• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.234-257
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• 2000

At present in the medical care, the study and effort for producing health service to consider efficiency, effectiveness, and quality are urgently called for because of the difficulty in the keen competition according to the inter- nationalization and opening, the operation in the medical institution service testing system, the change in the medical policy of KDRGs, and the lack of the health care cost increasing rate. As an alternative, the case management for the new management system is introduced in the U.S., and the Critical Pathway that is the method designing the contents of activity and its result has been developed and applied in order to anticipate and manage the patient-outcome for the realization of the cost-effective case-management. Thus, this study intended to analyze the effectiveness to obtain by developing the Critical Pathway presented as the method to improve the quality-betterment and cost effectiveness through the continuous and consistent patient management for the hysterectomy patient and applying it to the real practice. As a study method, this author formed a conceptual framework through considering five Critical Pathway used in the current U.S. and three Critical Pathway presented in the literature to develop the Critical Pathway for the hysterectomy patient, and made out the preliminary Critical Pathway through reviewing the old chart. This author made the verified the validity of the expert group about the developed Critical Pathway, and to confirm the possibility of practice application, completed and settled the final Critical Pathway after using the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient from March 1st to 15th, 1997. Finally, to analyze the application-effect of the developed Critical Pathway, this author offered health care service applying the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient from April 15th to August 31th, 1997. The guide for the Critical Pathway was carried out in advance by outpatient setting nurse for outpatient setting visit before the operation, and after hospitalization the primary nurse monitored the execution degree on the every duty. After discharge this author surveyed the complication through phone visiting, and one month after discharge surveyed the patient's reaction about the offered service when outpatient setting visit and analyzed the result. The source for health care cost was obtained by the statistics about the hospital charge which was offered by the General Business Department. The results were as follows. 1. It was decided that the vertical line of the Critical Pathway was made up of eight items such as monitoring/assessment, treatment, line/drains, activity, medication, lab test, diet, patient teaching, and the horizontal line of the Critical Pathway was made up of from hospitalization to discharge. 2. After the analysis of service contents through reviewing the old chart, it was decided that the horizontal line of the preliminary Critical Pathway was made up of from hopitalization to fourth postoperative day, and the vertical line of it was divided into eight items which were the contents to occur with the time frame of the horizontal line. 3. After the verifying the validity of the expert group about the preliminary Critical Pathway, the horizontal line was amended from hopitalization to third postoperative day, and taking their consensus, some contents of the horizontal line was amended and deleted. 4. From March 1st to 15th, 1997, to confirm the clinical suitability, this author offered eight hysterectomy patients the medical service through the Critical Pathway. The result was that three of them could be discharged at the expected discharge day, and the others later than that day. Supplementing the preliminary Critical Pathway through analyzing the cause of that delay- case, this author developed the final Critical Pathway. 5. There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group in the incidence of complication(P > 0.05). 6. The 92.4% of experimental group was satisfied with the Critical Pathway service. 7. The length of hospital stay of the experimental group offered with the Critical Pathway service was 4.6 days and there was a significant difference that it was 1.3 days shorter than that of the control group(t=-29.514, P=0.000). 8. There wsa a significant difference that the mean medical charge per one patient of the experimental group offered the Critical Pathway service was cheaper \124,150 than that of the control group(t=-9.826, P=0.000). 9. The result that the author assumed and analyzed hospital income with the rate of turning bed was assumed that the increase of hospital income was \63,245,072 for that study, and the income increase was expected with \68,704,864 for a year. The result that this author applied the Critical Pathway to the hysterectomy patient have no differences in the incidence of complication, high satisfaction with that service, and the length of hospital stay decreased in the experimental group, and the mean hospital charge per one patient decreased, but hospital income increased. Suggestions for further study and nursing practice are as follows. 1. The study to apply the Critical Pathway for a year, verify the validity, and measure the effect repeatedly is needed. 2. To apply and manage the Critical Pathway effectively, the study to computerize it is needed. 3. The study to develop hospital-based Critical Pathway about other diseases or procedure, and measure the effect is needed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.207-211
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• 1985

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 비음(庇陰)(Light: 100, 80, 60, 40, 20%) 및 시비(施肥) (다비(多肥); N30kg-$P_2O_5\;35kg-K_2O\;30kg$, 보비(普肥); N20kg-$P_2O_5\;25kg-K_2O\;20kg$, 소비(少肥); N10kg-$P_2O_5\;15kg-K_2O\;10kg$) 조건하(條件下)에서 재배(栽培)된 혼합목초(混合牧草) 및 orchardgrass와 나지(裸地)에서 재배(栽培)된 혼합목초(混合牧草) 및 혼합야초(混合野草)를 재래산양(山羊)에 공시(供試)하여 비음(庇陰)이 채식기호성(採食嗜好性)에 미치는 영향과, 비음도(庇陰度) 50%의 임간초지(林間草地)와 나지초지(裸地草地)에서 재래산양을 공시하여 비음(庇陰)이 방목습성(放牧習性)에 미치는 영향을 구명하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)은 $1983{\sim}1984$년 까지 충남대학교 시험포장에서 실시되었으며 얻어진 시험결과(試驗結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 임간재배(林間栽培) 목초(牧草)의 건물(乾物)섭취량, R.I.I 및 Touch number는 비음도(庇陰度) 및 시비수준(施肥水準)에 따라 영향을 받았으며 비음도(庇陰度) 및 시비수준(施肥水準)이 증가함에 따라 $NO_3-N$(%)가 증가된 반면에 soluble carbohydrate(%)는 감소되는 경향이었다. 따라서 임간초지(林間草地)에서는 가축(家畜)의 기호성(嗜好性) 감소에 따른 초지이용(草地利用)의 저하가 염려되며 특히 비음도(庇陰度) 60% 및 다비조건하(多肥條件下)에서는 nitrate stress가 예상된다. 2. 임간초지(林間草地)의 방목습성(放牧習性)은 일반초지(一般草地)에 비하여 채식시간(採食時間)이 증가되고 일중(日中)의 주(主) 채식시간(採食時間)도 편중됨이 없이 계속해서 채식하는 경향을 나타낸다. 따라서 임간초지(林間草地)의 이용(利用)은 비음(庇陰)의 특성(特性)을 고려하여 8월(月) 고온기(高溫期) 집중이용(集中利用)하는 것이 효과적(效果的)이라 생각된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2007

배경: 새가슴 환자들은 돌출된 앞가슴으로 인해 옷을 입어도 표시가 나서 미용적인 불편함을 호소한다. 이의 치료법으로는 돌출된 늑연골을 절제하는 외과적 수술법을 시행하는데 이는 광범위한 수술 상처 및 통증, 수술 후의 합병증 등을 유발할 수가 있다. 이에 비수술적 치료법으로 교정기를 이용한 치료법을 시행하였으며 교정을 통한 치료의 유용성과 효과 등을 평가하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 새가슴으로 본원에서 교정기를 이용한 치료를 시행 받은 환자들 중 하루 종일 착용을 한 환자들 109명을 대상으로 진행을 하였다. 교정을 시작 후 $6\sim9$ 개월이 지난 후 환자의 만족도를 조사하였다. 만족도의 평가는 1에서 4까지로 하여 1은 전혀 교정이 안된 경우, 2는 아주 약간 교정이 된 경우, 3은 어느 정도의 교정 효과는 있으나 현저히 좋아졌다고는 생각하지 않는 경우, 4는 아주 현저히 교정이 되었다고 생각하는 경우로 하였다. 어린이의 경우는 보호자의 주관적인 평가를 받았고 중학생 이상의 연령에서는 환자가 직접 만족도를 평가하도록 하였다. 결과: 전체적인 만족도의 평균 점수는 $3.93{\pm}0.33$이었다. 또한 109명 중 6명(5.5%)에서 교정기를 제거 후 재발이 있었으며 6명 중 4명은 본인이 임의로 교정을 중단한 환자였다. 6명 모두가 다시 교정기 착용 후 3개월 이내에 재교정 효과를 보았다. 압박 교정의 합병증으로는 109명의 환자들에게서 모두 나타난 처음 교정기를 착용할 때 느끼는 불편함, 76명(69.7%)에서 나타난 교정기로 인한 피부발진과 16명(5.5%)에서 나타난 교정기의 과도한 압박으로 인한 피부 변색 외에 특별한 부작용은 없었다. 피부발진과 피부 변색은 교정기 제거 후 수개월 내에 정상으로 돌아왔다. 결론: 새가슴 환자들에게 교정기를 이용한 비수술적 치료법은 어린이와 청소년들에서 별다른 부작용 없이 미용적으로 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 교정기를 이용한 비수술적 치료는 마취와 수술에 대한 두려움 등으로 수술을 기피하는 새가슴 환자들에게 수술의 대안치료법으로 도움이 되리라 생각된다. 그러나 정확한 치료효과와 재발에 관하여서는 장기적인 추적 관찰이 필요하다.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.77-96
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• 1997

The duty shifts of hospital nurses not only affect nurses' physical and mental health but also present various personnel management problems which often result in high turnover rates. In this context a study was carried out from October to November 1995 for a period of two months to find out the status of hospital nurses' duty shift patterns, and preferred duty hours and fixed duty shifts. The study population was 867 RNs working in five general hospitals located in Seoul and its vicinity. The questionnaire developed by the writer was used for data collection. The response rate was 85.9 percent or 745 returns. The SAS program was used for data analysis with the computation of frequencies, percentages and Chi square test. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. General characteristics of the study population: 56 percent of respondents was (25 years group and 76.5 percent were "single": the predominant proportion of respondents was junior nursing college graduates(92.2%) and have less than 5 years nursing experience in hospitals(65.5%). For their future working plan in nursing profession, nearly 50% responded as uncertain The reasons given for their career plan was predominantly 'personal growth and development' rather than financial reasons. 2. The interval for rotations of duty stations was found to be mostly irregular(56.4%) while others reported as weekly(16.1%), monthly(12.9%), and fixed terms(4.6%). 3. The main problems related to duty shifts particularly the evening and night duty nurses reported were "not enough time for the family, " "afraid of security problems after the work when returning home late at night." and "lack of leisure time". "problems in physical and physiological adjustment." "problems in family life." "lack of time for interactions with fellow nurses" etc. 4. The forty percent of respondents reported to have '1-2 times' of duty shift rotations while all others reported that '0 time'. '2-3 times'. 'more than 3 times' etc. which suggest the irregularity in duty shift rotations. 5. The majority(62.8%) of study population found to favor the rotating system of duty stations. The reasons for favoring the rotation system were: the opportunity for "learning new things and personal development." "better human relations are possible. "better understanding in various duty stations." "changes in monotonous routine job" etc. The proportion of those disfavor the rotating 'system was 34.7 percent. giving the reasons of"it impedes development of specialization." "poor job performances." "stress factors" etc. Furthermore. respondents made the following comments in relation to the rotation of duty stations: the nurses should be given the opportunity to participate in the. decision making process: personal interest and aptitudes should be considered: regular intervals for the rotations or it should be planned in advance. etc. 6. For the future career plan. the older. married group with longer nursing experiences appeared to think the nursing as their lifetime career more likely than the younger. single group with shorter nursing experiences ($x^2=61.19.{\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=41.55.{\;}p=.000$). The reason given for their future career plan regardless of length of future service, was predominantly "personal growth and development" rather than financial reasons. For further analysis, the group those with the shorter career plan appeared to claim "financial reasons" for their future career more readily than the group who consider the nursing job as their lifetime career$(x^2$= 11.73, p=.003) did. This finding suggests the need for careful .considerations in personnel management of nursing administration particularly when dealing with the nurses' career development. The majority of respondents preferred the fixed day shift. However, further analysis of those preferred evening shift by age and civil status, "< 25 years group"(15.1%) and "single group"(13.2) were more likely to favor the fixed evening shift than > 25 years(6.4%) and married(4.8%)groups. This differences were statistically significant ($x^2=14.54, {\;}p=.000;{\;}x^2=8.75, {\;}p=.003$). 7. A great majority of respondents(86.9% or n=647) found to prefer the day shifts. When the four different types of duty shifts(Types A. B. C, D) were presented, 55.0 percent of total respondents preferred the A type or the existing one followed by D type(22.7%). B type(12.4%) and C type(8.2%). 8. When the condition of monetary incentives for the evening(20% of salary) and night shifts(40% of. salary) of the existing duty type was presented. again the day shift appeared to be the most preferred one although the rate was slightly lower(66.4% against 86.9%). In the case of evening shift, with the same incentive, the preference rates for evening and night shifts increased from 11.0 to 22.4 percent and from 0.5 to 3.0 percent respectively. When the age variable was controlled. < 25 yrs group showed higher rates(31.6%. 4.8%) than those of > 25 yrs group(15.5%. 1.3%) respectively preferring the evening and night shifts(p=.000). The civil status also seemed to operate on the preferences of the duty shifts as the single group showed lower rate(69.0%) for day duty against 83. 6% of the married group. and higher rates for evening and night duties(27.2%. 15.1%) respectively against those of the married group(3.8%. 1.8%) while a higher proportion of the married group(83. 6%) preferred the day duties than the single group(69.0%). These differences were found to be statistically all significant(p=.001). 9. The findings on preferences of three different types of fixed duty hours namely, B, C. and D(with additional monetary incentives) are as follows in order of preference: B type(12hrs a day, 3days a wk): day shift(64.1%), evening shift(26.1%). night shift(6.5%) C type(12hrs a day. 4days a wk) : evening shift(49.2%). day shift(32.8%), night shift(11.5%) D type(10hrs a day. 4days a wk): showed the similar trend as B type. The findings of higher preferences on the evening and night duties when the incentives are given. as shown above, suggest the need for the introductions of different patterns of duty hours and incentive measures in order to overcome the difficulties in rostering the nursing duties. However, the interpretation of the above data, particularly the C type, needs cautions as the total number of respondents is very small(n=61). It requires further in-depth study. In conclusion. it seemed to suggest that the patterns of nurses duty hours and shifts in the most hospitals in the country have neither been tried for different duty types nor been flexible. The stereotype rostering system of three shifts and insensitiveness for personal life aspect of nurses seemed to be prevailing. This study seems to support that irregular and frequent rotations of duty shifts may be contributing factors for most nurses' maladjustment problems in physical and mental health. personal and family life which eventually may result in high turnover rates. In order to overcome the increasing problems in personnel management of hospital nurses particularly in rostering of evening and night duty shifts, which may related to eventual high turnover rates, the findings of this study strongly suggest the need for an introduction of new rostering systems including fixed duties and appropriate incentive measures for evenings and nights which the most nurses want to avoid, In considering the nursing care of inpatients is the round-the clock business. the practice of the nursing duty shift system is inevitable. In this context, based on the findings of this study. the following are recommended: 1. The further in-depth studies on duty shifts and hours need to be undertaken for the development of appropriate and effective rostering systems for hospital nurses. 2. An introduction of appropriate incentive measures for evening and night duty shifts along with organizational considerations such as the trials for preferred duty time bands, duty hours, and fixed duty shifts should be considered if good quality of care for the patients be maintained for the round the clock. This may require an initiation of systematic research and development activities in the field of hospital nursing administration as a part of permanent system in the hospital. 3. Planned and regular intervals, orientation and training, and professional and personal growth should be considered for the rotation of different duty stations or units. 4. In considering the higher degree of preferences in the duty type of "10hours a day, 4days a week" shown in this study, it would be worthwhile to undertake the R&D type studies in large hospital settings.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.81-115
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• 1992

The problem addressed by this study was to determine the effect of nurse - patient agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period of primiparous mothers. It was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would result in hegher self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance. This purpose was to contribute to the planning of nursing care to enhance self- confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance and to the development of relevant nursing theory. Especially, the early postpartum period is crucial toward in recovery from childbirth and attainment of the maternal role. Maternal role attaintment is a complex social and cognitive process of stimulus -response accomplished by learning. Most women attain the maternal role sucessfully. But, some primiparous mothers experience difficultites in attainment of the maternal role due to lack of experience and knowledge. Self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance are important factors in attainment and adjustment to the maternal role (Mercer, 1981a, 1981b ; Lederman, Weigarten, and Lederman, 1981 :Bobak and Jensen, 1985). Nursing is defined as behaviors of nurses add patients that attain nursing goals through action, reaction, interaction, and transaction. For attainment of nursing goals, active participating transactions must occur by agreement on the means to achieve those goals through nurse -patient mutual goal setting and establishment of their active relationships(King, 1981, Ha, 1977). Based on King's theory of goal attainment (1981), this stuy was planned as a non-equivalent control group, non -synchronized quasi -experimental design using agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in early postpartum as the experimental treatment. The data were collected from July 20 to Sep. 1, 1991 by questionnaires with 60 primiparous mothers planing to breast feed after normal deliveries at W hospital in Pusan, Korea. The subjects were divided into a control group(conventional group) -those admitted from July 20 to Aug. 12, and an experimental group(agreement group) - those admitted from Aug. 13 to Sep. 1. The instument for agreement on the means to nursing goals in the early postpartum period included five steps - identification of disturbances of problems through action, reaction, and interaction with primiparous mothers : mutual early postpartal nursing goal setting : exploration of the means to achieve goals ; agreement on the means (self- care, ealry maternal -infant contact, performance of mothering behavior, and communicating about the infant's behavior and health condition) : implementation of the means. This instrument was developed on the basis of King's elements that lead to transactions in nurse-patient interactions. Lederman et al's (1981) scale for Confidence in ability to cope with tasks of motherhood and Lederman et al's(1981) scale for Mother's satisfaction with motherhood and infant care were used to measure self-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance ·with the subjects immediately after admission and on the day of discharge. Self-care performance in the experimental group was measured by self -evaluation tool developed by the investigator from the literature concerned. The tools to measure Pelf-confidence and satisfaction in maternal role performance, and the tool to measure self-evaluation of self-care performance were tested for internal reliability. Cronbach's Alphas were 0.94, 0.94, and 0.63. The data were analysed by using in S.P.S.S. computerized program and included percentage, x²-test, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The conclusions obtained from this study are summerized as follows : 1. The degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was above average with a mean score of 2.77(range 2.14-3.64). Out of 14 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(3.95), and ‘I have my doubts about whether I am a good mother’(2.87). Those with low mean scores were ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(2.28), ‘When the baby cries, I can tell what she /he wants’(2.37), and ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(2;50). That is, the self - confidence of Primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering, but rather low in activities concerning the infant care and understanding of the infant behavior. The degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the total subjects group measured before the experimental treatment was high with a mean score of 3.18(range 1.92-3.92). Out of 13 items, those with relatively high mean scores were ‘I am glad 1 had this baby now’(3.75), ‘I play with the baby between feedings when s/he is awake and quiet’(3.67), and ‘I enjoy being a mother’(3.27). Those with low mean scores were ‘I am upset about having too many responsibilities as a mother’(2.78), ‘It bothers me to get up for the baby at night’(2.82), and ‘I get annoyed if the baby frequently interrupts my activities’.(2.82), That is, the satisfaction of primiparous mothers was considerably high in mothering and infant care, but rather low in restraints in time or on the mother's self accomplishment and development. 2. Agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period included process of mutual goal setting, exploration of the means to achieve goals, and ahreement in concert means to achieve goals based on the mothers' condition, concerns, self-perception of the nurse - patient interactions. In the process of agreement, there was agreement that the means to achieve goals should be through trust and establishment of active relationships with the nurse through identification of problems according to planned nursing goals and active interaction, such as explanations, teaching, changing of opinions, acceptance or rejection of explanations, and proposing of questions. Therefore agreement on the means to achieve nursing goals in the early postpartum period appears to be an effective nursing intervention for primiparous mothers. 3. The degree of self- confidence in maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higher than that of the control group(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). Out of 14 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I would like to be a better mother than I am’(t＝1.93, p＜0.05), ‘I know that my baby wants most of the times’(t＝2.75, p＜0.01), ‘When the baby cries, 1 can tell what she/he wants’(t＝2.10, p＜0.05), ‘I have confidence in my ability to care for the baby’(t＝3.72, p＜0.01), ‘I trust my own judement in deciding how to care for the baby’(t＝1.96, p＜0.05), ‘I feel that I know my baby and what to do for him /her’(t＝2.44, p＜0.01), ‘I am concerned about being able to meet the baby's needs’(t＝2.87, p＜0.01), ‘I know what my baby likes and dislikes’(t＝3.26, p＜0.01), ‘I don't know to care for the baby as well as I should’(t＝2.07, p＜0.05), and ‘I am unsure about whether I give enough attention to the baby’(t＝3.04, p＜0.01), That is, the degree of self-confidence in mothering, activities concerning infant care, and understanding of infant behavior of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the first hypothesis, that the degree of self-confidence in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝3.95, p＜0.01). 4. The degree of satisfaction in the maternal role performance of the exprimental group was higer than that or the control group(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). Out of 13 items, those with higher score in the experimental group were ‘I am glad I had this baby now’(t＝2.29, p＜0.05), ‘I enjoy taking care of the baby’(t＝2.4g, p＜0.01), ‘It is boring for me to care for the baby and do the same thing over and over’(t＝2.87, P＜0.01), ‘I am unhappy with the amount of time I have for activities other than childcare’(t＝2.51, p＜0.01), and ‘When bathing and diapering the baby, I would like to be doing something else’(t＝2.43, p＜0.01). That is, the degree of satisfaction in mothering, infant care, and restraints in time of on the mother's self accomplishment and development in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the second hypothesis, that the degree of satisfaction in maternal role performance of the experimental group would be higher than that of the control group, was supported(t＝2.31, p＜0.05). 5. The third hypothesis, that the higher the degree of satisfaction in materenal role performance, the higher the degree of self-confidence in materenal role performance in the experimental group, was supported (r＝0.57, p＜0.01)

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2009

TerraSAR-X자료를 이용하여 고해상 X-밴드 SAR시스템을 이용한 조간대 갯벌 관측에의 적용 가능성을 시험하였다. 연구대상지 역은 강화도 남단과 영종도를 잇는 조간대이며, 단일편파자료와 이중편파자료를 이용하였다. 연구내용은 다음과 같은 세 가지로 분류된다. 첫째, X-밴드 영상에서의 연안의 레이더 반사도 특성 연구 및 waterline 추출 정밀도를 평가하였다. 연안지역의 waterline은 HH 편광자료의 레이더 반사도 특성을 통하여 추출하였을 때 가장 신뢰도가 높았으며, TerraSAR-X 시스템의 짧은 파장과 높은 궤도정밀도로 인하여 정밀한 지리좌표로의 변환이 가능하였다. 연구지역의 조간대 지형 경사도는 평균적으로 수평방향으로 60 m당 20 cm의 고도변화를 가지므로, TerraSAR-X HH 편광자료를 이용한 waterline 추출은 정밀한 조간대 DEM 추출로 응용될 수 있다. 둘째, 이중편파자료의 편파특성을 이용한 조간대 영생식물의 산란특성을 관측하였다. 조간대 수륙경계부에서 잘 관측되는 칠면초와 같은 염생식물은 해수면변화에 따른 조간대의 육지화 모니터링에 좋은 표적이 된다. TerraSAR-X 이중편파자료의 산란특성을 이용한 염생식물 관측결과는 2007년에 현장에서 취득된 실측자료와 비교하여 3 dB 이내의 정밀도로 일치하였다. 셋째, 단일편파자료의 레이더 간섭기법을 이용한 조간대 DEM작성을 시도하였다. 조간대 내에서 육지화가 진행된 지역은 표면에 염생식물이 발달하였음에도 불구하고 높은 간섭긴밀도를 나타내었다. 레이더 간섭기법을 통한 DEM의 제작은 일반적인 조간대에서는 적용이 제한적이며, TanDEM-X의 적용이 필요하다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2019

본 연구는 성인대학생의 학업수월성 강화를 위한 모형을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 부산광역시와 대구광역시 및 경북에 위치한 2년제와 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 성인대학생 408명을 대상으로 조사 및 분석하였다. 모형의 구성요소는 교육내용, 교육방법, 교육평가, 교육운영, 교육환경, 제도적 지원이며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 교육내용은 학위취득을 위한 다양한 학문적 지식 습득과 업무현장에서의 능력 개발을 위한 지식 및 기술 습득, 사회 전반의 이슈에 대한 새로운 정보 및 지식 습득이다. 둘째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 교육방법 중 교수자의 자질을 보면, 이론과 실무능력을 바탕으로 한 교수의 전문역량을 중시하였다. 선호하는 교수법은 강의법, 토의 토론, 액션러닝, 프로젝트 학습법 순이며, 효과적인 교수매체로는 동영상과 파워포인트를 선호하였다. 셋째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 교육과정 운영은 주말 운영이며, 학사학위 취득기간으로 3년을 선호하였다. 일일 학습 가능한 시간은 3시간~6시간이며, e-learning과 B-learning 및 선행학습경험인정제의 필요성을 나타냈다. 넷째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 교육평가 방법은 절대평가와 상대평가를 혼합한 절충방식이며, Pass or Non Pass 평가방법의 필요성도 나타냈다. 다섯째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 교육환경 중 대학선택의 내적요인은 새로운 지식과 기술 습득이며, 외적요인은 취업 및 직무향상과 관련된 많은 기회를 제공받기 원함이었다. 효과적인 수업을 제공하는 형태의 강의실은 고정 좌석 강의실이며, 교육환경 중 강의실 내부의 환경을 중요시하였다. 여섯째, 성인대학생이 선호하는 제도적 지원은 컴퓨터 활용 관련 프로그램과 학습동아리 지원서비스로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 1992

This research was carried out on 1,017 production workers for four months from May to August, 1991, to search more effective management method of their health by grasping their knowledge and attitude on industrial health. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. As for general characteristics, 74.2% were male and 25.8% were female among the 1,017 workers. The two largest age groups were 30~39, 38.7%. As for education level, graduation from high school was 58.6%, 61.2% were married, 35.9% owned their house, and workers who worked more than 1 year less than 5 years was 52.9%, workers who worked 8 hours a day was 46.7%, the largest group income level was 60~69 thousand won 21.2%, and the degree of satisfaction with work was ordinary, 45.6%. 2. The degree of recognition concerning occupational diseases was 92.5% at a very high rate. Causes of occupational diseases under the present work field were in order of noise, dust, heavy metal. The largest group of the counterplan for prevention was an improvement of working environment, 62.0%. 3. The major cause that threatens worker's health was poor working environment, 31.4%. As the best method for workers' health management, working environment management was pointed. 4. As for health examination result, the response that it is of use to health management was 53.8%. As for examination method and result, 42.7% responded that they are formal. The practice period was more than once every six months as the largest group, and the highest desire for improvement was that they wants an exact information of the result. 5. 49.3% of the respondents know about the measurement of working environment an the response that the measurement is necessary to improve working environment was 57.9%, and that the results from the measurement were reflected on improvement an management 57.5%. Appropriate period to take a measurement was more than once per six months, 40.2% and per three months, 29.1%. 6. As for safety and halth instruction, 34.5% were educated for both, 38.2% for only safety education and just 4.6% for only health education. 51.9% responded that they had never been educated out of work place. The period of its practice was more than once a month, 39.5% and every three months, 21.3%. 7. The importance of safety and health showed that the one is equal to the other, 59.8%, that the one is more important, 29.6%, and that other is more important, 7.6%. 67.7% said the necessity of a safety and health manager. 8. In spite of more or less health obstacle of work environment, 14.9% of the respondents wanted to overwork to gain an allowance for over-time work, 39.9% didn't, and 40.2% according to condition and state. 9. As the most important cause of industrial accident, 40.2% indicated unsafe behavior. As for the individual protective instrument, 66.1% of all the respondents said they have worn it to protect industrial diseases. 10. As for the degree of understanding of the contents in Industrial Safety and Health Law and Industrial Law of Accident Insurance, an affirmative response was respectively 49.3% and 50.8% and the sources of safety-health information were televisions and radios, 28.0%. Therefore, it is necessary that we do positive working environmental improvement, continuous management and health education's inforcement to increase their health and prevent occupational diseases.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2011

본 연구는 시들음병균(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani)에 대한 저항성 무의 효율적인 검정법을 확립하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시들음병에 대한 저항성 반응에 차이를 보이는 무 5품종(명산무, 청두무, 장생무, 한농여름무 및 청수궁중무)을 선발하여, 뿌리 상처, 침지 시간, 접종원 농도 및 재배 온도 등의 발병 조건에 따른 무 품종들의 시들음병 발생을 조사하였다. 무 품종들의 저항성 정도를 조사하는 데는 뿌리를 자르고 접종하는 것보다 뿌리를 자르지 않고 접종하는 것이 더 효과적이었다. 그리고 이들 품종의 뿌리를 시들음병균 포자현탁액에 침지하는 시간과 접종원의 포자 농도가 증가함에 따라 시들음병 발생은 증가하였으며, $1{\times}10^7\;conidia{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 포자현탁액에 0.5시간 침지하였을 때에 저항성 품종과 감수성 품종의 시들음병 발생은 가장 큰 차이를 보였다. 또한 시들음병균을 접종한 후에 무를 재배하는 온도에 따라 품종들의 시들음병 발생은 차이를 보였으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 재배하였을 때 감수성 품종들은 더 높은 발병도를, 저항성 품종은 더 낮은 발병을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로부터 무 품종들의 시들음병에 대한 저항성 차이를 검정하기 위해서는 뿌리 자르기와 같은 상처를 내지 않은, 파종 후 14일된 무의 뿌리를 $1{\times}10^7\;conidia{\cdot}mL^{-1}$의 시들음병균 포자현탁액에 0.5시간 동안 침지한 후 새로운 폿트에 이식하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 재배하는 것이 가장 효율적인 방법임을 알 수 있었다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.334-347
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• 2017

Ralstonia solanacearum에 의한 고추 풋마름병은 고추의 생산량 감소에 영향을 미치는 주요 병해 중 하나이다. 그리고 병 저항성 작물을 재배하는 것은 고추의 풋마름병 방제에 가장 효과적인 방제 방법이다. 본 연구는 고추의 풋마름병 저항성을 효율적으로 검정하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 풋마름병에 대한 저항성 및 감수성 6개 고추 품종을 선발하고, 다양한 조건에서 이들 품종의 풋마름병 발생을 조사하였다. 접종 방법에 따른 고추 품종들의 풋마름병 발생 정도를 실험한 결과, 상처없이 토양관주하는 방법과 접종원에 뿌리를 침지하는 방법보다 뿌리 절단 후 접종원을 관주하는 방법이 더 간단하고 효율적이었다. 풋마름병 저항성 계통인 'MC4'는 파종 후 21일부터 28일 재배한 고추 유묘에 $1{\times}10^8cfu/ml$ 농도의 세균 현탁액을 포트 당 20 ml 접종하였을 때 가장 높은 저항성을 나타냈다. 한편 감수성 품종들은 이들 조건에서 높은 감수성을 보였다. 이들 결과는 우리가 고추 품종의 풋마름병에 대한 효율적인 저항성 검정방법을 개발하였다는 것을 나타낸다. 그리고 선발한 발병조건을 사용하여 시판중인 140개 고추 품종의 풋마름병에 대한 저항성 정도를 평가하였다.