• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2013

As the construction industry develops, environmental pollution gets increasingly serious, giving damage including the increase of incidence of respiratory diseases and skin diseases among children with weakened immune systems, rather than adults. In daycare centers, infants and children spending much of their time, have high frequency of contact with the interior floor finish material. However, the majority of the child care centers don not use eco-friendly flooring but ordinary monorium flooring, because the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring is higher than ordinary monorium flooring. Therefore, in this study, life cycle costs including the initial investment cost of the eco-friendly flooring and ordinary monorium flooring were calculated, demonstrating that the eco-friendly flooring is more economical than ordinary monorium flooring in terms of life-cycle cost. In addition, the analysis of the environmental performance also showed the excellence of the eco-friendly floor finishes. It is expected that the use of the eco-friendly floor finishes will increase due to their excellence in the aspect of life cycle cost and eco-friendly performance, through this study.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.614-620
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of resilience, depression, and self-esteem of hemodialysis(HD) patients, and to find out the factors influencing resilience. Methods: The subjects of this descriptive correlational study was 83 outpatients in H hospital in Seoul, Korea, who receive hemodialysis regularly. Data was analyzed by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: The resilience of HD patients were statistically different by gender, job, economical state, most supportive person, and recent condition. Self-esteem had positive correlation, while depression had moderate negative correlation with the resilience of HD patients. In regression analysis, depression had significant explanation power, which accounted for 25.4% of the resilience. Conclusion: The results of this study provide basic data for developing a resilience promoting program. Since health-related conditions of HD patients affect their levels of resilience, individualized assessment and management of complications are necessary. Also, as the resilience is related to family support, activating support groups for HD patients and their spouses would be helpful to promote their resilience.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2009

In China, the oil and natural gas resources of Bohai Bay are mainly marginal oil fields. It is necessary to build both ice-resistant and economical offshore platforms. However, risk is involved in the design, construction, utilization, maintenance of offshore platforms as uncertain events may occur within the life-cycle of a platform under the extreme ice load. In this study, the optimum design model of the expected life-cycle cost for ice-resistant platforms based on cost-effectiveness criterion is proposed. Multiple performance demands of the structure, facilities and crew members, associated with the failure assessment criteria and evaluation functions of costs of construction, consequences of structural failure modes including damage, revenue loss, death and injury as well as discounting cost over time are considered. An efficient approximate method of the global reliability analysis for the offshore platforms is provided, which converts the implicit nonlinear performance function in the conventional reliability analysis to linear explicit one. The proposed life-cycle optimum design formula are applied to a typical ice-resistant platform in Bohai Bay, and the results demonstrate that the life-cycle cost-effective optimum design model is more rational compared to the conventional design.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1827-1832
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• 2007

The purpose of a railway track is to provide a smooth surface for safe and economical train transportation. The performance of the track results from a complex interaction of the track and subgrade components in response to train loading and environmental actions. In the past, the role of subgrade as the track foundation were not recognized adequately. There are insufficient information and inadequate methods for subgrade design, assessment and improvement. This situation has survived for a long time largely because a subgrade defect can often be adjusted by adding more ballast under the ties or applying more frequent track maintenance. Therefore, the application of reinforced roadbed technology will be expected to increase in the future. The reinforced roadbed thickness is set depending on subgrade reaction modulus$(K_{30})$ in the condition of upper subgrade through PBT in both conventional railroad and KTX railroads. As train velocity (V), train passing tonnage (N), and train axial load (P) are not considered in design, the roadbed thickness could be overestimated (or underestimated). Therefore, In this study, the computer model, GEOTRACK, was analyzed the influence of reinforced roadbed thickness factors on track modulus and the characteristics of stress pulses in track and subgrade generated by repeated axle loading.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1279-1286
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• 2007

The purpose of a railway track is to provide a smooth surface for safe and economical train transportation. The performance of the track results from a complex interaction of the track and subgrade components in response to train loading and environmental actions. In the past, the role of subgrade as the track foundation were not recognized adequately. There are insufficient information and inadequate methods for subgrade design, assessment and improvement. This situation has survived for a long time largely because a subgrade defect can often be adjusted by adding more ballast under the ties or applying more frequent track maintenance. Therefore, the application of reinforced roadbed technology will be expected to increase in the future. The reinforced roadbed thickness is set depending on subgrade reaction modulus($K_{30}$) in the condition of upper subgrade through PBT in both conventional railroad and KTX railroads. As train velocity (V), train passing tonnage (N), and train axial load (P) are not considered in design, the roadbed thickness could be overestimated (or underestimated). Therefore, in this study has proposed a determination method of reinforced roadbed thickness using design chart made by resilience modulus and properties of earthwork materials.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2009

The purposes of this work were suggested and validated the methods of heat recovery from dyeing wastewater exhausted in Sihwa and Banwol dyeing industrial park. We analyzed the present conditions of heat supplies and demands. So it was made a selection of the system combined heat exchanger for waste heat recovery and the high temperature heat pump. We decided the specifications of the heat recovery facilities. After this, economical assessment is performed to this system. The payback periods are within 4 years, 20 years and 5 years in case of K company, S company and A company. In addition, when they are produced the heat of same capacity, quantities of pollutants from used fuels were calculated.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2001

One of the recent issues in design of the spot-welded structure such as the automobile body is to develop an economical prediction method of the fatigue design criterion without additional fatigue test. In this paper, as one of basic investigation for developing such methods, fracture mechanical approach was investigated. First, the Model I, Mode II and Mode III, stress intensity factors were analyzed. Second, strain energy density factor (S) synthetically including them was calculated. And finally, in order to decide the systematic fatigue design criterion by using this strain energy density factor, fatigue data of the ΔP-N(sub)f obtained on the various in-plane bending type spot-welded lap joints were systematically re-arranged in the ΔS-N(sub)f relation. And its utility and reliability were verified by the theory of Weibull probability distribution function. The reliability of the proposed fatigue life prediction value at 10(sup)7 cycles by the strain energy density factor was estimated by 85%. Therefore, it is possible to decide the fatigue design criterion of spot-welded lap joint instead of the ΔP-N(sub)f relation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2007

Even Korea is big country of automobile, the occurrence of traffic accident is in last place in 29 OECD countries. If it is evaluated by assessment guide of investment over the development project of public-traffic facilities, it was shown that the direct economical loss was fairly great. In this study, in order to minimize the traffic accidents occurring at curve area of road, it was tried to establish the standard of non-passing distance. The close-range photogrammetry was used and three dimensional modeling was fulfilled. Currently, this paper was focused on presenting the standard of road design with analyzing the internal and external standard of non-passing distance.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.337-341
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• 2020

Although the screening with a mammography has been shown to be economical, simple and effective in detecting breast cancer, it is accompanied by the risk from radiation. Therefore, this study analyzed the glandular dose and organ dose according to the target-filter combination and the presence and absence of implants using Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that at a tube voltage of 30 kV and a tube current of 50 mAs, the dose increased in the order of Mo/Mo. Mo/Rh, Rh/Rh and W/Rh in proportion to the atomic number of the target-filter. In addition, in phantom without implant a reduction in dose was seen when compared to the phantom with implant. The organ dose was highest in the lens except for the breast on the examination side regardless of the presence or absence of the implant. These results may contribute to use basic data for the diagnostic reference level of breast plastic surgery patients.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2004

Purpose: This study is part of questionnaire survey concerned with the views of nursing staff for cancer patients. This study was done to describe cancer pain management problem, pain management knowledge. Methods: The participants were 188 nurses at cancer ward. Data were collected from July 2003 to August 2003. Data were collected with multiple-choice items and one open-ended question, which were constructed structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by means of SPSS statistical software and content analysis. Results: Experiences of pain education are 53.7%, pain assessment sheet not use 86%, pain management status are partial. Education need of pain management was 87.8% patients in pain were very often(23.9%) or rather often (35.1%) cancer patients. The nurses are respond to open question. Pain management problems as assessed by nurses are categorized 11 item. The health professional problems are Knowledge deficit pain management, Incontrollable pain, Doctor's busy. The patient problems afraid of narcotics for addiction, side effect, distinguishing between physical and suffering, economical problem. The scores of knowledge about pain was average 16.7 score. The pain knowledge showed significant correlation education need(r=.180, p=.013). The effective variable was need of $education({\beta}=.163)$. Conclusion: It was found that pain knowledge was middle score and pain management problem was multiple. The study highlights the need to increase pain education for health professional. Therefore, This study suggest that health professionals education should be done to improve pain management problem.