• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2015

This paper reviewed the effect of job burnout on safety outcomes, and the moderating effect of safety climate in Korean Air Force. The prevalence of burnout in air force pilots has not been determined and reviewed. It is also unknown whether pilots' burnout may affect their safety outcomes(safety action & compliance). The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout and it's effect on safety outcomes. For cross-sectional survey, 910 questionnaires were sent to pilots in air force, and 722 questionnaires among them were returned effectively. The questionnaire was divided into 4 parts examining pilots' demographic factors, job burnout, safety outcomes, and safety climates. To test and review proposed hypotheses, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used. The results of statistical analysis appeared as follow; 1) EE(emotional exhaustion) and RPA(reduced personal accomplishment) effected negatively on safety action. 2) EE and RPA effected negatively on safety compliance. 3) EE effected more positively on safety action in higher SS(superior support) group than in lower SS group. 4) RPA effected more positively on safety compliance in higher SS(superior support) group than in lower SS group. 5) RPA effected more positively on safety action in higher CW(coworker support) group than in lower CW group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2004

To evaluate effect of CRSST on inhibiting the occurrence of arthritis, we performed the experiments including production of inflammatory cytokine and immunoglobin in collagen induced arthritis model. The results were obtained as follows. CRSST extract shows any cytotoxicity effect on mouse lung fibroblast cells at dose of 400 ㎍/㎖. CRSST group shows inhibitory effect on arthritis incidence than control group for six weeks. Arthritis index of CRSST group reduces from 4 weeks (75±17.4%) to 6 weeks (33.3±10.0%) compared with control group. In CRSST group, production of cytokines which shows suppressive effect on inflammation (IL-4, IL-10 ) are increased and which promotes inflammation (TNF-α, INF-γ) are decreased in blood. In CRSST group, production of immunogloblin (IgG2b, IgG3 and IgM) is reduced compared with control group, and rate of CD4+ and CD3+ T cell is lower in joint and higher in lymph node compared with control group. From above results it could be accepted that CRSST shows anti-arthritis effect via immune system especially through the controlling the inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobins. CRSST could be usefully applied for the prevention and treatment of RA. And also is expected to be clinically helpful on the treatment of RA through modification.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.129-149
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• 2003

Liver is an important target of the toxicity of drugs, xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Acetaminophen pverdose causes acute liver injury in both humans and animals. This study was performed to observe the effect of sachunwhan and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 4 groups: sachungwhan(SC), samultang group(SC-1: 當歸, 川芎), chungyul group(SC-2: 龍膽草, 大黃, 梔子), and haepyo group(SC-3:羌活, 防風). Under the same condition Normal group was fed basal diet and water; Control group was injected acetaminophen and fed basal diet for 2 weeks; Experimental groups were injected acetaminophen and fed each extracts for 2 weeks respectively. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In the study on antioxidative defense system in vivo, SC reduced the amount of lipid peroxide in both serum and liver and showed activity on antioxidative enzymes such as catalase, glutathion. Other groups had effect only on glutathion. 2. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, ALP, LDH, Bilirubin), SC had a significant effect on recovery of hepatoxicity in acetaminophen treated rats. Other groups had no effect except SC-1 having effect on ${\gamma}$-GTP. As results shown, only Sachungwhan(SC) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. These results suggest that Sachungwhan(SC) made antioxidative defense system active and it seemed to be very important to its effect on recovery of hepatoxicity. In the other hand, Component groups had no effect on recoverv of hepatoxicity and antioxidative defense system in vivo. This was thought that component drugs' cooperative synergy effect would be important to Sachungwhan(SC)'s effects mentioned in this paper.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.18-25
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• 2005

Objectives: It has a growing interest in the prevention and medical treatment of allergic rhinitis. According to many studies, it's known that Sinicheongpye-um has the inhibitory effect on the allergic rhinitis. We have studied effect of the mice on OVA-induced Production of IL-4, IL-5, $Interferone-{\gamma}$ by Murine Splenocytes and effect of OVA-induced Total IgE. Methods: Mixing Ovalbumin(OVA) $10{\mu}g$ into PBS(phoshate buffered saline) and $Al(OH)_3$, gel solution and changing into $1\;m{\ell}$, we made it into OVA solution. That was administered to normal group. After the last administration into abdominal cavity, we caused allergic rhinitis in nasal cavity of mouse of control group and sample group administering 0.1% solution dropwise 3 times a day for 7 days. Keeping separated serum at -20 degree and after refloating spleen cells, cultivating the cells and centrifuging the upper liquid and keeping it at -20 degree, we measured the amount of IL-4. IL-5, $Interferone-{\gamma}$ and OVA-induced Total IgE by ELISA. Results: 1. In Total IgE, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.05) 2. In IL-4 study, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.005) 3. In IL-4 study, Sinichengpae-um treated group was proved significant inhibitory effect.(p<0.001) 4. In $Interferone-{\gamma}$ study, Sinichengpae-um treated group showed a increasing tendency. Conclusion: Based on the above result, it is considered that Sinichengpae-um has the inhibitory effect on the allergic rhinitis of mice and suggested thai it could be used in relieving patients of the symptoms which are caused by allergic rhinitis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 1998

This study was done using a Quasi-experimental research design to determine the effects of social support on compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive patients and to know if the effect of the social support on compliance lasted for at least 6 months. The subjects consisted of 81 hypertensive patients who were registered in the Cardio-Vascular OPD at Chonnam National University Hospital. They were divided by random sampling into 42 people for the experimental group and 39 for the control group. Data were gathered from June 3, 1996 to June 10, 1997 through individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1. Compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive clients was significantly increased in the experimental group who received social support from the nurse as compared to the control group who did not receive social support(t=15.99. p<.001). 2. The effect of social support on compliance with sick role behaviors in hypertensive clients lasted for 6 months(t=7.99, p<.001). 3. Four of six people stopped smoking in experimental group after the intervention of social support, but none of the five in control group were able to stop smoking. Fisher's Exact test showed a significant difference between the experimental and control group(x²=4.385. p< .05). Mantel Haenszel test showed that the effect of social support on stopping smoking in the experimental group lasted for six months because there were no significant differences between one month after the social support and six months after, in the number of subjects who stopped smoking(x²=1.154, P>.05). Finally, social support was effective on compliance with sick role behaviors and stopping smoking in the hypertensive clients, and the effect of social support on compliance lasted for 6 months.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.316-326
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• 2006

Backgrounds & Objects: The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of Shengmai-san(SMS), a herbal medicine, on mice jejunal crypt cell survival and Apoptosis. Methods: Mice were devided into 4 groups according to radiation dose and SMS treatment: Normal was the group without irradiation. Control was the group treated with D.W before 10 Gy irradiation. SMS 2.9 was sample group treated with 2.9 mg/10 g of SMS extract before 10 Gy irradiation and SMS 29 was sample group treated with 29 mg/10 g of SMS extract before 10 Gy irradiation. And Each group were sacrificedat 24 hours and 72 hours after irradiation. To analyze the crypt survival, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used and to analyze the apoptosis, the TUNEL assay was done. Results: 1. From the microcolony survival assay, the SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 showed the radioprotective effect with a statistical significance compared to the control group at 24 hr (P < 0.01) and 72 hr (p < 0.001) after 10 Gy irradiatien. And the differences of radioprotective effect between SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 were net significant. 2. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic index in SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 was significantly decreased, as compared to the control group at both 24 hr ( p < 0.01) and 72 hr (SMS 2.9 : p < 0.001. SMS 29 : P < 0.01) after 10Gy irradiation And the differences of between SMS 2.9 and SMS 29 were not significant. Conclusions: It could be suggested that the Shengmai-san has a prominent Protective effect in mice intestines against the radiation damage. And the radieprotective effect seems to be related to inhibition of the apoptosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the levels of dietary Zn and alcohol consumption on lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 80 to 90g for eight weeks. Ninety rats were divided into nine groups according to Zn levels and alcohol consumption such as no alcohol group[low Zn diet group(<1ppm. LZ) control Zn diet group(30ppm. CZ) high Zn diet group(60ppm, HZ)] 10% alcohol consumption group[the same Zn levels as no alcohol group LZLA, CZLA, HZLA] 20% alcohol consumption group[the same Zn levels as no alcohol group, LZHA, CZHA, HZHA] The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) In the serum total cholesterol increased with increasing dietary Zn levels but decreased with alcohol consumption. HDL-cholesterol decreased with alcohol consumption. Triglyce-ride in alcohol group was higher than no alcohol group. In alcohol group triglyceride increased with decreasing dietary Zn levels. 2) In the liver total lipid in alcohol group was higher than no alcohol group HA group showed a significant increase. Triglyceride increased with alcohol consumption. 3) In the serum and liver Zn content increased with increasing dietary Zn levels but decreased with alcohol consumption.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

This study investigated the effect of Rehmanniae Radix preparata extract on the antioxidant enzymes of kidney and renal function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups including normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and diabetic treatment with Rehmanniae Radix preparata (DRR). Over a 4-week study period, Rehmanniae Radix preparata aqueous extract was administered orally at 1124 mg/kg BW/day. The serum glucose level in the DRR group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DC group. The serum blood urea nitrogen in diabetic groups was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the NC group. The urinary total protein level in the DRR group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the DC group. The renal xanthine oxidase activity in the DRR group was significantly lower (P<0.01) than the DC group. The renal catalase activity in the DC group was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared to the NC group and that was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the DRR group than the DC group. In conclusion, these results indicated that Rehmanniae Radix preparata can prevent or retard the development of diabetic nephropathy via its beneficial effects for correcting the hyperglycemia and favorable effects on antioxidant enzyme system.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

The interaction between the ground and structures should be considered for seismic design of group piles supporting the superstructure. The p-y curve has been used widely for the analysis of nonlinear relationship between the ground and structures, and various researches have conducted to apply the dynamic p-y curve for seismic design of group piles. This curve considers the interaction between the ground and structures under the dynamic load such as an earthquake. However the supported effect by the pile cap and the interaction by inertia behavior of superstructures. Therefore, the shaking table test was conducted to verify the effect of the change of the pile cap in group piles supporting superstructures embedded in sandy soil. The test condition is that the arrangement and distance between centers of piles are fixed and the length of the pile cap is changed for various distances between the pile cap side and the pile center. The result shows that the distance between the pile cap side and the pile center have an effect on the dynamic p-y curve and the effect of group piles.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.319-329
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture based on rataining time at LI -4. The pain at dentes incisor was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and digastric electromyogram(dEMG) changes based on time interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally and four groups were made for convenience. Without naloxone, dEMG was changed by either retaining the needle for 40 minutes (Group I) or by lifting and thrusting the needle (Group II). With naloxone administration, dEMG was changed by either retaining the needle for 40 minutes (Group III) or by lifting and thrusting the needle (Group IV). The results are as following 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at LI -4 was expressed best in Group I. 2. The pain inhibitory effect was somewhat expressed in Group II but the effect was smaller than Group I. 3 .In Groups III and IV, the pain inhibitory effect was not expressed. The overall result should be the foundation for the further studies to figure out the underlying mechanism of acupuncture. In addition, it is assumed that the results will be useful for optimal retaining time of acupucture for its maximal effect.