• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.106-106
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• 2018

Ecosystem service valuation is a crucial step for the sustainable management of watershed. In the context of various ecosystem services provided by watershed, this study, particularly deals with water yield computation in Bagmati Basin of Nepal. The water availability per population in Bagmati Basin is lowest compared to other basins in Nepal. Also, the rate of urbanization is rapidly growing over a decade. In this regard, the objectives of this study are 1) to compute the total water yield of the basin along with computation on a sub-watershed scale, and 2) Study the impacts of land use change on water yield based on CLUE-S model. For the study, Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST), a popular model for ecosystem service assessment based on Budyko hydrological method is used to compute water yield. As well, CLUE-S model is used to study land use change, which is further related to study variation on water yield. The sub-watershed wise outcome of the study is expected to provide the guidelines for the effective and economic management of a watershed on a regional scale.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.25-49
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• 2020

This essay, based on an oral presentation, provides the non-specialist, with an evaluation of the Mongols' influence and China and, to a lesser extent, on Russia and the Middle East. Starting in the 1980s, specialists challenged the conventional wisdom about the Mongol Empire's almost entirely destructive influence on global history. They asserted that Mongols promoted vital economic, social, and cultural exchanges among civilizations. Chinggis Khan, Khubilai Khan, and other rulers supported trade, adopted policies of toleration toward foreign religions, and served as patrons of the arts, architecture, and the theater. Eurasian history starts with the Mongols. Exhibitions at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art confirmed that the Mongol era witnessed extraordinary developments in painting, ceramics, manuscript illustration, and textiles. To be sure, specialists did not ignore the destruction and killings that the Mongols engendered. This reevaluation has prompted both sophisticated analyses of the Mongols' legacy in Eurasian history. The Ming dynasty, the Mongols' successor in China, adopted some of the principles of Mongol military organization and tactics and were exposed to Tibetan Buddhism and Persian astronomy and medicine. The Mongols introduced agricultural techniques, porcelain, and artistic motifs to the Middle East, and supported the writing of histories. They also promoted Sufism in the Islamic world and influenced Russian government, trade, and art, among other impacts. Europeans became aware, via Marco Polo who traveled through the Mongols' domains, of Asian products, as well as technological, scientific, and philosophical innovations in the East and were motivated to find sea routes to South and East Asia.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.339-352
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• 2022

Due to the large volume and generally as a public building, the damage of large-span space structures under various non-conventional loads will cause greater economic losses, casualties, and social impacts, etc. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate the seismic performance of large-span space structures. This paper taked a multipurpose sports center as an example and considered its synergistic deformation based on the method of equivalent damping ratio. Furthermore, The ABAQUS software was used to analyze the time-history and energy response of the multipurpose sports center under the action of rare earthquakes, and proposed a quantitative damage index to assess the overall damage of the structure. Finally, the research results indicated that the maximum inter-story drift ratio of the multipurpose sports center under the action of rare earthquakes was less than its limit value. The frame beams presented different degrees of damage, but the key members were basically in an elastic state. The bearing capacity did not reach the limit value, which satisfied the intended seismic performance target. This study taked an actual case as an example and proposed a relevant damage evaluation system, which provided some reference for the analysis of the seismic performance of large-span space structures.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.29.1-29.11
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• 2018

Background: Respiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls. Results: Based on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2015

다중이용시설의 환기부문 에너지소비량이 전체 에너지소비에서 차지하는 비중은 약40%로서 상당히 크다. 환기설비분야의 에너지절약방안으로는 주동력원이자 주요에너지소비원인 전동기를 고효율 제품으로 교체하거나 인버터를 이용한 가변운전을 통하여 에너지를 절감시키는 방안이 있다. 그러나 이런 방안들을 도입하기 위해서는 기존설비보다 높은 초기투자비가 필요하므로 장기적인 관점에서의 경제성평가가 요구된다. 경제성평가 방법으로 생애주기동안 지출되는 모든 비용을 예측하는 LCCA(Life Cycle Cost Analysis)가 적절하지만 LCCA는 분석내용이 단순 비용절감측면에 치중되어 있어, 환경영향을 고려하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 환경영향을 분석하기 위한 방법으로 LCA(Life Cycle Assessment)있지만 이는 주로 건축물에만 사용되어왔고 또한 환경적인 측면만 치중하여 경제적은 측면을 고려하지 못하는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 LCCA 및 LCA를 이용해 경제적 측면 및 환경적 영향을 종합적으로 분석하여 다중이용시설 환기설비에 고효율 전동기 도입의 타당성 검토를 진행하고자 한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.176-176
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• 2019

Thailand had issued a national strategic development master plan with issues related to water resources and water security in the entire water management. Water resources are an important factor of living and development of the country's socio-economy to be stable, prosperous and sustainable. Therefore, water management in both multidimensional and multi-sectoral systems is important and will supports socio-economic and environmental development. The direction of national development in accordance with the national strategic framework for 20 years that requires the country to level up security level in terms of water, energy and food. To response to the proposed goals, there is a subplan to increase water productivity of the entire water system for economical development use by evaluating use value and to create more value added from water use to meet international standard level. This study aims to evaluate the water productivity of Thailand in each basin and all sectors such as agricultural sector, service and industrial sectors by using the water use data from water account analysis and GDP data from NESDB during the past 10 years (1996-2015). The comparison of water productivity with other countries will also be conducted and in addition, the measures to improve water productivity in next 20 years will be explored to response to the National Strategic Master Plan goals. Water productivity is defined as output per unit of water depleted. The simplest way to compare water productivity across different enterprises is in monetary terms. World Bank presents water productivity as an indication of the efficiency by which each country uses its water resources. There are two data sets used for water productivity analyses, i.e., the first is water use data at end users and the second is Gross Domestic Product. The water use at end users are estimated by water account method based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA-Water) concept of United Nations. The water account shows the analyses of the water balance between the use and supply of each water resource in physical terms. The water supply and use linkage in the water account analyses separated into each phases, i.e., water sources, water managers, water service providers, water user at end user under water regulators of all kinds of water use activities such as household, industrial, agricultural, tourism, hydropower, and ecological conservation uses. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP), a well- known measuring method of the national economic growth is not actually a comprehensive approach to describe all aspects of national economic status, since GDP does not take into account the costs of the negative impacts to natural resources that result from the overexploitation of development projects, however, at present, integrating the environment with the economy of a country to measure its economic growth with GDP is acceptable worldwide. The study results will show the water use at each basin, use types at end users, water productivity in each sector from 1996-2015 compared with other countries, Besides the productivity improvement measures will be explored and proposed for the National Strategic Master Plan.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2010

본고에서는 글로벌 금융위기의 충격을 산출량에 장기적 중립성을 가지는 근원적 충격과 장기적 중립성을 가지지 않는 비근원적 충격으로 나누어 글로벌 금융위기 기간 중 근원적 충격이 물가안정목표 달성에 미친 영향을 분석하였다. 본고에서 보인 바와 같이 글로벌 금융위기가 수요에 미친 영향과 이로 인해 물가가 안정된 효과를 제대로 파악하지 못하면 향후 물가안정이 어려워질 수 있다. 농산물과 석유류 제품의 일시적 공급충격을 제거한 통상적 근원인플레이션을 기준으로 평가하면, 2007~09년 중 물가안정목표는 안정적으로 달성된 것처럼 보이고 향후 목표 달성도 무난해 보인다. 그러나 중앙은행의 통제 대상인 구조적 근원인플레이션을 기준으로 평가하면 매우 달라진다. 글로벌 금융위기를 전후한 수요충격으로 근원인플레이션이 크게 변동하였으며, 2007~09년 중 물가안정목표 달성은 글로벌 금융위기에 따른 마이너스 성장에 기인한 바가 크다. 또한 글로벌 금융위기 이후 각종 경기확대정책에 힘입어 경기가 빠르게 회복되면서 근원인플레이션이 급격하게 상승하고 있으므로 향후 적절한 출구전략을 마련해야 한다.

• 서비스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2013

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the aid effectiveness of ODA projects through a case of an e-Government ODA. The case at hand is the Mongolian National Data Center project, which was supported by Korea International Cooperation Agency in 2007~2009. In this paper, we analyze aid effectiveness through a case instead of a long-term macroeconomic analysis. By using OECD DAC guideline for performance evaluation of ODA project combined with PRM (Performance Reference Model) for evaluating e-Government, authors undertakes a post-implementation evaluation on the Mongolian NDC project. The result shows that the NDC project has been relevant and implemented effectively and efficiently given the political instability incurred by the election fraud in 2008. However, there have been problems as well. Provision of defected monitors was a critical problem while disagreement on the safety of the building was lasted for two more years to be settled. Some comments on the training program are also worth to hear to ameliorate similar projects. But more fundamental problems are found in impacts and sustainability areas. Low political status of ICTPA as a coordinating organization for ICT ODA and unstable job security of NDC are serious hurdles to increase effectiveness and efficiency of NDC. ICTPA has played very limited roles in coordinating government-wide ICT ODA projects because it lacks actual power and control over them. Other government organizations do not fully trust NDC as a reliable government data center due to low political status and lack of job security. Thus critical factors to affect the effectiveness and efficiency of e-Government ODA projects are political and organizational instead of economic.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.57-95
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• 2020

As a case study of an ex-post evaluation of regulations, in this paper I evaluate the 'uniform settlement rate requirement', a regulation that was introduced in 1986 and that was applied to the international telephone market in the U.S. for more than 20 years. In a bilateral market between the U.S. and a foreign country, each U.S. firm and its foreign partner jointly provide international telephone service in both directions, compensating each other for terminating incoming calls to their respective countries. The per-minute compensation amount for providing the termination service, referred to as the settlement rate, is determined by a bargaining process involving the two firms. In principle, each U.S. firm could have a different settlement rate for the same foreign country. In 1986, however, the Federal Communications Commission introduced the Uniform Settlement Rate Requirement (USRR), which required all U.S. firms to pay the same settlement rate to a given foreign country. The USRR significantly affected the relative bargaining positions of the U.S. and foreign firms, thereby changing negotiated settlement rates. This paper identifies two main routes through which the settlement rates are changed by the implementation of the USRR: the Competition-Induced-Incentive Effect and the Most-Favored-Nation Effect. I then empirically evaluate the USRR by estimating a bargaining model and conducting counterfactual experiments aimed at measuring the size of the two effects of the USRR. The experiments show remarkably large impacts due to the USRR. Requiring a uniform settlement rate, for instance, results in an average 32.2 percent increase in the negotiated settlement rates and an overall 13.7 percent ($3.43 billion) decrease in the total surplus in the U.S. These results provide very strong evidence against the implementation of the USRR in the 1990s and early 2000s.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.437-455
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• 2012

전 세계적으로 환경문제가 큰 이슈가 됨에 따라, 우리나라에서도 신재생에너지에 대한 관심의 일환으로 전라도를 중심으로 많은 태양광발전소가 건설되었다. 그러나 입지 선정 과정에서 환경 사회적 영향을 충분히 고려하지 않아 각종 문제점들이 야기되었으며, 기존 시설의 입지 타당성 평가와 지속가능한 입지 모색이 요구되었다. 현재까지 환경을 고려한 태양광발전소의 입지 선정 연구는 미미하며, 기존 시설을 평가한 연구도 진행된 바 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전라도에서 환경 사회적 영향을 최소화하는 지속가능한 입지를 제안하고, 현존하는 시설의 입지 타당성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 연구방법으로 크리깅(Kriging)과 네트워크분석법(Analytic Network Process; ANP)를 이용하였다. 네트워크분석법을 통해 도출된 가중치로 모든 공간데이터를 통합하여 최적의 입지를 도출하고, 환경 사회적으로 영향을 줄 수 있는 구역을 최적지에서 제외하였다. 그 결과, 전반적으로 서해안과 남해안 부근에 적합지가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 환경 사회적 영향을 고려한 최종 입지 적합도와 기존 시설의 위치를 비교 분석한 결과 총 81곳 중 23곳이 부적합한 태양광발전소로 판단되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 사회적 갈등 및 환경문제를 방지하는 지속가능한 입지 선정이 가능할 것이며, 기존 입지를 객관적으로 파악하는 지표를 제공함으로써 대책 마련에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.