중소기업적합업종선정이 프랜차이즈산업에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (Study on the effect of small and medium-sized businesses being selected as suitable business types, on the franchise industry)
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- 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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- 제17권5호
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- pp.1-23
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- 2012
대기업과 중소기업의 갈등이 심화되고 있고 낙수효과 또한 제대로 작동하지 않고 있으며 사업조정제도의 실효성에 대한 논란이 이어지고 있는 가운데 중소기업의 사업영역을 보호하고 중소 대기업간 양극화를 해소하며 더불어 골목상권도 보호하기 위한 방안으로 도입된 것이 중소기업 적합업종 지정제도이다. 중소기업 적합업종의 추진현황은 제조업분야로 중소기업 적합업종 품목 중 234개 품목을 신청 접수 받아 실태조사 및 분석하여 조정협의체의 품목을 선정하였다. 서비스업분야에서의 적합업종 지정은 사회적 갈등이 있는 업종부터 지정할 계획인데, 중소기업 및 소상공인의 생업과 관련된 3개 대분류 서비스업종을 대상으로 우선 지정하고 추후 순차적으로 확대할 예정이다. 하지만 중소기업 적합업종 품목으로 선정될 경우에는 중소기업의 성장 동기가 저해될 우려가 있으며, 중소기업 적합업종 품목 지정은 소비자 후생 감소가 나타날 수 있다. 또한 사전적 규제로 작용할 소지가 높을 뿐만 아니라 경쟁을 제도적으로 제한함으로써 부작용이 나타날 우려가 있으며 FTA 체제의 주요 규정에 대한 위배 가능성도 있다. 뿐만아니라 대기업에 대한 역차별 요인이 충분히 반영되지 않고 있다는 점도 문제점으로 지적된다. 특히 중소기업 적합업종제도가 대기업의 주력분야와 관계없는 서비스업에 대한 진출 확대로 인해 중소기업 및 소상공인과의 갈등을 초래하고 있는 실정이므로 중소기업이나 중소상인의 보호를 위해서는 프랜차이즈시스템을 통해서 지역 중소기업을 발전시키고 마스터 프랜차이즈나 지역 프랜차이즈 시스템과 같은 선진 계약 방식을 도입하는 것이 필요하다. 하지만 이러한 방식은 기업들의 경쟁력과 운영방식을 한층 더 진일보 시켜 중소 프랜차이즈기업의 경쟁력 강화에 기여하는 효과도 있지만 부정적 측면이 더 많다고 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 지식경제부가 밝히고 있듯이, 프랜차이즈산업은 자영업자의 창업 성공률을 높여주고, 기존 자영업자를 조직화하여 규모의 경제를 통한 경쟁력 강화에 기여할 뿐만 아니라 다양한 서비스를 소비자에게 제공함으로써 내수시장을 확대하고, 일자리 창출에 기여하는 등 자영업자 경쟁력 제고와 서비스 산업 활성화를 위한 '유용한 수단'임을 강조하고 정부 서민안정 대책으로 밝힌바 있다. 이러한 관점에서 본다면, 프랜차이즈는 적합업종 제도의 취지에 부합하는 것이며 이에 반하는 것이 아님을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 적합업종으로 지정될 경우 국제적 경쟁력을 갖고 있는 국내 프랜차이즈 대기업들의 위축과 사기저하로 인하여 해외진출과 R&D, 식품안전에 대한 투자 감소와 더불어 국내 진출한 해외 기업들의 사업 확장에 부정적 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 또한 국내 진출한 다국적 해외 프랜차이즈기업들과의 경쟁력을 확보하는 것이 무엇보다도 시급한 국내 프랜차이즈산업 현실에서 국제적 경쟁력 확보의 어려움뿐만 아니라 국내에 진출한 해외 프랜차이즈기업들과의 역차별이 발생할 수도 있다. 셋째, 중소기업 적합업종 품목 지정은 지금까지 제품을 사용해 왔던 소비자들의 선택의 기회를 제한함과 동시에 소비자의 후생을 감소시키는 부정적인 효과를 초래한다. 또한 중소기업 간의 역차별 문제를 발생시켜 소수 중소기업이 시장을 독점함으로써 소비자 선택의 폭이 줄어들 가능성이 있으므로 제품의 효용을 판단하는 역할은 국가가 아닌 소비자의 몫으로 남겨두어야 한다. 마지막으로는 프랜차이즈와 관련하여 이미 가맹사업법과 그리고 공정거래위원회의 모범거래기준 등의 시행으로 공정거래는 확보하고 있으므로 앞으로도 부족한 부분은 이들을 보완하여 진행하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 중소기업 적합업종 지정으로 이중삼중으로 규제하는 것은 오히려 프랜차이즈 분야에 과도한 제한이 될 것이다. 이제 국내 프랜차이즈산업에서도 한국의 문화를 전파하는 세계적 프랜차이즈기업이 성장할 수 있는 환경조성과 정부의 적극적인 지원이 필요하다. 따라서 프랜차이즈 기업의 성장 과정이나 배경을 고려하지 않고 현재 대기업이라는 이유만으로 이들에게 불이익을 주는 일은 없어야 한다. 프랜차이즈기업의 성장억제로 인하여 결국 가맹점의 매출감소는 물론이고 심지어는 폐업하는 가맹점의 숫자를 증가시키는 또 다른 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 중소기업 적합업종제도가 대기업의 발목을 잡는 것이 아니라 소상공인과 중소기업의 경쟁력 제고와 동반성장을 목표로 하고 있는 만큼 대기업과 소상공인 및 중소기업이 상생과 협력을 바탕으로 거래관계를 지속하는 프랜차이즈 기업들이 포함되지 않도록 하는 것이 타당할 것이다.
1957년 이래 1999년 8월까지 약 313회의 우주발사 실패가 있었다. NASA의 '우주수송을 발전시킨다'라는 목표하에서, 제6의 목적은 우주선의 사고발생위험을 10년내에 1/40으로, 25년내에 1/140으로 낮춘다는 것이다. 이는 곧 우주개발이 아직도 얼마나 위험한 것인가를 보여주는 통계자료이다. 왜 이렇게 위험한 우주여행을 감수하면서, 우주개발에 뛰어드는 것인가? 우주개발은 경제적인 측면에서 인공위성을 이용한 통신 및 방송산업은 21세기 초에이룩될 우주산업의 가장 큰 분야가 될 전망이다. 특히, 우주의 특수한 환경인 무중력상태와 지구상보다 1,000 배나 높은 진공상태를 이용한 새로운 반도체의 개발 및 생산 그리고 신약의 개발 등이 활발하게 이루어질 것인데, 지난 1986년부터 지난달까지 운용되던 러시아의 "미르" 우주정거장에서는 수정을 생산하여 판매 하였다. 현재 우주산업은 미국, EU, 일본 등 소수 선진국들이 주도하고 있으며, 세계우주산업 시장규모는 년 평균 10% 이상 지속적인 신장이 이루어질 것으로 전망하고 있으며, 특히 민간용 이동통신산업 확대, 우주탐사활동 증대, 우주정거장사업 추진등으로 우주산업 규모는 비약적으로 신장할 것으로 예측되며, 최근 5년간 ED와 일본은 연평균 15
In order that, investigating the feature of patients suffering arthritis, analysing its contents, and grasping a Primary factor affecting it, I might offerbasic datas which could help to plan and perform healthy affairs to thake precautions beforehand, I have investigated, analysed, and studied a total of 320 patients suffering arthritis, who have received physiotherapy in hospital located in Teaegu area for five months, from November 1 1995 to March 30 1996, of which summary and conclusion is this. 1. The general feature of patients in investigative objects In the distribution of the distinction of sex, men accounted for 26.9% and women, for 73.1%, and, in the fistribution of age, 60-year-old or more, most for 27.2% and from 20 to 29 years old, least for 14.0%. In the distinction of a vocation, housewives most accounted for 34.7% and students(jobless men), least for 19.3%. In the distinction of a matrimonial state, married persons most accounted for 76.7% and people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), least for 11.4%. In the distinction of an economic state, the middle classes most accounted for 73.5% and the upper classes, least for 2.9%. In the distinction of their academic careers, graduates of a primary school most accounted for 26.9% and graduates of university, for 14.1%, of which patients, having the ability to decode the national language, reached to 11.3%. In the distinction of the house form, people living in independent houses most accounted for 76.4% and residents in apartment(having an elevator), least for 9.4%. 2. In the distribution of the recurring state in the distinction of the feature, the recurring group was more than the group of patients falling that ill at first as 62.2% and in the distinction of the feature of the recurring group, the recurring group turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), students (joblessmen), people working in farming, stockbeeding, forestry, fisheries, a simple labour, graduates of a primary school I having the ability to decode the national language, the upper classes, people part two years since they begined to suffer arthritis, people who had members having ever experienced arthritis among families. 3. In the distribution of arthritis on the distinction of bodily pars, a knee articulation most accounted for 50.2% and the articulation of fingers, for 8.8%, wile the simultaneous, several parts (multiple) accounted for 35.1%. In the distinction of the feature, arthritis of a knee turned high in case of men being from 20s to 30s years old, unmarried persons, people having academic careers of university, the middle classes, residents in apartment (having stairs). In the dictnction of a feature the case of several parts (multiple) turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce, separation by death, separation), people having the ability to decode th. national language, the graduates of a primary school, the upper classes, residents in apartment (having elevator). 4. In the distribution of arthritis on e distinction of a contracting term, two years or more most accounted for 51.6% and the case of contacting from one year to two years, for 15.3%. Analysing the distinction of the feature, the case of two years or more turned high in case of women being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone (divorce separation by death, separation), the upper classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, residents in apartment (having elevator). 5. In the distribution of an treatment institution before patients came to help, their not curing most accounted for 39.1%, general, orthopedic, neurological surgery (physical therapy), for. 20.0%, and th. therapy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), for 17.5%, and a pharmacy (medical therapy), for 13.4%. The case of patients not curing, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in case of men 20s years old, unmarried, the lower classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having elevator). 6. In e distribution of the extent of satisfaction with treatment, common most accounted for 54.4% and some satisfaction, for 32.8%. The case of common, in the distinction of a feature, turned high, in case of men living alone from 50s to 60s years old (divorce, separation by death, separation), married persons, the upper classes, people having academic careers of university, residents in independent house, residents in apartment (having elevator), 7. In the distribution of the degree of knowledge of the cause of arthritis, patients knowing that the cause is to use very much a articulation in normal times most accounts for 60.1%, and patients knowing the state of short nutrition as a cause, for 2.5%. The case of patients knowing that the cause is to use very much in normal times, in the distinction of a feature, turned high in·case of ment being 20s and 60s years old or more, unmarried persons, e lower classes, people having the ability to decode. the national language, people having academic careers of university, residents in apartment (having stairs), 8. In the distribution of the state of physical exercise before arthritis contracted, patients exercising very much on the whole most accpimend for 40.3%, and patients not exercising, for 34.7%. The case of patients exercising very much on the whole, in the distinction of the feature, turned high in case of men being from 50s to 60s years old or more, people living alone(divorce, separation by death, separation), the lower classes, people having the ability to decode the national language, graduates of a primary school, residents in apartment (having elevator). 9. In the taste of patients suffering from arthritis, while the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group didn't smoke cigarets, during alcohol and coffee on the whole, and the group of patients falling once again that ill drank a cup of distilled linquor and three cup of coffee or more on the whole per one day, and the group of patients falling that ill at first liked sort of vegetables and the recurring group liked very much sons of vegetables and fresh and meat in their loving food normal times. 10. Analysing the distribution on the dining table used by patients and the structure of a powder room, at first, in the structure of a powder room, the group of patients filling that ill have a toilet stool using as their sits, and a Bush toilet on the whole, and the recurring group, a toilet stool using as their sits and conventional type, and in the structure of a dinning table, the group of patients falling that ill at first and the recurring group turned high, each as 66.9% and 6.3%, who have a dining table carring here and there. 11. In the distribution of patients of arthritis in relation to stress, the case that they feeled severly symptoms of arthritis when thay got stress, turned high, each, as 78.6% in the recurring poop, and the case not knowing, as 61.5% in the first group. In the extent of stress normal times, the case that they got much stress on the whole turned high, each, as 72.4% in e recurring group, and the care that got less stress on the whole, as 60.0%. 12. In the distribution on the distinction of symptoms and impedimental extent, the recurring group turned high in each variable. Analysing the feature of the recurring group, in the distinction of symptoms, the case that they fooled much that the node of an articulation is stiff, turned high, as 71.6, and in the distinction of treatment before. patients came to helpk, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (physical theraphy), as 84.4%, the theraphy of Chinese medicine (acupuncture, moxacautery, Chinese medicine), as 73.2%, and in the distinction of the satisfing extent on treatment, the case of comman, as 72.3%, and in the cause of arthritis, the case not recruiting their health after a birth, as 68.5%, and the case not recovering wholely an articulation having got hurt, as 62.8%, and in the state of physical exercise before they begined suffering from arthritis, the case exercising very much on the whole, (as 74.2%), and in the extent of subjective impediment, the case of not being able to act almost, as 66.7%, the case of acting but feeling some hard, as 66.3%. 13. The correlation in variables in relation to arthritis Analysing realted variables, the recurring frequency showed correlation with such as the extent that patients got stress normal times, and the exercising state before suffering arthritis, and showed contra-correlation with academic careers, the wights, coffee. The cigaret, e loving food of taste, showed corralation with the weight, stature, alcohole as the loving food of taste. On the basis of this result medical members of heal, who are related to the regular education, public education or development of this program, should be concerned to prevent orthris.
This survey was made for a month starting from November 15 to December 15, 1977 covering 711 students taking the junior. (3rd-yea.) and the senior. (4th-year) at nine college of nursing in Seoul concerning their perception and Attitude toward the profession of nursing, motive for the necessity of learning, environment of study, attitude of study and particulars relevant with study performance, particulars of library, references and reading, assignments and particulars of the degree of confidence for the learning achievement. Through the survey of the above Particulars, the following results were obtained by classifying all subject matters and by analysing motive of the selection of their course, awarding or not awarding of scholarships. 1. General characteristics: it was revealed that 406 students (57.1%) were attending at the junior. while 305 students (42.9%) were taking the senior. Thus, the total number was 711 and their average age was 21.4 years. Their dwelling category was; 73.9 percent of them resided at their parent's home, 214 students (30.1%) were awarded with scholarships. The reason to be attracted by nursing science was the possibility of continuing social life after graduation (43.5%). 2. Their perception and attitude toward the profession of nursing: According to the perception of profession by the students of each grade, students of the 4th grade showed comparatively strong conception. Also, students of the 4th grade showed more positive attitude in the purchase and reading of magazines relative with the science of nursing, in the reading of Code for Nurses and in their interest in the activity of nursing field. For the necessity of mission of nurse, 97.7 percent of the entire number of students covered responded to necessity. For the necessity of the particular humanity and particularity in the character of nurses, 95.8 percent of those students responded to necessity. By the each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more response. 3. As to professional field desired after completing the professional course: 57 percent of those students desired for clinician nurse while 55 percents desired for community health-nurse. 4. As to the environment of study: they were mostly satisfied with their present residential environment. However, they complained of inconvenience at their lecture-halls. Students of the 3rd grade showed more complain. As to their attitude toward the adjustment of environment of study, they showed a affirmative response. As to the opinion of factors which interfere with their study, comparatively strong response was showed in their scepticism in the science of nursing, insufficient comprehension in general learning, relation with professors n4 discrepancy in the method of study. According to opinions of students at each grade, students of the 4th grade showed more scepticism. 5. Particulars relative with their attitude and performance of study : As to their knowledge of the objectives of their study of subject, the majority was to study with a partial knowledge of the objectives of their study. As to the plan of study, a low percentage indicated management of routine life under regular scheduling. Students of the 4th grade responded to rather planned life. As to time spent in independent study, response to concentrated study when necessary was stronger than that to regular daily study. Students of the 4th grade showed stronger response to regular study than that of the 3rd grade. As to the contents of their note-taking, 67.4 percents of those students responded to such regulatory procedure performing in the lecture-hall as they listen to lectures. 17.3 percents of those students showed response to adding supplementary informations from references to what was entered in choir note-taking at their lecture-halls. 6. Particulars of library, references and reading books: As to receiving of instruction for the utilization of library and time of receiving such instruction 64.7 percents of those students had received such instruction. 66.7 percents of the those responded received such instruction at orientation conducted for freshmen. As to the convenience of the utilization of library, 49.9 percents of those students responded to convenience. However, students of the 3rd grade showed a much stronger response to inconvenience. As to the time of the utilization of library,92.5 percents of those students showed a response to occasional utilization for particular purpose than regular utilization. 53.2 percents of those students responded to ordinary in quantity that library have references. 34.2 percents of those students responded to insufficient. As to the particular relative with the method and field of reading: 53.5 percents of those students responded to intensive reading and was the majority. As to the reading field, fiction u as the majority. When read any books for their major, they usually rend Korean text-b, oks. 7. Particular relative with giving assignment: All respondents were well aware of the objectives of giving home tasks. As to the attitude toward assignments and performing home tasks, 54.8 percents of those students to making ostentatious study because of an excessive quantity of assignments imposed. For performing assignment, they showed comparatively positive response. Also, 52.2 percents of those students responded that they usually submitted complected assignment with references. 8. As to motive to realize the necessity of study : 55.6 percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in communication with patients when they were engaged in clinical practice. Also, 8.6, the lowest percents of those students responded that they realized such necessity in the course of conversation with nurses when they were engaged in clinical practice. 9. As to the determination of their confidence in the performance of study relative with clinical experience: They showed a general inclination of having in nursing. The major response was that they came to well comprehend the patients families. the lowest response was that they could apply what was learned at lecture-hall to practice. This response incidentally showed the distance the lecture-hall and practical study. In general items, students of the 4th grade showed more favorable response than students of the 3rd grade and there was a significant difference. 10. As to the perception and attitude toward profession according to the motive of selecting the nursing science : Those who selected the nursing voluntarily showed stronger conception than those who selected the nursing through indirect influence. However, there was no significant difference on this point. Only there was a remarkable difference in the reading of Code for Nurses. 11. Those who showed a stronger conception in the profession of nursing according to the motives of attractive nursing science indicated a strong will and ability to manage stable life and comparatively strong response was shown in the management of good home life because of the good adaptability of the science to their character. This group showed a strong conception of the profession than those who responded that they prefer this profession out of a longing for the work of a hospital and for the easy obtaining of opportunity to immigrate to over seas and for economic cause and for high school grade. There was significant difference between these two groups, 12. As to the conception and attitude toward the profession of nursing according to benefits by scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarship showed stronger conception of profession than those who did not receive scholarship and there was a remarkable difference between these two categories. However, there was no remarkable difference between these two categories in the extent of interest of the activities of nursing fields and in the reading of Code for Nurses. 13. As activation for study according to the benefits of scholarships, those who were benefitted by scholarships showed stronger response to the motive for study comparing with those who receive. 14. As to tile field of reading according to the benefits by scholarships, those who received scholarships tended to read autobiographies and essayers to a considerable extent. Those who did not receive scholarships tended to read novels. Those who received scholarships more read nursing boots than those who did not receive scholarships. 15. As to the attitude of study and doing of assignment according to benefits of scholarships, those who received scholarships managed a favorable life with schedules for study, More students of receiving scholarship showed a regular study for more than one hour per day. Also, in the method of doing home tasks, more students of receiving scholarship showed reference to relative books frequently for the submission of completed assignments.
본 연구는 중부지역의 중심지로 발전하고 있는 대전광역시를 대상으로 노령화 지구의 공간적 분포 패턴을 분석하고자 하였다. 그 결과 노령화 지구는 대전광역시 CBD지역과 CBD인접지역, 그리고 주변지역간에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내고 있으며, 그 분포에 있어서도 양극화 현상이 뚜렷함을 확인하였다. 그리고 인구감소지구는 노령화지구와 대체로 중복되어 있고, 비노령인구의 전출에 의하여 노령인구비율이 높아지고 있으며, 인구증가지구는 노령화 지구와 전혀 중복되어 나타나지 않고, 비노령인구의 전입에 의해 노령인구비율이 낮아지고 있다. 인구이동에 의한 노령인구의 증가여부를 확인하기 위하여 각 그룹별로 연령 코호트 분석방법을 이용하여 노령화 지구의 출현요인을 분석한 결과, 인구노령화의 진행 은 인구의 사회적 증감률 변화와 매우 밀접하게 관련되어 있고, 특히 비노령인구의 전출에 의해 노령인구비율이 높아지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. CBD지역과 CBD인접지역을 포함한 중심시가지에서는 결혼, 새로운 주택취득에 의한 세대분리 등의 전출, 즉, 비노령인구의 전출이 인구노령화를 촉진하는 주요인이 되고 있고, 반면 주변지역에서는 비노령인구의 지구의로의 전출뿐 아니라 새롭게 노령인구로 편입되어져 가는 연령층 인구와 사망률의 저하에 따른 평균수명의 연장으로 인한 노령인구의 절대적 증대가 인구노령화를 촉진하는 요인으로 작용하고 있다.