimal temperature for growth was $25^{\circ}C$ and salinity was 1.0 to 1.5%. Washed scuticociliata was killed by formaldehyde at the concentration of 50ppm for 10min, but was not completely killed even at a high concentration of 400ppm for 20min in MEM-5. Flagyl and Ekuteshin can inhibit the growth of scuticociliata at the concentration of 1,000 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ in MEM-10, respectively. More than 99% of this scuticociliata could be killed by ozonization at a dose equivalent to $1.0mg/\ell$ oxidant for 30sec in sea water. Isolated scuticociliata showed the pathogenicity to the cultured hirame by artificial infection(I. P. injection, $10^5\;cells$/fish). The number of scuticociliata in the water could be counted by most probable number(MPN) method using tissue culture, and the minimum detectable number was $1.8\;cells/\ell$. The number in the reservoir tank for water supply to the culture tank was 110 cells/l. After cleaning by elimination of the sediments from of the reservoir tank and disinfected with formaldehyde, number of scuticociliata decreased and was counted less than $1.8\;cells/\ell$ and infection rate of cultured hirame was decreased.

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Forskolin과 Cholera Toxin이 배양중인 생쥐 난자의 성숙에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Forskolin and Cholera Toxin on the Maturation of Mouse Oocytes In Vitro)

  • 김찬성;조완규
    • 한국동물학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.181-189
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    • 1986
  • 본 연구는 adenylate cyclase의 촉진제인 forskolin과 cholera toxin이 생쥐난자의 핵막붕괴 및 cAMP 합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 수행되었다. 체외난자 배양방법과 adenylate cyclase assay 방법을 이용한 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 생쥐난자를 4시간 배양한 결과 대조군의 핵막붕괴율은 93%인데 반해서 forskolin (20-40$\\mu$g/ml)이 함유된 배양액에서 배양한 난자의 핵막붕괴율은 56-36%로써, forskolin의 농도에 비례하여 생쥐난자의 핵막붕괴가 현저하게 억제되었다. Forskolin (80 $\\mu$g/ml)을 3시간 처리한 후, 난자를 forskolin이 제거된 배양액으로 옮겼을 때 난자의 핵막붕괴율이 대조군과 비슷한 정도를 나타내고 있어 forskolin에 의한 핵막붕괴 억제현상은 가역적이었다. 한편, cholera toxin (10-1,000 ng/ml)은 생쥐난자의 핵막붕괴를 억제시키지 못했다. Forskolin (10-80 $\\mu$g/ml)을 생쥐난자 추출물에 첨가할 경우 cAMP합성이 5-18배 증가되었으나, cholera toxin (10-1,000 ng/ml)은 효과가 없었다. 덧붙여, adenylate cyclase의 regulatory unit의 촉진제인 guanidylimido-diphosphate (100$\\mu$M)를 forskolin과 함께 처리하여도 forskolin만 처리한 실험군에 비하여 cAMP합성정도에 변화가 없었다. 또한, cholera toxin과 guanidylimido-diphosphate(100$\\mu$M)를 함께 처리하여도 생쥐난자의 cAMP합성은 증가되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 forskolin에 의한 생쥐난자의 핵막붕괴 억제 현상은 난자내의 cAMP농도가 높아짐으로써 야기된 것이라 추측되며, 난자내의 cAMP 농도의 변화가 생쥐난자 성숙에 중요한 역할을 수행할 것이라고 사료된다.

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DAF를 이용한 정수처리 공정에서의 오존 적용성 평가 (Evaluation of Ozone Application for Drinking Water Treatment Process Using DAF)

  • 강태희;오병수;정연정;권순범;손병용;강준원
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제27권6호
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    • pp.567-572
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구에서는 용존공기부상법(DAF)을 이용한 정수처리 공정에 오존을 도입하기 위하여 실험실 규모의 실험이 수행되었다. 오존의 수처리 적용시 공정제어 인자로 활용할 수 있는 I.D, $k_c$, 오존-Ct 및 OH 라디칼-Ct 등에 대한 반응속도론적 연구를 실시하였다. 또한 원수, DAF 처리수 및 여과수에 대한 오존처리 실험을 실시하여 오존공정의 최적 위치 및 주입량을 도출하였다. 실험 결과 오존-Ct와 OH 라디칼-Ct는 DAF 처리수에서 가장 높게 측정되었으며, DAF 공정의 체류시간인 30분 이후에도 계속적으로 유지되었다. 또한 각 공정수에 대한 오존처리 실험을 실시한 결과, 중오존이 전 후오존에 비해 높은 효율을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 나타났으며, 최적 오존주입농도는 $1{\sim}2\;mg/L$로 판단되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 중오존 / DAF(ozoflotation) 공정 도입을 위한 기초자료로서 활용하고자 하였다.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Brainstem Metastasis

  • Yoo, Tae-Won;Park, Eun-Suk;Kwon, Do-Hoon;Kim, Chang-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.299-303
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    • 2011
  • Objective : Brainstem metastases are rarely operable and generally unresponsive to conventional radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Recently, Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) was used as feasible treatment option for brainstem metastasis. The present study evaluated our experience of brainstem metastasis which was treated with GKRS. Methods : Between November 1992 and June 2010, 32 patients (23 men and 9 women, mean age 56.1 years, range 39-73) were treated with GKRS for brainstem metastases. There were metastatic lesions in pons in 23, the midbrain in 6, and the medulla oblongata in 3 patients, respectively. The primary tumor site was lung in 21, breast in 3, kidney in 2 and other locations in 6 patients. The mean tumor volume was $1,517mm^3$ (range, 9-6,000), and the mean marginal dose was 15.9 Gy (range, 6-23). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was obtained every 2-3 months following GKRS. Follow-up MRI was possible in 24 patients at a mean follow-up duration of 12.0 months (range, 1-45). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the prognostic factors. Results : Follow-up MRI showed tumor disappearance in 6, tumor shrinkage in 14, no change in tumor size in 1, and tumor growth in 3 patients, which translated into a local tumor control rate of 87.5% (21 of 24 tumors). The mean progression free survival was 12.2 months (range, 2-45) after GKRS. Nine patients were alive at the completion of the study, and the overall mean survival time after GKRS was 7.7 months (range, 1-22). One patient with metastatic melanoma experienced intratumoral hemorrhage during the follow-up period. Survival was found to be associated with score of more than 70 on Karnofsky performance status and low recursive partitioning analysis class (class 1 or 2), in terms of favorable prognostic factors. Conclusion : GKRS was found to be safe and effective for management of brainstem metastasis. The integral clinical status of patient seems to be important in determining the overall survival time.

Intravenous contrast media application using cone-beam computed tomography in a rabbit model

  • Kim, Min-Sung;Kim, Bok-Yeol;Choi, Hwa-Young;Choi, Yoon-Joo;Oh, Song-Hee;Kang, Ju-Hee;Lee, Sae-Rom;Kang, Ju-Han;Kim, Gyu-Tae;Choi, Yong-Suk;Hwang, Eui-Hwan
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.31-39
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of visualizing soft tissue lesions and vascular structures using contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CE-CBCT) after the intravenous administration of a contrast medium in an animal model. Materials and Methods: CBCT was performed on six rabbits after a contrast medium was administered using an injection dose of 2 mL/kg body weight and an injection rate of 1 mL/s via the ear vein or femoral vein under general anesthesia. Artificial soft tissue lesions were created through the transplantation of autologous fatty tissue into the salivary gland. Volume rendering reconstruction, maximum intensity projection, and multiplanar reconstruction images were reconstructed and evaluated in order to visualize soft tissue contrast and vascular structures. Results: The contrast enhancement of soft tissue was possible using all contrast medium injection parameters. An adequate contrast medium injection parameter for facilitating effective CE-CBCT was a 5-mL injection before exposure combined with a continuous 5-mL injection during scanning. Artificial soft tissue lesions were successfully created in the animals. The CE-CBCT images demonstrated adequate opacification of the soft tissues and vascular structures. Conclusion: Despite limited soft tissue resolution, the opacification of vascular structures was observed and artificial soft tissue lesions were visualized with sufficient contrast to the surrounding structures. The vascular structures and soft tissue lesions appeared well delineated in the CE-CBCT images, which was probably due to the superior spatial resolution of CE-CBCT compared to other techniques, such as multislice computed tomography.

Sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Antimalarial Drugs in Hainan Island, China

  • Wang, Shan-Qing;Wang, Guang-Ze;Li, Yu-Chun;Meng, Feng;Lin, Shi-Gan;Zhu, Zhen-Hu;Sun, Ding-Wei;He, Chang-Hua;Hu, Xi-Min;Du, Jian-Wei
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제53권1호
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    • pp.35-41
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    • 2015
  • Pyronaridine and artesunate have been shown to be effective in falciparum malaria treatment. However, pyronaridine is rarely used in Hainan Island clinically, and artesunate is not widely used as a therapeutic agent. Instead, conventional antimalarial drugs, chloroquine and piperaquine, are used, explaining the emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In this article, we investigated the sensitivity of P. falciparum to antimalarial drugs used in Hainan Island for rational drug therapy. We performed in vivo (28 days) and in vitro tests to determine the sensitivity of P. falciparum to antimalarial drugs. Total 46 patients with falciparum malaria were treated with dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine phosphate (DUO-COTECXIN) and followed up for 28 day. The cure rate was 97.8%. The mean fever clearance time ($22.5{\pm}10.6hr$) and the mean parasite clearance time ($27.3{\pm}12.2hr$) showed no statistical significance with different genders, ages, temperatures, or parasite density (P>0.05). The resistance rates of chloroquine, piperaquine, pyronarididine, and artesunate detected in vitro were 71.9%, 40.6%, 12.5%, and 0%, respectively (P<0.0001). The resistance intensities decreased as follows: chloroquine>piperaquine>pyronarididine>artesunate. The inhibitory dose 50 ($IC_{50}$) was $3.77{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, $2.09{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, $0.09{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, and $0.05{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, and the mean concentrations for complete inhibition (CIMC) of schizont formation were $5.60{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, $9.26{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, $0.55{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, and $0.07{\times}10^{-6}mol/L$, respectively. Dihydroartemisinin showed a strong therapeutic effect against falciparum malaria with a low toxicity.

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer

  • Kang, Ki Mun;Jeong, Bae Kwon;Ha, In Bong;Chai, Gyu Young;Lee, Gyeong Won;Kim, Hoon Gu;Kang, Jung Hoon;Lee, Won Seob;Kang, Myoung Hee
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.140-145
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    • 2012
  • Purpose: Combined chemoradiotherapy is standard management for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), but standard treatment for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC has not been confirmed yet. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for elderly patients with LA-NSCLC. Materials and Methods: Among patients older than 65 years with LA-NSCLC, 36 patients, who underwent CCRT were retrospectively analyzed. Chemotherapy was administered 3-5 times with 4 weeks interval during radiotherapy. Thoracic radiotherapy was delivered to the primary mass and regional lymph nodes. Total dose of 54-59.4 Gy (median, 59.4 Gy) in daily 1.8 Gy fractions and 5 fractions per week. Results: Regarding the response to treatment, complete response, partial response, and no response were shown in 16.7%, 66.7%, and 13.9%, respectively. The 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were 58.2% and 31.2%, respectively, and the median survival was 15 months. The 1- and 2-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 41.2% and 19.5%, respectively, and the median PFS was 10 months. Regarding to the toxicity developed after CCRT, pneumonitis and esophagitis with grade 3 or higher were observed in 13.9% (5 patients) and 11.1% (4 patients), respectively. Treatment-related death was not observed. Conclusion: The treatment-related toxicity as esophagitis and pneumonitis were noticeably lower when was compared with the previously reported results, and the survival rate was higher than radiotherapy alone. The results indicate that CCRT is an effective in terms of survival and treatment related toxicity for elderly patients over 65 years old with LA-NSCLC.