• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2003

The access area, so called "core" in the housing block, makes a buffer zone between public open space and private interior space, as well as offers chances of communication for the users. Planning and design of this area, however, tend to be not attended, comparing with another spaces in the multifamily housing block. This paper is aimed at investigating examplary model European cases and, thus, finding out some positive and applicable planning skills for multifamily housing in Korea. This study covers following aspects; firstly, the important social meaning of core area was analyzed in comparison of Korea and Europe, secondly, intensive studies on the spots, visiting German, Austrian and Dutch cases, made it possible to grasp the prevailling tendency toward assessment of this area in the Continent, Thirdly, useful planning elements and skills by European examples for more user friendliness, more economization and raising the quality of spatial design and sequential experience were founded out with regard to various core types. and lastly, some concrete guidelines for planning are presented for the improvement of so far monotnousely designed core area in the local multifamily housing. Consequently those European cases made it clear that the planning of core area is closely related to the total design of housing blocks. This study maybe conducive not only to the planning of this area, but also further to the increase of the quality of life in multifamily housing.y housing.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

The aircraft industry supports aviation by building aircraft and manufacturing aircraft parts for their maintenance. Fuel economization is one of the biggest concerns in the aircraft industry. The reduction in specific fuel consumption of aircraft can be achieved by a variety of means, simplest and more effective is the one to impose minor modifications in the aircraft main wing or the parts which are exposed to the air flow. This method can lead to a reduction in aerodynamic resistance offered by the air and have a smoother flight. The main objective of this study is to propose geometric design modifications on an existing aircraft wing which acts as a vortex generator and it can reduce the drag and increase lift to drag ratio, leading to lower fuel consumption. The NACA 2412 aircraft wing is modified and designed. Rigorous flow analysis is carried out using computational fluid dynamics based software Ansys Fluent. Results show that saw tooth modification to the main wing shows the best aerodynamic efficiency as compared to other modifications.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1995

As the energy consumption increases continuously, the emission amount of air pollutants is growing, and after all it can influence the global environment as welt as the regional atmosphere. So, the clean energy which emits less air pollutants should be developed and widely used to reduce emission of pollutants. Electricity, known for clean energy in the side of consumption, is not actually clean in the process of generation. Electric power is generated using fossil fuels which produce acidic gases like $SO_{2}$, $NO_{x}$, etc. The emission rates of $SO_{2}$, $NO_{x}$, $CO_{2}$ are 2g,0.78g and 1 l0g per electric power generating Ikwh. If one light(60 watt bulb) be turned off at each house for a month electricity will be saved about 1.Skillion kwh a year. This is almost the same as 4,170 tons of $SO_{2}$ and $NO_{x}$. As a result the economization of electricity will be one of the effective strategy to reduce the air pollution and to keep our life clean and comfortable.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.455-470
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• 1997

The importance of uniform is getting increased in the present society because it is one of symbols which represent a company and give customers the image of it. Uniform shows the kind of companies, one's position, and sometimes the actual job which one does. And workers who put on the same kind of uniform feel companionship among them, the security of their position and responsibility for their job, all of which elevate the efficiency of their job and the company. To enhance the functions of uniforms such as representativeness, esthetics, convenience and economization, the followings were studied. 1) Through survey on the present condition of seven different types of company uniforms, we analyzed preference of workers, staffs and consumers and did the factor analysis of uniform constitution. 2) It presented the relative importance among the uniform constitution. 3) The reflective condition of the uniform constitution was estimated. 4) It investigated the working condition and working movement.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.753-758
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• 2000

Heat engine and fluid machinery in the plant have to linked with various ducts network and the corresponding design have to be concerned about effectiveness and stability of system of plant. To optimum control and design system concerning stability, economization, operating effectiveness we have to exact analysis flow properties of a duct applying to fluid machinery, heat exchanger, cooling machine, air conditioning equipment. therefore, it is necessary to research the duct, heat transfer equipment, for increasing overall effectiveness of air conditioning system by suggesting basic data of the duct resulting from organic research. So we can contribute to technical development of the duct. In case of speeding up the flow rate of the duct, lots of wave velocity components are occurred the value of boundary layer resulting from developing the boundary layer at both walls of duct.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1991

History of the fisheries education in the secondary schools in Japan has began in 1901, and it greatly contributed to the development of fishing industry in Japan. Also this education system affected to her some neighboring countries. e.g. Korea, Taiwan, etc. According to the fundamental change of the education system after cease of the 2nd World War, fisheries middle schools were rearranged to fisheries high schools. and the activity of the graduates widely contributed to push up the total catch of fish in Japan to the first world rank since the 1970s. Nevertheless, the education in fisheries high schools is confronted to much problems, because of the rapid decrease of the man power who desires to work in the field of fisheries especially onboard fishing vessels in accordance with the rapid progress of industrialization and service economization. Such problems are taking place not only in Japan but also right now in Korea. To find out some countermeasure against the problems. the auther studied on the present status and the problems confronting in the education of fisheries high schools in Japan through some references. with heartful desires this study to be able to contribute to the sucessive development of the education on fisheries high schools and also the productivity of fisheries in Korea.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

Recently there have been occurred many loss of life and extensive damage to social infrastructures due to moderate and strong earthquakes all over the world. In this research, major design factors have been evaluated for the establishment of the rational seismic design code of rectangular RC bridge piers. It was concluded from this study that the axial force ratio and the longitudinal steel ratio should be the most important influencing design parameter for the seismic displacement ductility. However those parameters are not considered in the confinement steel ratio of the KHBDS. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose a rational design equation for transverse reinforcements of rectangular RC bridge piers. New confinement steel ratio is proposed by introducing the effect of the axial force and the longitudinal steel to the current KHBDS. It is thought that these new codes could release the rebar congestion problem in the plastic hinge region of RC bridge piers which contribute to the enhancement of constructibility and economization for RC bridge construction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.99-115
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• 2014

Uncertainties in design variables and design equations have a significant impact on the safety of geotechnical structures like retaining walls and slopes. This paper presents a possible framework for obtaining the partial safety factors based on reliability approach for different random variables affecting the stability of a reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall and a slope under static loading conditions. Reliability analysis is carried out by Mean First Order Second Moment Method, Point Estimate Method, Monte Carlo Simulation and Response Surface Methodology. A target reliability index ${\beta}$ = 3 is set and partial safety factors for each random variable are calculated based on different coefficient of variations of the random variables. The study shows that although deterministic analysis reveals a safety factor greater than 1.5 which is considered to be safe in conventional approach, reliability analysis indicates quite high failure probability due to variation of soil properties. The results also reveal that a higher factor of safety is required for internal friction angle ${\varphi}$, while almost negligible values of safety factors are required for soil unit weight ${\gamma}$ in case of cantilever retaining wall and soil unit weight ${\gamma}$ and cohesion c in case of slope. Importance of partial safety factors is shown by analyzing two simple geotechnical structures. However, it can be applied for any complex system to achieve economization.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2012

Objective: Service industry has become the most important industry among various economic activities, as the percentage of service related industry in advanced nations is over 60% of their GDP and the percentage of service industry in South Korea, a traditional manufacturing nation, now takes up over 60% of the entire economy. Background: Such industry paradigm shift has changed consumers from those that simply purchased products into groups of people that evaluate the companies that manufacture products, thereby further intensifying competition among companies and increasing the importance of integrated communication between companies and consumers. However, the excessive existence of sub-identities that have been developed for integrated management of the existing corporate identities, as well as the undifferentiated general management strategies by companies are creating confusion not only for consumers but also for various corporate interest parties. In addition, service identity strategy has become the most important strategy than any other sub-identity strategies in forming corporate identity at the increased importance of corporate service in the era of service industry. However, the current domestic circumstance is that the concept of service identity has not been well established through specific related studies. Method: Accordingly, the existing academic and field studies on the corporate identity(CI), brand identity(BI) and product identity(PI) used for the communication with consumers were reviewed in this study to establish and summarize the concept of service identity(SI) that appeared at the service economization. Results: The purpose is to examine the kind of change that could be brought about by SI for the corporate integrated identity strategy developed through the existing corporate, brand & product image in order to present a new direct in corporate identity strategy according to the industry paradigm shift through a SI centered new corporate identity framework. Conclusion: For preparing the new era of service industry, the corporate integrated identity strategy must be integrate with concept of service identity and which is essential to differential from other companies. Application: The proposed concept and framework of service identity on this paper will help to understand and clearly define why service identity is important factor of the new idea of corporate identities.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.775-784
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 합리적인 내진설계기준의 정립을 위하여 철근콘크리트 교각의 내진성능에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자에 대하여 분석하였다. 기존 연구 결과에 따르면 한반도와 같은 중약진 지역에서의 철근콘크리트 교각의 심부구속철근비가 과다하게 사용되어 왔다는 결론을 내렸다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 기존의 실험 결과들을 분석하여 합리적인 심부구속철근비를 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 심부구속철근비는 축하중비와 주철근비를 고려하였으며 낮은 축하중비에서 주철근 좌굴 방지를 위한 최소 규정을 도입하였다. 제안된 식은 일반적인 도로교상의 축하중비를 고려하면 기존 내진규정에 비해 매우 완화된 심부구속철근비를 갖게 된다. 따라서 문제로 나타나고 있는 시공성과 경제성이 상당히 향상될 수 있으리라 판단된다.