• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2020

Economic Development Zone(EDZ) in the province is one of the foreign policy for economic development of North Korea. North Korea has promulgated 27 Economic Development Zones(5 EDZs as central level and 22 EDZs as provincial level) to promote economic growth through the expansion of external opening policy. EDZs of the provinces play an important role in North Korea's national and regional economic growth. The purpose of this study is to select analytical criteria that can be quantified when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones when domestic companies advance into North Korea according to the progress of inter-Korean economic cooperation, and derive the relative importance between the criteria. After that, based on this, we intend to quantify the evaluation of the location priority of the economic development zone. In this study, through AHP analysis results, when domestic companies enter North Korea, we derive the importance and preference of location selection factors when considering the location conditions of North Korean economic development zones. Taking into account the reality of North Korea when the Korean company entered the North economic development zone following location for evaluation. That is, logistics and transportation, industrial infrastructure, competitiveness, and management incentives. And 14 sub-factors were selected and AHP analysis was performed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 2022

North-South Korea economic integration is progressing slowly given the sensitive responses to changes in internal and external conditions. Nevertheless, advanced discussions focusing on North-South Korean economic cooperation should continue. Given this background, various studies of the economic effects of economic integration between North and South Korea have been conducted, but research on agricultural issues has been limited. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the economic integration of South and North Korea on the agricultural market. In this study, a simultaneous equation model was constructed using a growth model. Solow's growth accounting approach is used to construct a model for estimating the macroeconomic effect of North-South economic integration. Also, the construction of growth accounting formulas subdivided into South and North Korea as well as agriculture and non-agricultural fields during the construction of the growth model is a major research achievement and differentiates it from previous studies. It is expected that the results of this study will serve as basic information for preparing policy measures to promote integration. However, there are many limitations when estimating the economic effects of North-South agricultural integration and obtaining policy implications given the insufficient available statistical data on agriculture in North Korea and the lack of related studies in the agricultural field. Therefore, it should be noted that there is an inherent problem in that the analysis results vary greatly depending on the assumptions set, as there is inevitably no choice but to rely on many and strong assumptions.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 2018

Models of South-North Korean economic integration have the problem of circular reasoning. While many studies argue that South-North Korean economic integration would contribute to alleviate security risks in the Korean peninsular, they emphasize the success of any economic model of inter-Korean economic integration is subject to favorable geo-political and security environment. It is a failure in distinguishing between goals and constraints. After identifying three major goals of South-North Korean economic cooperation, this study shows the trilemma among the goals; they are 1) formation of a complete economic community, 2) maintaining independent sovereignty of the two Koreas, 3) promotion of mutual economic interests. The trilemma suggests that it is theoretically impossible to achieve the above three goals at the same time. Only two goals are achievable simultaneously. This study argues that the most practical option is to pursue the combination of goals 2) and 3) considering the complex political and security environment around the Korean peninsular. Recognizing that North Korea is the least developed country in the Northeast Asia region, South Korea's initiatives for inter-Korean economic cooperation should focus on assisting industrialization and integration of the North Korea economy into the Northeast Asian regional production sharing structure. In view of the 'flying geese model' of the sequential industrialization in the region, the least developed economic status of North Korea can partially be explained by its failure to participate in the production network in the region as well as lack of effective implementation of appropriate industrial policy. Therefore, promotion of industrialization of North Korea should be the immediate goal of economic cooperation between North and South Korea. It is an interesting fact that North Korea has rapidly expanded its apparel exports in recent years. It could mean that the North Korean economy is actively responding to the dynamics of international comparative advantage structure, although the production activities are limited to exports to China since the closure of the Gaesung Industrial Complex. The recent increase in apparel export is a starting point for incorporating the Easy Import Substitution fulfilling both domestic and neighboring regional demand of North Korea. It could help integrate North Korea's industry into the production network of Northeast Asia. An immediate policy implication is that the economic cooperation between the two Koreas should focus on facilitating this process and supporting North Korea's industrial policy through South Korea's contribution of capital, technology, and service intermediary inputs.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.323-348
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• 2000

Facing the current difficulties of fisheries industry nationally and internationally, economic cooperations between South and North Korea are needed urgently. Applying the process of economic integration to fisheries sector of separated nation, cooperation processes are divided as follows; (1) indirect and direct fisheries trade, (2) reciprocal use of fishing grounds, (3) joint venture in fisheries sector, (4) free movement of production factors and common fisheries policy. Here, fisheries trade falls under economic interchange stage. Reciprocal use of fishing ground and fisheries joint venture come in economic cooperation stage. Finally. free factor movement and common fisheries policy are related with economic integration stage. This paper investigates the schemes for fisheries cooperation between South and North Korea in preparation for a unified Korea, focusing on fisheries trade. The paper is composed of 5 chapters. Chapter 2 discusses structure and characteristics of North Korea trade, and trade situation between South and North Korea. Then, the present condition of North Korea fisheries industry and fisheries trade trend between South and North Korea are presented in chapter 3. Next, chapter 4 tackles the most common problems encountered in fisheries trade between South and North Korea, and the devices and schemes to raise fisheries trade between South and North Korea. Finally, chapter 5 summarizes and concludes the research results.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to suggest issues of South and North Korea's common fisheries policy that is expected to be realized in the process of economic integration between the two countries. The paper has shown feasible policy alternatives of fisheries cooperation according to the steps of economic integration between the two countries. The paper has examined the possibilities and economic effects of several policy alternatives as follows : South Korea's fishing in North Korea's fishing area with fishing fee, limited reciprocal fishing in the opposite countrie's fishing zone, joint, ventures between two countries, and South and Nort Korea's common fisheries policy.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2020

Since the mid-to-late 1990s, there have obviously been many changes in the North Korean economy. Since the change has been more pronounced since Kim Jong Un took power in 2012, the purpose of the paper is to track the trend of economic policy by timing. In this paper, I use LDA Topic Modeling, a text-mining analyzer method, to analyze the economics journal "Economic Research," which is a representative literature in the economic field published in North Korea. An in-depth analysis of the "economic research," which has an unrivaled position as an economic journal produced in North Korea, can be said to be an essential task in tracking the reality, limitations facing the economy and alternatives that North Korean authorities are aware of. Through the "Economic Research," where various topics of debate on the North Korean economy are hidden, the North Korean leader's economic policy flow is examined and the contents of the "change" intended by the current Kim Jong-un regime are analyzed.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present policy implications by analyzing the residential environment in North Korea under the Kim Jong-un regime. Research design, data, and methodology: Residential environment analysis was reviewed by dividing it into physical, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and policy aspects. Results: Pyongyang are considerably superior due to it being the residence of the country's leadership and middle class. Secondly, there is a concerning problem with the provision of substandard housing. Construction materials are in short supply, and unreasonable timelines often lead to uninhabitable houses, signaling a need for assistance in housing construction. Thirdly, there is a severe lack of essential residential infrastructure, such as reliable electricity and clean water supply, which significantly impacts the quality of life. Lastly, due to the country's economic hardships, basic housing rights are not guaranteed, leading to deplorable living conditions for many North Koreans. The report suggests that these issues should be addressed through international aid to guarantee the basic human rights of North Koreans. Conclusions: In North Korea, the poor living environment deteriorates the health and quality of life of citizens and adversely affects social and economic development. Therefore, international support and cooperation to improve the living environment of North Koreans is important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.159-173
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• 1998

Assuming the united Korea, total population is estimated to be 70 million and grain demand for the people is estimated to reach 30 million metric tons. Cultivated land in North Korea is about the same as South Korea i.e. 2 million hectares. However grain production in North Korea is about one half of South Korea's, 6 million metric tons in the South and 3 million metric tons in the North a year. This implies that the United Korea need to import more than 20 million metric tons of grain a year and it will trigger many economic and social problems for the United Korea. In order to meet deficient grain supply, the United Korea can choose three possible policy options; importation of grains or increased investment in foreign agricultural development or increase in domestic supply Among the possible policy options, increase in domestic supply is desirable and can be achieved by developing North Korea's grain supply potential. North Korean agricultural development can also be achieved most effectively through cooperation between the South and North. An effective policy option for agricultural cooperation between the South and North is supply of agricultural inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides and exchanges of agricultural technology. Cooperation between the South and North in the agricultural sector should be achieved and developed further to solve the potential food problem before unification.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2023

Purpose - This study is the first field study about the insurance market in North Korea. By analysing the information and the data collected from the visit to North Korea, we introduced the most recent change on the insurance market in North Korea and analyzed the impact of the change of economic policy on the insurance market. This study may enhance the understanding the current situation and provide expectations on the future of the insurance market in North Korea. Design/methodology/approach - This study is based on the field study doen in 2018 to Pyeong Yang, the capital of North Korea, The most information was collected from the legal documents, news papers and academic reports. Findings - During his regime from the year of 2012, Kim Jong Eun, the Supreme Leader of North Korea, initiated the drastic change in economic renovation policy in North Korea by shifting the economic system from the commodity economy to the market economy. Due to the policy, the insurance market in North Korea became marginally privatized and the market of life insurance contracts is expected to be increased if North Korea may resolve the political conflicts between North Korea and the United States and its allies in Asia mainly due to its nuclear testing. Research implications or Originality - Until now, very few studies have been done regarding the financial market in North Korea, especially about the insurance market. Our study provides unique information on the insurance market in North Korea because all the information and its implications are based on the field study in 2018.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.343-362
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• 2007

Inter-Korean Economic Cooperation needs to a different strategy for developing synergy effects, suggesting they should be selected for role to the unification Korea. In the this paper, Three policy-strategies is suggested as follows. Firstly, Economic Cooperation Driving Committee of Inter-Korean Digital Cultural Content is necessary the recovering of cultual consubstantiality and the operating of business partnership in the divided peninsular. Secondly, To cultural contents cooperation between South-North Korea. the exchange of learning and information must be activated constantly. as the cultural contents is creative industrial, it needs for imagination and creative of human and understanding of a fine arts, a traditional arts. Thirdly, A policy and system is inevitable to construction of Inter Korean Cooperation Digital Contents. South-North Korea, including a North Korea having a excellent cultural heritage, must jointly recovery for cultural contents. Under social-economic system, a consumers of digital contents pay to the format creator many royalty. Therefore, We must prepare to roll out a series of new creative contents, and have competitive advantages in the global market.