• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.57
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• pp.69-83
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• 2012

This paper attempts to explore the development of the media labor movement and its tasks. Due to the unique characteristics of information delivered by media, the media labor movement under the authoritarian regime was oppressed and regulated by the government. As democratization has proceeded, the state's oppression and regulation of media has been weakened. However, media workers should wage the struggle for union recognition and independence of editorship simultaneously. Because media unions as labor market organizations also seek for job security and wage increase, we need to understand both political dimension and economic dimension of union activities in media industry. While state's control over media has been diminished in the late 1900s, competition in media industry has been intensified. As small number of media corporations monopolizes the media market, the ecology of media has been completely transformed. Unions in media industry should respond to the change of the media ecology and should build solidarity among media workers at the same time. The achievement of the public nature of media as a part of democratization and building union federation of media industry as a response to the marketization of media still remain as an epochal task for media unions. Like the case of "Hope Bus" in the strike in Hanjin Heavy Industrial Corporation, solidarity between citizens and striking workers should be strengthened.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-26
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• 2010

We achieved both industrialization and democratization during the shortest period in the world. We also achieved good performance in national health insurance: universal coverage, solidarity in financing, equitable access of health care. However, national health insurance system has faced the problem of sustainability: various expenditure and financing problems. The problem of sustainablity has two facets of economic sustainability and fiscal sustainability. Economic sustainability refers to growth in health spending as a proportion of gross domestic product(GDP). Rapid increasing rate of health spending exceeds the growth rate of domestic product. Growth in health spending is more likely to threaten other areas of economic activity. Concern on fiscal sustainability relates to revenue and expenditure on health care. Health care financing face demographic and technical obstacles. Democratic obstacle is aging problem. Technical obstacle is collection of contribution. Expenditure of health care has various problems in benefit structure and efficiency of health care system. In this article, I suggest several policy reforms to enhance sustainability: generating additional revenue from value added tax, changing method of levying contribution, increasing efficiency of health care system by introducing the competition principle. restructuring of benefit scheme of health insurance. contracting with health care institutions to provide health care services.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.172-179
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• 2016

Korea society in the 1980s is the timing of the hybrid intermingled with the continuous industrialization in the 1970s and the democratic aspirations of the 1990s. Korean films in the '80s codified a tension and conflict patterns of the industrialization and democratization in the style such as film space. The purpose of this study is to consider how this aspect of industrialization and democratization in the '80s was codified in Korean films of the '80s. Specifically, it focuses on the style representing the urban space in Korean films of the '80s. This study looks at the changing pattern of the Korea Society through the 1980s by analyzing the space configuration form of Good Windy Day(1980) and Chil-su And Man-su(1988). Good Windy Day to finalize the '70s and Chil-su And Man-su to greet the '90s show the hybrid aspect of the '80s. In particular, the urban space style of the two films codified the political, economic and social culture of Korea as a whole.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-82
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• 2011

Public resistance is an essential factor of the democratization process. Due to this, public resistance has been recognized as an important element in discussing the democratization of China. Recently in China, and a new era of resistance especially the agrarian resistance has been being expanded. This paper identifies trends and characteristics of that. With searching changes in the relationship between the nation and the societies in China, we will check whether democratization can be built from the whole bottom of the nation's ideology or not. It is a paradox of china's economic growth that the peasant uprising increased is a factor to the growth. The farmers' smoldering discontent exploded with rage because rural communities have been forced to sacrifice during the growth. The authoritarian party-state system in China has been faced with the limits in calming the peasant revolt down with the traditional suppression and restriction. Even though the party-state system in China has accepted farmers' dissatisfaction somewhat, and it has tried to improve its image of a benevolent government and pursued buying stability strategy, the gap between urban and rural areas has been expanded in the sustainable economic development and modernization process, therefore the authorities could not soothe the farmers' sense of alienation. Accordingly, the peasant revolt has not flickered out easily, and has been getting uncontrolled across China. Resistance characteristics of Chinese farmers have also changed. In the past, they had been sporadic and indirect ways, whereas in recent years, they have changed into organized and active ways. Of course, it is generally evaluated that the party-state system has sustained a strong social control so far. Buying stability strategy has prevented farmers' complaints from spreading to a threat to its regime, because civil societies in rural areas have still weak foundations from being formed. The party-state system, because of tensions and conflicts, will control the growing powers of civil societies in rural areas with institutionalization of interaction between the nation and the societies, and they will induce street protests to legalized struggle for a while. However, the relationship between the state and the societies has already started new rearrangement, in terms of that the conflicts between the state and rural communities have continued, and the changes of resistance ways.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

Purpose - The study aims to substantiate the approaches and principles of forming a model of social and labor relations adequate to the modern conditions of economic development. Research design, data, and methodology - The article deals with the issues of legal regulation of social and labor relations in the labor market of Kazakhstan; describes the current model of labor relations and its basic parameters; determines the external and internal factors; specifically, the influence of the new labor law on its further development in the direction of democratization and the establishment of social partnership as a regulatory institution in the labor relations field. Result - Result is the model of the system of social and labor relations proposed by the author, which allows us to cover the multifaceted nature of this phenomenon, to unite the influence of the external environment and the internal complex of their mutual relations and interdependencies. Conclusion - The creation of an effective model of social and labor relations should proceed from the multifaceted nature of their manifestation. This means that the theoretical and methodological basis for their formation should be a comprehensive approach to solving the problems of transformation and interaction of social and economic components.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

In the shortest period of time, we achieved both industrialization and democratization. We also achieved good performance in health care sector. Whole population are covered by health insurance since 1989 and health outcomes, such as infant mortality, life expectance show good level. However, health care system has several problems, rapidly increasing rate of health care expenditure, dissatisfaction of both consumers and suppliers. Current health care system does not reconcile with market competition principle. Causes of these problems originated from 1977 paradigm which was formed to expand health insurance to whole population within short period. Dominant assumption of 1977 paradigm is to assure equitable access of health care by government's command and control. We urgently demand to reform the 1977 paradigm to suitable in 21th century. Our economy entered into a road to advancement. We have concerns how President Lee's administration reform health care system to harmonize with economic development and to achieve advancement in health care sector.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.10-18
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to analyze 1) the law system in relation with the development permissions 2) characteristics of the development permissions change 3) especially focusing on the development permissions changes in agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities in light of socio - economic conditions in Korea Greenbelt. The following results were obtained: 1) The purpose of Greenbelt in Korea is to control the land use in order to protect the surrounding areas from urbanization. 2) During the 1990s, the number of formulated development regulations increased one and half times than that of the previous decades(1970s 1980s). The main reasons are advancements of local autonomy and democratization. 3) Three patterns were observed with respect to ease the regulations in agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities those are: (1) increase in types of businesses ; (2) increase the maximum area permitted ; (3) decrease in qualification for establishing facilities. 4) There were few development permissions in a agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities in consideration to the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.41-71
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to infer the effects on the separation of pharmacy and clinic in the oriental medicine, the unification of the medical system and the medical and pharmaceutical system, etc. from the conflict between the oriental medicine doctors and the pharmacists in 1990s. The results are as follows. 1. The oriental medicine doctors, the pharmacists and a private organization(Citizen's Coalition for Economic Justice) found the solution in the conflict nongovernmently as the government failure. 2. The conflict brought about directly the separation of pharmacy and clinic in the western medicine but the opposite effect in the oriental medicine. 3. The conflict brought about the continuance of the dual medical system. 4. In the part of the medicine, citizen's organizations stated to play their part in the dispute. This is a positive side in the conflict. 5. The conflict contributed to democratization in the medical market and the medical world.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.209-216
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• 2022

The modern development of higher education in Ukraine is the result of two main factors. One of them - the factor of social progress - reflects the transformations inherent in modern Ukrainian society. These include, first of all, the processes of democratization and the development of civic responsibility. European the choice of Ukraine, the integration of our state into the European space determine accordingly, the second factor influencing the development of domestic higher education - the trends that guide the progress of the European Higher Education Area (European Higher Education Area (hereinafter - EHEA) and the European Research Area Research Area, hereinafter - ERA). The strategy of information support of the educational process (approved by the European Commission in 2010) recognizes the leading role of higher education as a driver of social progress, accordingly states the priority - the development of free economic education and identifies indicators of such progress - the achievement and international attractiveness of European free economic education. The information support of modernization challenges in higher education are aimed at the educational process, the leadership position of students, in particular through promotion and implementation of leading achievements and best practices in the context of globalization.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

The labor director system to be introduced into the company law, the labor director must be explained in the Korean company law and the inevitability of its introduction must be persuaded. Conflicts with shareholders' right to appoint institutions are also a task that must be resolved. Management has absolute meaning for shareholders who receive dividends from operating profit. On the other hand, for workers who are guaranteed the right to collective action and are paid for their labor according to the contract law and the labor law, the management must be considered as a partner in labor-management cooperation, so the labor director system may cause confusion. There are growing calls to create a system that can form a 'relationship of understanding, participation, and cooperation', away from the existing 'control and command'-centered manpower management that causes labor-management confrontation and the system can also serve as an opportunity to reduce harmful effects of high-handed personnel administration in public institutions.