• Wind and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.437-462
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• 2007

A non-translating, long duration thunderstorm downburst has been simulated experimentally and numerically by modelling a spatially stationary steady flow impinging air jet. Velocity profiles were shown to compare well with an upper-bound of velocity measurements reported for full-scale microbursts. Velocity speed-up over a range of topographic features in simulated downburst flow was also tested with comparisons made to previous work in a similar flow, and also boundary layer wind tunnel experiments. It was found that the amplification measured above the crest of topographic features in simulated downburst flow was up to 35% less than that observed in boundary layer flow for all shapes tested. From the computational standpoint we conclude that the Shear Stress Transport (SST) model performs the best from amongst a range of eddy-viscosity and second moment closures tested for modelling the impinging jet flow.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.144-154
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• 1994

An efficient tidal model, TIDE which is an iterative type, nonlinear finite element model has developed for the analysis of the tidal movement in the coastal area which is characterized by irregular boundaries and bottom topography. Traditional time domain finite element models have been in difficulties with requirement for high eddy viscosity coefficients and small time steps to insure numerical instability. These problems are overcome by operating in the frequency domain with an elaborate grid system by combining the triangular and quadrilateral shape grids. Furthermore, in order to handle non-linearity which will be more significant in the shallow region, an iterative scheme with least square error minimization algorithm has been implemented in the model. The results of TIDE model are agreed with the analytical solutions in a rectangular channel under the condition of tidal waves entering the channel closed at one end.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.74-78
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• 2012

본 연구는 하천에서 식생에 의한 흐름구조 변화가 오염물질 이동에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 흐름방향 확산계수를 산정하였다. 정수식생 조건에서 횡방향 수심적분된 와점성계수는 비식생 조건에서의 와점성계수와 다르게 적용되어야 하며 이를 위해 유량 횡분배법을 Jordanova and James (2003) 실험에 적용하였다. 제시된 실험조건을 잘 재현하는 와점성계수의 값을 역산하였으며, 이에 관한 산술평균 값을 향후 수리모형의 적용을 위해 정수식생 조건에서의 무차원 와점성계수로 제안하였다. 결정된 무차원 와점성계수를 이용하여 부분식생 개수로 흐름에서 흐름방향 확산계수를 산정하여 오염물질의 이동에 대한 특성을 분석하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2011

Previous evaluations of the safety of the Ulchin Nuclear Power Plant in the event of a tsunami have the shortcoming of uncertainty of the tsunami sources. To address this uncertainty, maximum and minimum wave heights at the intake of Ulchin NPP have been estimated through a parametric study, and then assessment of the safety margin for the intake has been carried out. From the simulation results for the Ulchin NPP site, it can be seen that the coefficient of eddy viscosity considerably affects wave height at the inside of the breakwater. In addition, assessment of the safety margin shows that almost all of the intake water pumps have a safety margin over 2 m, and Ulchin NPP site seems to be safe in the event of a tsunami according to this parametric study, although parts of the CWPs rarely have a margin for the minimum wave height.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.23-60
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• 2016

The major objective of this study was to develop further understanding of 3D nearshore hydrodynamics under a variety of wave and tidal forcing conditions. The main tool used was a comprehensive 3D numerical model - combining the flow module of Delft3D with the WAVE solver of XBeach - of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics that can simulate flow, sediment transport, and morphological evolution. Surf-swash zone hydrodynamics were modeled using the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, combined with various turbulence models (${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES). Sediment transport and resulting foreshore profile changes were approximated using different sediment transport relations that consider both bed- and suspended-load transport of non-cohesive sediments. The numerical set-up was tested against field data, with good agreement found. Different numerical experiments under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were run to test the model's capability to reproduce 3D flow, wave propagation, sediment transport and morphodynamics in the nearshore at the field scale. The results were interpreted according to existing understanding of surf and swash zone processes. Our numerical experiments confirm that the angle between the crest line of the approaching wave and the shoreline defines the direction and strength of the longshore current, while the longshore current velocity varies across the nearshore zone. The model simulates the undertow, hydraulic cell and rip-current patterns generated by radiation stresses and longshore variability in wave heights. Numerical results show that a non-uniform seabed is crucial for generation of rip currents in the nearshore (when bed slope is uniform, rips are not generated). Increasing the wave height increases the peaks of eddy viscosity and TKE (turbulent kinetic energy), while increasing the tidal amplitude reduces these peaks. Wave and tide interaction has most striking effects on the foreshore profile with the formation of the intertidal bar. High values of eddy viscosity, TKE and wave set-up are spread offshore for coarser grain sizes. Beach profile steepness modifies the nearshore circulation pattern, significantly enhancing the vertical component of the flow. The local recirculation within the longshore current in the inshore region causes a transient offshore shift and strengthening of the longshore current. Overall, the analysis shows that, with reasonable hypotheses, it is possible to simulate the nearshore hydrodynamics subjected to oceanic forcing, consistent with existing understanding of this area. Part II of this work presents 3D nearshore morphodynamics induced by the tides and waves.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권spc1호
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2023

천수방정식 기반 흐름해석모형은 하천 및 수로에서의 흐름을 수평 2차원적으로 수치모의하는데 활용되며 매개변수인 와점성계수와 조도계수에 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 적절한 매개변수의 선택은 흐름특성을 정확하게 모사하기 위해 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 2차원 흐름해석에 적용되는 매개변수의 최적조합을 찾기 위한 자동화 알고리즘을 개발하고 적용하였다. 기존연구에서 2차원 흐름해석모형을 적용하는 경우 매개변수의 선정에 있어 경험적인 방법을 사용하여 최적의 매개변수를 찾는데 어려움이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실험결과를 활용하여 다양한 매개변수의 조합에 따른 오차를 추적하고, 매개변수의 최적조합을 결정할 수 있는 알고리즘을 Python 언어를 이용하여 개발하고 적용하였다. 자동화 알고리즘은 121(11×11)개의 매개변수 조합에 따른 2차원 흐름해석결과 중 유속모의결과의 오차값을 비교하여 가장 정확한 조합을 손쉽게 결정하도록 구성되었다. 오차가 가장 작은 매개변수의 최적조합을 자동화 알고리즘의 적용을 통해 신속하고 간단하게 결정할 수 있다는 측면에서 높은 활용가치가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2002

An eddy-resolving free-surface primitive-equation model with nonlinear terrain-following coordinates is established to study the exchange of water masses among the Asian marginal seas and their adjacent waters. A curvilinear coordinate system is used to generate the horizontal grid with a variable resolution for the regional oceans from $5^{\circ}$S to $45^{\circ}$N and $100^{\circ}$E to $155^{\circ}$E. The higher resolution region has about a 10 km by 10 km grid covering the complex geometry of the coastal marginal seas, while the lower resolution region has about a 30 km by 30 km grid covering the eastern Pacific. The model is initialized by the Levitus annual climitology and forced by the monthly mean air-sea fluxes of momentum, heat, and freshwater derived from the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set. High-resolution and low-viscosity are identified as the key factors for a better representation of the exchange of waters through narrow straits and passages between the marginal seas and their adjacent waters. The dynamics of the loop currents and eddies in the South China Sea and Celebes Sea are examined in detail. It has found that the anticyclonic loop and detached eddies from the Kuroshio through the Luzon Strait play an important role in transporting warm and salty water into the South China Sea, while the cyclonic circulation of the Mindanao Current in the Celebes Sea plays a role in contributing cold water to the Indonesian throughflow. The deep undercurrent of the western Pacific is shown to provide fresher water to the South China Sea and Celebes Sea. These modeling results suggest that the exchange processes via the narrow straits and passages are of fundamental importance to the maintenance of water masses for the marginal sea region.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1655-1666
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• 2003

It is experimentally well-known that high anisotropies of the turbulent flow field are dominant inside the tip leakage vortex, which is attributable to a substantial proportion of the total loss and constitutes one of the dominant mechanisms of the noise generation. This anisotropic nature of turbulence invalidates the use of the conventional isotropic eddy viscosity turbulence models based on the Boussinesq assumption. In this study, to check whether an anisotropic turbulence model is superior to the isotropic ones or not, the results obtained from the steady-state Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations based on the RNG k-$\varepsilon$ model and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) are compared with experimental data for two test cases: a linear compressor cascade and a forward-swept axial-flow fan. Through this comparative study of turbulence models, it is clearly shown that the RSM, which can express the production term and body-force term induced by system rotation without introducing any modeling, should be used to predict quantitatively the complex tip leakage flow, especially in the rotating environment.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.772-778
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• 2002

A numerical analysis of turbulent gas-particle two-phase flow is performed in conjunction with the experiments of Fackrell ＆ Robins and Raupach & Legg that considered ground-level source and/or elevated source flat plate flow. K-$\omega$ turbulence model is used in order to analyze fully turbulent flow field and the concentration equation with settling velocity is adopted for the concentration field. The model of Einstein and Chien is applied that couples the velocity field and the concentration field. Turbulent eddy viscosity is re-evaluated in this model. The present numerical results have good agreement between the simulation and the experimental data for the mean flow velocities and particle concentrations. While the previous study shows about 27% error in the vicinity of the source of particle concentration, the .present study allows about 14% error. A new turbulent gas-particle flow model developed by this study is able to cut down error by 13% at a near source.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.823-832
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• 2002

A modified $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$model is proposed for calculation of transitional boundary-layer flows with changing pressure gradient. In order to develop the model for this problem, the flow is divided into three regions; pre-transition region, transition region and fully turbulent region. The effect of pressure gradient is taken into account in stream-wise intermittency factor, which bridges the eddy-viscosity models in the pre-transition region and the fully turbulent region. From intermittency data in various flows, Narashima＇s intermittency function, F(${\gamma}$), has been found to be proportional to $\chi$$^{n}$ according to the extent of pressure gradient. Three empirical correlations of intermittency factor being analyzed, the best one was chosen to calculate three benchmark cases of bypass transition flows with different free-stream turbulence intensity under arbitrary pressure gradient. It was found that the variations of skin friction and shape factor as well as the profiles of mean velocity in the transition region were very satisfactorily predicted.