• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.44
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• pp.373-391
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• 2016

Since the 2000's, interest toward Africa in Korea has increased rapidly. Korea's interest in Africa began in the second half of the 1960's. However, this interest in the 1960's was motivated by political and diplomatic necessity at the time rather than the needs of indigenous groups in Africa. Korea had to oppose North Korea's diplomatic expansion in Africa to gain the support of international organizations like the United Nations. This interest in Africa motivated by diplomatic needs vanished quickly after the end of the cold war in the 1990's. Authentic Korean interest in Africa began to emerge in the 2000's. Korea's rising international status based on economic development led to a natural interest in Africa, which was the last frontier on earth. As a result, African studies in Korea increased significantly after 2010. The increase in the number of theses, articles and books was remarkable from 2010-2016, in comparison with 1957-2010. In spite of the increase in the quantity of thesis, articles, and books, the problem with Korea's African studies is above all, its preponderance. Over 75% of thesis and 70% of articles are concentrated in the domain of politics and economics. This reflects the fact that Korea's interest in Africa is based on short term political and economic interest, indicating that Korea's African studies did not deviate from the rudimentary phase in its quantity and quality. Another problem with Korea's African studies is the lack of integration of different types of research. African studies in Korea has three components, government funded research centers, university laboratories and individual researchers. The government funded research centers focus on the overview of African nations and their political and economic information. University laboratories mainly perform research on the theoretical aspects of politics, economics, human sciences and culture in Africa. Individual researchers are concerned with various categories. However, these three groups have failed to achieve a synergic effect on African studies in Korea and most of the research on Africa does not extend beyond each academic area. To overcome this problem, first of all, a live exchange may be necessary between domestic researchers.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

This study intended to verify the importance and effectiveness of youth economic education by examining how perception towards youth economic education affects creativity, sociability and leadership in an age of convergence. As a result of the online survey, perception towards the importance of youth economic education affirmatively affected creativity and the perception towards effectiveness of youth economic education affirmatively affected creativity, sociability and leadership. Moreover, creativity, sociability, and leadership were higher when interest in economic education was high. This study showed that affirmative perception and interest towards youth economic education are effective in developing creativity, sociability and leadership.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-91
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• 2022

Recent years have witnessed renewed interest in Africa and public diplomacy has emerged as the vital tool being used to cultivate these relations. China has been leading in pursuing stronger economic partnership with Africa while middle powers such as Korea are also intensifying engagement with the continent. While previous studies have analyzed the implications of China's activities in Africa on advanced powers, none has examined them from the paradigm of middle powers. This study fills this gap by assessing China's activities in Africa, their economic engagement and implications for Korea's interest in Africa. The analysis is qualitative based on secondary data from various sources and literature. The study shows that China's public diplomacy strategy involves a high degree of innovation and has evolved to encompass new tools and audiences. China has institutionalized a cooperative model that permeates many aspects of governance institutions in Africa, enabling it to strengthen their relations. This could also be helping China to adjust faster leadership transitions in Africa. Whereas the US is still the most influential country in Africa, China is influential in economic policies and has outstripped the US in infrastructure diplomacy. This could be because African policy makers align more with China's economic model than the US' mainstream economics. Chinese aid to Africa has been diversified to social sectors that are more responsive to the needs of Africa. Trade and investment relations between China and Africa have deepened, but so does trade imbalance since 2010. China mainly imports natural resources and raw materials from Africa. But this product portfolio is not different from Korea and the US. China's energetic insertion in Africa using various strategies has significant implications for countries with ambitions in Africa. Korea can achieve its ambitions in Africa by focusing resources in areas it can leverage its core strengths-such as education and vocational training, environmental policy and development cooperation.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.391-398
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• 2024

Given the further promotion of economic globalization, China's financial market has also expanded. However, at present, this market faces substantial risks. The main financial and economic risks in China are in the areas of policy, credit, exchange rates, accounting, and interest rates. The current status of China's financial market is as follows: insufficient attention from upper management; insufficient innovation in the development of the financial economy; and lack of a sound financial and economic risk protection system. To further understand the current situation of China's financial market, we conducted a questionnaire survey on the financial market and reached the following conclusions. A comprehensive enterprise questionnaire from the government's perspective, the enterprise's perspective and the individual's perspective showed that the following problems exist in the financial and economic risk prevention aspects of big data and Internet of Things in China. The political system at the country's grassroots level is not comprehensive enough. The legal regulatory system is not comprehensive enough, leading to serious incidents of loan fraud. The top management of enterprises does not pay enough attention to financial risk prevention. Therefore, we constructed a financial and economic risk prevention model based on big data and Internet of Things that has effective preventive capabilities for both enterprises and individuals. The concept reflected in the model is to obtain data through Internet of Things, use big data for screening, and then pass these data to the big data analysis system at the grassroots level for analysis. The data initially screened as big data are analyzed in depth, and we obtain the original data that can be used to make decisions. Finally, we put forward the corresponding opinions, and their main contents represent the following points: the key is to build a sound national financial and economic risk prevention and assessment system, the guarantee is to strengthen the supervision of national financial risks, and the purpose is to promote the marketization of financial interest rates.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.65-76
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• 2023

Purpose: It suggests that in order to compare economic development between large cities, this paper aims to exclude factors such as GDP, trade, manpower, R&D, then present newly an analysis of others (inflation, exports, middle-class, competitiveness, digital). Research design, data, and methodology: In the period of rapid digitalization of the world, we would like to deal with different analysis factors than before. This is because digitalization and prices have the greatest impact on the region in terms of national competitiveness. Random sampling was used as the sample size of this study to generate various values for the annual income of the middle class and the competitiveness index, and the analysis method was used. This is because the income of the middle class can lead the digitalization of the country and accelerate it to standardization. Results: Based on these analysis, it is necessary to reduce the inflation rate of digitalization, it is necessary to lower inflation rates. This can be more fundamental than interest rates. If the demand for digitalization is reduced, national competitiveness, national competitiveness will lower national competitiveness. By building a hub for middle class, you can reduce this inflation rate without China's oversupply. Conclusion: This is because it is difficult to maintain competitiveness through interest rate control, as prices rise, and inflation can become unstable. This study can seek digital acceptance by the middle class as a solution to problems like the regional economic confrontation of new globalization inflation environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-50
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to compare and to analyse the difference of middle school girls clothing behaviors and their preference for clothing styles according to their intelligence, socio-economic status, and physical constitution. For the study, data were collected from 378 middle school girls resided in Taegu: one half from high intelligence group over I.Q. 113, others from low intelligence group under I.Q. 87 using the questionaire method. For the measurement of the relationship clothing behavior, socio-economic status. Rohrer index, preference style of clothing were examined. The analysis of the data was managed by computer; frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of the study are as follows; 1. The significant difference in clothing behavior according to intelligence was verified in four: modesty, comfort, management, and psychological dependence. 2. The significant difference in clothing behavior according to socio-economic status was verified in all of eight clothing behavior variables. 3. There was no significant difference according to physical constitution in all clothing behavior variables. 4. There was no significant difference in the preference styles of clothing according to intelligence, but high intelligence group took more interest in detailed factors; design, style, total combination, color, print, and comfort. 5. The upper and middle class preferred slacks and lower class preferred skirts. The upper class took interest in design-style, total combination, and comfort, the middle class in total combination. and comfort, and the lower class in total combination. 6. Thin group preferred skirt, the average group preferred slacks, fatty group preferred slacks and shirts-blouse. Thin group took interest in design-style, and color-print, the average group in total combination, and fatty group in total combination, color-print, and design-style.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.40
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• pp.191-225
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to formulate the way of the feminist strategy in Germany which is to change in the process of the globalization in the economic relations. The radical feminism which is the main streaming of german feminism shows a little interest in the role of the german welfare state (social state) to improve the quality of life of women. The german welfare state is, as the feminism says, only a instrument of patriarchy to perpetuate the domination of men over women. The german welfare state has played, but, an important role for the individualization of the relation of women's life which is the first condition for the emancipation of women from the patriarchal domination. That is a result of the interaction between the german welfare state and feminism. The role of the german welfare state for the interest of women is now challenged by the globalization of the economic relations which tries to reduce the standard of social services. The greatest victim of this process is women. Therefore it is necessary for the german feminism to think over the way of his strategy in relation to the german welfare state. The content of this study is as follows: First, the historical background of the german feminism explains how the radical feminism has become the mainstreaming of the german feminism. Seconds, the feminist strategy which rejects the role of the german welfare state for the interest of women has its own limits. Third, the german welfare state has not only developed the ideology of breadwinner but also contributed to the beginning of independent life of woman who were under the control of man. Fourth, the german welfare state is challenged by the economic globalization and being changed by the economic globalization. Fifth, therefore, the feminism has to concentrate to develop a strategy which accepts the limit and the possibility of german welfare state.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-38
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• 2015

Fama's (1984) volatility relations show that the risk premium in foreign exchange markets is more volatile than, and is negatively correlated with the expected rate of depreciation. This paper studies these relations from the perspective of goods markets frictions. Using a sticky-price general equilibrium model, we show that near-random walk behaviors of both exchange rates and consumption, in response to monetary shocks, can be derived endogenously. Based on this approach, the paper provides quantitative results on Fama's volatility relations.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2004

In the aftermath of nation-wide controversy over "conservation vs. development" of the costal wetland in the Saemangeum, Korea could legislate the laws of wetland conservation and costal management in 1998. Since then, the public interest in the costal mudflats and its conservation has increased greatly, but the controversy on the economic value of mutflat wetland and the futher (un)necessity of reclamation) is not yet settled. In the cases of Korea dealt, economic valuation of wetland was performed mainly in the milieu of reclamation(development) vs conservation conflict, or from interest of recreational use. Korean studies used to estimate economic value of development case and conservation case respectively and then tried to compare these two value, as is sometimes done also in other countries. But the scrutiny of the results of these studies leads us to conclude that the revealed wide discrepancy among estimated values, above all other methodological problems, denies any practical applicability to the actual policy use. Benefit transfer as a convenient alternative method of valuation can not be usable either in our cases, because there is too few reliable estimated economic values of mudflat wetlands.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

Purpose - This study analyzes the relationship and dynamic interactions between stock price index, interest rate, price index, and housing price indices using Korean monthly data from 2000 to 2013, based on a VAR model. This study also examines Granger causal relationships among these variables in order to determine whether the time series of one is useful in forecasting another, or to infer certain types of causal dependency between stochastic variables. Research design, data, and methodology - We used Korean monthly data for all variables from 2000: M1 to 2013: M3. First, we checked the correlations among different variables. Second, we conducted the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the co-integration test using the VAR model. Third, we employed Granger Causality tests to quantify the causal effect from time series observations. Fourth, we used the impulse response function and variance decomposition based on the VAR model to examine the dynamic relationships among the variables. Results - First, stock price Granger affects interest rate and all housing price indices. Price index Granger, in turn, affects the stock price and six metropolitan housing price indices. However, none of the Granger variables affect the price index. Therefore, it is the stock markets (and not the housing market) that affects the housing prices. Second, the impulse response tests show that maximum influence on stock price is its own, and though it is influenced a little by interest rate, price index affects it negatively. One standard deviation (S.D.) shock to stock price increases the housing price by 0.08 units after two months, whereas an impulse shock to the interest rate negatively impacts the housing price. Third, the variance decomposition results report that the shock to the stock price accounts for 96% of the variation in the stock price, and the shock to the price index accounts for 2.8% after two periods. In contrast, the shock to the interest rate accounts for 80% of the variation in the interest rate after ten periods; the shock to the stock price accounts for 19% of the variation; however, shock to the price index does not affect the interest rate. The housing price index in 10 periods is explained up to 96.7% by itself, 2.62% by stock price, 0.68% by price index, and 0.04% by interest rate. Therefore, the housing market is explained most by its own variation, whereas the interest rate has little impact on housing price. Conclusions - The results of the study elucidate the relationship and dynamic interactions among stock price index, interest rate, price index, and housing price indices using VAR model. This study could help form the basis for more appropriate economic policies in the future. As the housing market is very important in Korean economy, any changes in house price affect the other markets, thereby resulting in a shock to the entire economy. Therefore, the analysis on the dynamic relationships between the housing market and economic variables will help with the decision making regarding the housing market policy.