• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.6 s.105
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• pp.933-954
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• 2004

This paper considers critically the conceptual development of international environmental security, and to explore some limitations which seem to have made difficult the construction of regional environmental governance among North-East Asian countries. The recently emerging concept of environmental security has turned the traditional or realistic meaning of security to the neo-liberal and the political-economic one. On the basis of a reconsideration of these newly developed meanings of security, this paper has reviewed critically some work which have focused on the concepts of environmental regime and of environmental governance. To formulate a true environmental governance, it is suggested that we need a theoretical analysis on the economic and political contexts and a practical development of civil society. From this point of view, the economic structure of labour division, the political tension and military opposition in the region, and the immaturity and exclusiveness of civil consciousness can be pointed out as some limitations of environmental security to be constructed in the North-East Asian region. A true environmental security in this region requires formation of reciprocal economic relationship, development of regional institutions for political trust among countries, and improvement of interaction between non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.497-526
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• 2019

The importance of "decoupling" to maintain economic growth and reduce greenhouse gases is emerging as the world has been mandated to reduce greenhouse gases since the 2015 Paris Agreement. This study covered 63 countries from 1980 to 2014 and analyzed the main characteristics and causes of decoupling phenomenon between economic growth and carbon emissions. In this study, the degree of decoupling was measured every five years. The analysis found that the decoupling rate of OECD countries and countries with large incomes was high, and that the decoupling phenomenon has accelerated worldwide since the 2000s. However, the degree of decoupling was different depending on the national characteristics. According to the results of dynamic panel model, the growth rate of manufacturing and the proportion of exports hampered decoupling, while the proportion of human capital and renewable energy had a positive effect on decoupling. Also income had a inverse U-shape non-linear effect on decoupling.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-39
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• 2011

This study discusses the phenomenon behind various forms of macroeconomic volatility faced by countries in terms of industrial structure through empirical analysis, and in the process attempts to validate the role of the service industry. The analysis shows that economic fluctuations in Korea have been significantly improved, mainly due to the country risk. However, Korea is still exposed to the impact of external shocks, which is attributable to the manufacturing-centered industrial structure. Under such industrial structure, it is inevitable for the Korean economy to be continuously exposed to macroeconomic fluctuations caused by global sectoral shocks. So, in order to alleviate business fluctuations, it is necessary to enhance the role of non-tradable sectors that account for most of the service industry.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.255-262
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• 2015

In the absence of a deterministic algorithm for economic load dispatch optimization problem (ELDOP), existing algorithms proposed as solutions are inevitably non-deterministic heuristic algorithms. This paper, therefore, proposes a balance-and-swap algorithm to solve an ELDOP. Firstly, it balances the initial value to ${\Sigma}P_i=P_d$ by subsequently reducing power generation for each adult-step and baby-step and selects the minimum cost-generating method. Subsequently, it selects afresh the minimum cost-generating method after an optimization of the previously selected value with adult-step baby-step swap and giant-step swap methods. Finally, we perform the $P_i{\pm}{\beta}$, (${\beta}=0.1,0.01,0.001,0.0001$) swap. When applied to the 3 most prevalently used economic load dispatch problem data, the proposed algorithm has obtained improved results for two and a result identical to the existing one for the rest. This algorithm thus could be applied to ELDOP for it has proven to consistently yield identical results and to be applicable to all types of data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.273-279
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• 2021

Winglets are specialized wingtip devices to reduce induced drag, and they have been installed on Boeing-made aircraft since the 1980s, Airbus has also developed a winglet named 'Sharklet' since 2009 and has started providing them as an option to the A320 Family. The winglet has the effect of improving take-off performance, reducing fuel consumption, increasing payload, and increasing flight distance by reducing the induced drag generated at the tip of the wing. The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual flight data of the sharklet-installed and non-sharklet-installed models of the A321 aircraft to verify the fuel efficiency improvement due to the winglet installation, and to analyze the economic analysis accordingly. Through this, it can be used to determine the winglet installation when introducing an aircraft or to make a decision for upgrading the existing aircraft. To this end, a case study on the aerodynamic characteristics and effects of the winglet installation was conducted, and the economic analysis was verified.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.79-94
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• 2023

This study aims at identifying the characteristics of various income earning activities conducted by small family farms, so-called pluriactivity, in Korea, Traditionally small farm households have been regarded in Korea as those who have not only very limited economic capability, but also very low status in rural society. However, in Europe, since the 1990s, there have been some researches found out the role of small farms in socio-economic development of rural regions. These tended to conclude that such various economic activities of small farms' may contribute to the development of rural region. Introducing the concept of pluriactivity from the European studies, this study carried out surveys and interviews with 38 small farm household in Chungnam region in terms of the fundamental reasons for pluriactivity and the impact on rural economies. The analysis revealed the main reason of pluriactivity could be the lack of income for family. Nevertheless, this study also identified another important reason of pluriactivity that small farms' desire to live in rural areas may drive them to do the pluriactivity. It may mean that farming could not be the main option for them to live in rural areas. In addition, it was confirmed that this pluriactivity has a positive impact on rural areas, such as landscape management, job creation, and cultural provision. Along with this, it was confirmed that there is a difference in pluriactivity characteristics according to age. It then necessary concludes that the rural development policy must consider the characteristics of farm households when they provide the support for farming and non-farming activities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.293-299
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• 2013

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy and to estimate the cost of epilepsy in Korea, 2010. Methods: This study used a prevalence based approach to calculate the cost of epilepsy. Claims data from the Korean national health insurance and data from the Korea health panel, the Korea National Statistical Office's records of causes of death, and labor statistics were used to estimate the cost of epilepsy. Patients were defined as those who were hospitalized or visited an outpatient clinic during 2010 with a diagnosis of epilepsy (International Classification of Diseases 10th revision codes G40-G41). Total costs of epilepsy included direct medical costs, direct non-medical cost and indirect costs. Results: The annual prevalence of treated epilepsy was 228 per 100 000 population, and higher in men. The age-specific prevalence was highest for teenagers. The total economic burden of epilepsy was 536 billion Korean won (KW). Indirect cost (304 billion KW) was 1.3 times greater than direct cost (232 billion KW). By gender, the male (347 billion KW) were more burdened than the female (189 billion KW). The estimated cost in young age younger than 20 years old was 24.5% of the total burden of epilepsy. Conclusions: A significant portion of the economic burden of epilepsy is borne by people in young age. To reduce the economic burden of epilepsy, effective prevention and treatment strategies are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.366-374
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• 2018

In this paper the relationship between the business performance and the importance perception of management activities is analyzed. The analysis is conducted by dividing the analysis time-frame into before and after the economic recession. In addition, we consider the type of industry and the type of government support policy that the companies participate in. According to the results, the management activities, such as the introduction of domestic external technologies and the release of new products, are to have a significant impact on business performance for both before and after the economic recession. The introduction of foreign external technologies is significant before the economic recession, but after the economic recession the fund raising activity is shown to be significant. Management activities that affect business performance of large/small businesses, IT/non-IT companies, high/low R&D firms and the companies participated in various government support policies are different. In other words, it can be found that the support of management activities that can enhance performance should be done in an appropriate way considering the characteristics of the company rather than being provided to all companies in common.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.17-35
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• 2018

This study is to evaluate economic value of the ecosystem service benefits of the marine forests provided to our society on the basis of the global standard valuation manual. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: First, the ecosystem service benefits of marine forests are worth 771,121,551 won per hectare for a year in Korea. Second, when evaluating value based on the services benefits of the marine forests, as resource provisioning service, the annual value of the fishery potential production amounts to 58,512,271 won per hectare. The annual value of the environmental and regulatory services is estimated to total 29,574,000 won per hectare including 546,488 won per hectare for climate regulation, 85,342 won per hectare for pollution purification, and 28,942,170 won per hectare for erosion protection. The annual value of the culture and tourinsm services is estimated to total 15,317,647 won per hectare including 5,011,765 won per hectare for skin scuba service and 10,305,882 won per hectare for sea fishing. Also, the aunnual non-use value is estimate to 637,800,000 won per hectare. Third, assuming that the value of the sea forests increases proportionally to the unit area, the marine forests can be valued at 12.7 trillion won per year based on 12,208.2 hectares of marine forests creation area and 4,272.6 hectares of natural seaweed beds. Fourth, the total economic value of the marine forests can be estimated at 244 trillion won in 2016, if the value of the marine forests permanently continues in the future by applying 5.5% of the social discount rate. The results of this study are expected to serve as a valuable information for improving awareness of the value of marine forests ecosystem and ensuring the validity of the marine forests creation policy by converting the value of the marine forests's ecosystem service into monetary units.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.5
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• pp.615-620
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• 2001

This paper is a study on the model that measures economic values for the non-market properties of Electronic Commerce(EC). For development of this model, first of all, we reviewed the properties of EC service, and looked around the relation between customer satisfaction and/or payment value and EC properties. In addition, we checked the method to measure economic values of these properties. This measurement method is the contingent valuation method which is a method of measuring the value of the environmental product. We modified it to adapt to the EC. Finally, in this paper, we proposed an economic value model which measures the value of willingness to pay(WTP) to our objectives. However, there could be some restrictions at the time when surveying empirically. Therefore, the succeeding study should be done in order to improve these restrictions some day.