• Title/Summary/Keyword: Effective Concentration

Search Result 5,507, Processing Time 0.035 seconds

Extracellular Proteinase를 생산하는 효모의 분리동정과 효소의 생산

  • Kim, Chnag-Hwa;Lee, Tae-Hyung;Yu, Choon-Bal;Jin, Ingnyol
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
    • /
    • v.24 no.4
    • /
    • pp.452-458
    • /
    • 1996
  • A yeast strain TH65 producing a high level of proteinase under alkaline condition was isolated, and identified as Yarrowia lipolytica by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics. In proteinase productivity, glycerol and glucose among tested carbon sources were very effective, and optimum concentration of glucose was 0.5%. Skim milk was found to be most effective nitrogen source in productivity, and its optimum concentration was 0.6%. But, cysteine, cystine and tryptophane decreased the proteinase productivity. Yeast extract was relatively effective at the range of 0.1-0.5%. The yeast showed maximum production of proteinase at 18$\circ$C, pH 9-11, and cultivation time of 36 hours.

  • PDF

Evaluation of some Ethanobotanical Plant Extracts for Fungitoxicity against Myrothecium roridum

  • Maji, Manas Dev;Chattopadhyay, Souman;Kumar, P. M. Pratheesh;Saratchandra, B.
    • International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
    • /
    • v.14 no.2
    • /
    • pp.75-80
    • /
    • 2007
  • Ethanolic extracts of twenty-one plant species were tested in vitro for their fungitoxic properties against leaf spot causing pathogen of mulberry Myrothecium roridum by poisoned food technique. Ethanolic extracts of twenty-plant spp. reduced mycelial growth of M. roridum significantly except E. pulcherrima. Highest inhibition of M. roridum colony growth observed in 10% extracts of E. citriodora (49.45%) followed by D. metel (39.45%), Chromolaena odoratum (25.56%) and A. sativum (25.00%). Among the concentration tested, 10% concentration was found significantly higher effective on reducing colony growth followed by 5 and 2.5%. Aqueous extract fresh leaves/bulb of seven short-listed plant spp. (inhibition>15% in ethanolic extracts) revealed that D. metel inhibited (23.43%) followed by E. citriodora (14.66%), C. odoratum (13.53%). On dry leaf extracts D. metel was found more effective than E. citriodora. The results indicated that D. metel, E. citriodora, C. odoratum and A. sativum having high fungitoxicity against M. roridum and ethanolic extract found more effective than aqueous extract.

Consideration of Heat Recovery Ventilator from Ventilating Standpoint (환기관점에서 본 열교환 환기유니트)

  • Song, Jun-Won;Kang, Il-Kyung;Kim, Tae-Hee;Shin, Yong-Sup;Park, Jae-Sung;Choi, Won-Young
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
    • /
    • 2006.06a
    • /
    • pp.417-422
    • /
    • 2006
  • On trends of 'well-being', heat recovery ventilators(HRV) are recently installed in high rise buildings. HRV is not energy saving instrument but ventilating one. But many people have not been aware of the accurate fact. In this study, performances of HRV are tested under foreign and domestic standards. Especially air-tightness is measured three times by using gas concentration method and pressing equipment. Wet effective ventilating air volume is acquired by solving gas concentration equations. After research air-tightness and effective ventilating air volume must be more focused on than heat transfer efficiency to select the optimal HRV. Heat transfer efficiency must be adjusted by air-tightness results.

  • PDF

The effects of Chungpesagan-Tang and herbs on Mouse neuroblastoma 2a cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation (청폐사간탕(淸肺瀉肝湯)과 단미(單味)들이 Hypoxia-Reoxygenation에 의해 손상받은 Mouse Neuroblastoma 2a Cells에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Moon, Ha-Kyoung;Kim, Jong-Woo;Kang, Chul-Hun;Whang, Wei-Wan
    • Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
    • /
    • v.16 no.2
    • /
    • pp.89-112
    • /
    • 2005
  • Object : This study was designed to assess effect of Chungpesagan-Tang and herbs on Mouse neuroblastoma 2a cells damaged by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Method : Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were measured by MTT assay and LDH assay after 48h hypoxia and 6h reoxygenation. Mouse neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells were treated by Chungpesagan-Tang and herbs. Result : In MTT assay of hypoxia all of herbs were almost ineffective and Hubak was a little effective. 2. In MTT assay of reoxygenation most of herbs were not effective. But Hubak was some effective. 3. In LDH assay of hypoxia all of herbs were effective. Especially Chungpesagan-Tang were equally effective on all of concentration. 4. In LDH assay of reoxygenation all of herbs were generally effective. Especially Chungpesagan-Tang and Baekji were highly effective and Kilkyung was also effective on low concentration. 5, The herbs were generally effective on LDH assay of hypoxia and reoxygenation. Conclusion : The results suggest that Chungpesagan-Tang and all of herbs may have protective effect on condition of oxidative stress and can be applied on the development of a new medicine for neurodegenerative disease like dementia.

  • PDF

Preliminary Evaluation of the Activity Concentration Limits for Consumer Goods Containing NORM

  • Jang, Mee;Chung, Kun Ho;Ji, Young Yong;Lim, Jong Myung;Kang, Mun Ja;Choi, Guen Sik
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
    • /
    • v.41 no.2
    • /
    • pp.101-104
    • /
    • 2016
  • Background: To protect the public from natural radioactive materials, the 'Act on safety control of radioactive rays around living environment" was established in Korea. There is an annual effective dose limit of 1 mSv for products, but the activity concentration limit for products is not established yet. Materials and Methods: To suggest the activity concentration limits for consumer goods containing NORM, in this research, we assumed the "small room model" surrounding the ICRP reference phantom to simulate the consumer goods in contact with the human bodies. Using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, we evaluate the effective dose rate for the ICRP reference phantom in a small room with dimension of phantom size and derived the activity concentration limit for consumer goods. Results and Discussion: The consumer goods have about 1600, 1200 and $19000Bq{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ for $^{226}Ra$, $^{232}Th$ and $^{40}K$, and the activity concentration limits are about six times comparing with the values of building materials. We applied the index to real samples, though we did not consider radioactivity of $^{40}K$, indexes of the some samples are more than 6. However, this index concept using small room model is very conservative, for the consumer goods over than index 6, it is necessary to reevaluate the absorbed dose considering real usage scenario and material characteristics. Conclusion: In this research, we derived activity concentration limits for consumer goods in contact with bodies and the results can be used as preliminary screening tool for consumer goods as index concept.

The Relationship between Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure in Working Environment

  • Lee Jong-Seong;Kim Eun-A;Lee Yong-Hag;Moon Deog-Hwan;Kim Kwang-Jong
    • Biomedical Science Letters
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.143-152
    • /
    • 2005
  • To investigate the exposure effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we analyzed the relationship between urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration and PAHs exposure. The study population contained 44 workers in steel-pipe coating and paint manufacture industries. We measured airborne total PAHs as an external dose, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an internal dose of PAHs exposure, and urinary 8-OHdG as an effective dose of oxidative DNA damage. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of l-OHP and the environmental concentration of PAHs, pyrene, urinary cotinine, AST, and GGT. The mean of urinary 8-OHdG was $17.07\pm1.706{\mu}g/g$ creatinine in workers exposed to airborne PAHs. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 8-0HdG and the airborne concentration of PAHs. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about 8-OHdG, significant independents was total PAHs. In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 8-OHdG and the airborne concentration of PAHs. The urinary 1-OHP was effective index as a biomarker of airborne PAHs in workplace. But it was influenced by non-occupational PAHs source, smoking and biomarkers of liver function test.

  • PDF

Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Synthetic Surfactant (합성세제의 생태독성 평가)

  • 최병기;홍사욱;한상욱
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
    • /
    • v.9 no.3_4
    • /
    • pp.91-101
    • /
    • 1994
  • In order to evaluate the ecotoxicological harzardousness of synthetic surfactants on Han river, Jung-ryang and Jin-Wi stream, we used the Ecotoxicological Risk Quotient (ERQ). The chemical harzardousness is evaluated by the balance of the toxicity and concentration in the environment.. Then, ERQ is defined as follows; ERQ = - log ( Concentration in the environment / Effective concentration in the test ) ERQ of chemical is a logtrighmic value of ratio of a chemical concentration and the toxicity in the laboratory. In case of small ERQ, tie chemical harzardousness is high. If ERQ equals O, the same biological effect as in the laboratory test will be observed in the enviromment by the chemicals. ERQ values of the chemicals were calculated using the maximum concentration in water environment which were cited from the annual report by our ministry of environment, and EC$_{50}$ of Daphnia magna (water flea; acute immobilization test) LC$_{50}$ of Oryzias latipes (fish; acue toxicity test) and EC$_{50}$ of chlorella vulgaris (alga; growth inhibition test), which were taken from the annual report of "Chemical in environment" by Japan EA. Liner alkylbenzene sulfonate (determined to MBAS) showed the high average values with more than 2.0 to three species in Han river and Jin-wi stream, and these results mean to be favorable to environmental safety. The areas of Jung-ryang stream were polluted, as the average values of ERQ were less than 2.0 with equal to three species, and attention should be paid. Therefore, they must be inspected again because their concentration in the environment may have changed during that period. The chemical harzardousness can be numerated with ERQ, and it can be a help to find the chemicals that should be kept under observation and to see whether the chemical pollution is improved or worsened. The determination of the chemical concentration in the environment and toxicity are essential for the effective use of ERQ.se of ERQ.

  • PDF

Evaluating Effective Volume and Hydrodynamic Behavior in a Full-Scale Ozone Contactor with CFD Simulation (전산유체역학을 이용한 실규모 오존 접촉에서의 수리거동과 유효 체적 평가에 관한 연구)

  • Park, No-Suk;Mizuno, Tadao;Tsuno, Hiroshi;Bea, Chul-Ho;Lee, Seon-Ju
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
    • /
    • v.18 no.5
    • /
    • pp.656-665
    • /
    • 2004
  • An Ozone reaction model combined with CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) technique was developed in this research, in the simulation of ozonation, hydrodynamic behavior as well as reaction model is important because ozone is supplied to treated water as gas ozone. In order to evaluate hydrodynamic behavior in an ozone contactor, CFD technique was applied. CFD technique elucidated hydrodynamic behavior in the selected ozone contactor, which consisted of three main chambers. Three back-mixing zones were found in the contactor. The higher velocities of water were observed in the second and third compartments than that in the first compartment. The flow of the opposite direction to the main flow was observed near the water surface. Based on the results of CFD simulation, the ozone contactor was divided into small compartments. Mass balance equations were established were established in each compartment with reaction terms. This reaction model was intended to predict dissolved ozone concentration, especially. We concluded that the model could predict favorably the mass balance of ozone, namely absorption efficiency of gaseous ozone, dissolved ozone concentration and ozone consumption. After establishing the model, we discussed the effect of concentration of gaseous ozone at inlet, temperature and organic compounds on dissolved ozone concentration.

Analysis of the Salt Separation and Concentration Using Counter-current Reverse Osmosis Spiral Wound Module (향류식 역삼투 나권형 모듈을 이용한 염분리농축 특성 해석)

  • 조한욱;민병렬;최광호
    • Membrane Journal
    • /
    • v.4 no.3
    • /
    • pp.142-151
    • /
    • 1994
  • Counter-current type reverse osmosis spiral wound module was manufactured for the separation and concentration of salf solution. The ratio of permeate volumetric flow rate vs. brine volumetric flow rate was effective parameter between rejection and degree of cocentration. The reflection coefficient was correspondent to the relation between rejection and degree of cocentration by Spiegler-Kedem model. Counter-current reverse osmosis process had more osmotic pressure drop effect and more degree of concentration than general reverse osmosis process. As a result of computer calculation, the extension of module length than module diameter was more effective for the increase of degree of concentration.

  • PDF

Antimicrobial Activities of White, Red, and Extruded Ginsengs with Different Extraction Conditions

  • Norajit, Krittika;Park, Mi-Ja;Ryu, Gi-Hyung
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.850-856
    • /
    • 2008
  • White, red, and extruded ginsengs were studied against 8 strains of food-borne pathogens and/or food spoilage microorganisms. The ginseng powders were extracted with different extractants and screened for antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion and broth dilution techniques. The results showed that the yield of extraction was higher with increase of aqueous solution content and temperature. Preliminary screening revealed that the red ginseng extracts were most active, that has been found to be highly effective against all tested microbe except Listeria monocytogenes. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis has shown highly susceptible, which the diameters of inhibition zone values of 28 extracts were between 7 and 14 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) recorded for the different crude ginseng extracts against microorganism using ranged from 6.25 to 100 mg/mL, indicated that the methanol extract of ginseng were more effective than ethanol and water extracts. The 60% methanol extract of red ginseng had the greatest effects against B. subtilis with MIC and MBC values at 6.25 mg/mL.