Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Comparative evaluation of ultrasonography with clinical respiratory score in diagnosis and prognosis of respiratory diseases in weaned dairy buffalo and cattle calves

  • Hussein, Hussein Awad (Internal Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University) ;
  • Binici, Cagri (Klinik fur Klauentiere, Freie Universitat Berlin) ;
  • Staufenbiel, Rudolf (Klinik fur Klauentiere, Freie Universitat Berlin)
  • Received : 2018.06.20
  • Accepted : 2018.11.05
  • Published : 2018.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Respiratory troubles have economic impacts in countries where livestock industry is an important segment of the agricultural sector, as well as these problems may cause significant economic losses for bovine producers. Various practical methods are used to assess diseases that affect the bovine respiratory system. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive tool that has been used frequently in diagnosis of various animal diseases. The present study was designed to establish whether thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for detection of respiratory troubles in weaned buffalo and cattle calves, as well as to assess its prognostic value in comparison with clinical respiratory scores. Thirty five (15 buffalo and 20 cattle) calves were included. Twelve (6 buffalo and 6 cattle) clinically healthy calves were enrolled as controls. Results: Based on physical examinations, clinical respiratory scores (CRS), ultrasound lung scores (ULS) and postmortem findings, animals were classified into 4 groups as pulmonary emphysema (n = 8), interstitial pulmonary syndrome (n = 7), bronchopneumonia (n = 12), and pleurisy (n = 8). The mean values of CRS and ULS were significantly higher in diseased calves (P < 0.01). In calves with pulmonary emphysema and interstitial syndrome, thoracic ultrasonography revealed numerous comet-tail artifacts, which varied in numbers and imaging features. Furthermore, variable degrees of pulmonary consolidation with alveolograms and bronchograms were noticed in bronchopneumonic calves. In addition, thick irregular or fragmented pleura with pleural effusions and fibrin shreds were imaged in calves with pleurisy. A weak correlation was calculated between CRS and ULS (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). Hematologically, the counts of white blood cells, activities of aspartate aminotransferase and partial tensions of carbon dioxide were significantly increased in all diseased groups. Serum concentrations of total globulins were higher in claves with bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). The partial tension of oxygen was decreased in all diseased calves (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Thoracic ultrasonography is a diagnostic tool for various lung troubles and assessment the grade and severity of pulmonary diseases, as well as it can be used as a follow-up tool for evaluating the prognosis of respiratory troubles and monitoring the efficacy of therapies.

Keywords

References

  1. McGuirk SM. Disease management of dairy calves and heifers. Vet Clin North Am: Food Anim Pract. 2008;24:139-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2007.10.003
  2. Panciera R, Confer A. Pathogenesis and pathology of bovine pneumonia. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 2010;26:191-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.04.001
  3. Chirase N, Greene L. Dietary zinc and manganese sources administered from the fetal stage onwards affect immune response of transit stressed and virus infected offspring steer calves. Anim Feed Sci Techno. 2001;93:217-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00277-2
  4. G-orden PJ, Plummer P. Control, management and prevention of bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves and cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2010;26:243-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2010.03.004
  5. Ollivett TL, Burton AJ, Bicalho RC, et al. Use of rapid thoracic ultrasonography for detection of subclinical and clinical pneumonia in dairy calves. In: Smith B, editor. St. Louis, MO: proceeding of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Stillwater: VM publishing company, LLC; 2011. p. 148.
  6. Ollivett TL, Kelton DF, Duffield TF, et al. A randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of an intranasal respiratory vaccine on calf health, ultrasonographic lung consolidation, and growth in Holstein dairy calves. In: Smith B, editor. Albuquerque (NM): proceedings of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Stillwater: VM publishing company, LLC; 2014. p. 113-4.
  7. Buczinski S, Forte G, Francoz D, Belanger A. Comparison of thoracic auscultation, clinical score, and ultrasonography as indicators of bovine respiratory disease in Preweaned dairy calves. J Vet Intern Med. 2014;28:234-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.12251
  8. Brooks K, Raper K, Ward C, Holland PASB, Krehbiel PASC, Step D. Economic effects of bovine respiratory disease on feedlot cattle during backgrounding and finishing phases. Prof Anim Sci. 2011;27:195-203. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30474-5
  9. Radostits O, Gay C, Blood D, Hinchcliff K. In: Radostits O, Gay C, Blood D, Hinchcliff K, editors. Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. London: W.B. Saunders; 2007. p. 471-542.
  10. Hussein HA, Staufenbiel R. Clinical presentation and ultrasonographic findings in buffaloes with congestive heart failure. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2014;38:534-45. https://doi.org/10.3906/vet-1404-111
  11. Scott P. Clinical presentation, auscultation recordings, ultrasonographic findings and treatment response of 12 adult cattle with chronic suppurative pneumonia: case study. Irish Vet J. 2013;66:5.
  12. Jackson P, Cockcroft P. Chapter 2: the general clinical examination of cattle. In: Clinical examination of farm animals. Oxford: Blackwell science ltd; 2002. p. 9-11.
  13. Rabeling B, Rehage J, Dopfer D, Scholz H. Ultrasonographic findings in calves with respiratory disease. Vet Rec. 1998;143:468-71. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.143.17.468
  14. Babkine M, Blond L. Ultrasonography of the bovine respiratory system and its practical application. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 2009;25:633-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2009.07.001
  15. Selman IE, Wiseman A, Breeze RG, Pirie HM. Differential diagnosis of pulmonary disease in adult cattle in Britain. Bovine Practitioner. 1997;12:63-74.
  16. Thiry J, Rubion S, Sarasola P, Bonnier M, Hartmann M, de Haas V. Efficacy and safety of a new 450 mg/ml florfenicol formulation administered intramuscularly in the treatment of bacterial bovine respiratory disease. Vet Rec. 2011;169:526-31. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.d5498
  17. Masseau I, Fecteau G, Breton L, et al. Radiographic detection of thoracic lesions in adult cows: a retrospective study of 42 cases (1995-2002). Can Vet J. 2008;49:261-7.
  18. Lubbers BV, Apley MD, Coetzee JF, et al. Use of computed tomography to evaluate pathologic changes in the lungs of calves with experimentally induced respiratory tract disease. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68:1259-64. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.11.1259
  19. Ollivett T, Buczinski S. On-farm use of ultrasonography for bovine respiratory disease. Vet Clin Food Anim Pract. 2016;32:19-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2015.09.001
  20. Banholzer P. Thoraxwand, Pleura und Lunge. In: Kremer H, Dobrinski W, editors. Sonographische Diagnostik. Berlin: Urban & Schwarzenberg; 1993. p. 307-15.
  21. Flock M. Diagnostic ultrasonography in cattle with thoracic disease. Vet J. 2004;167:272-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-0233(03)00110-2
  22. Reissig A, Kroegel C. Transthoracic sonography of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. J Ultrasound Med. 2003;22:173-80. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2003.22.2.173
  23. Lichtenstein D, Meziere G. Relevance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute respiratory failure: the BLUE protocol. Chest. 2008;134:117-25. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2800
  24. Scott P, Sargison N. Ultrasonographic findings in adult cattle with chronic respiratory disease. Large Anim Rev. 2012;18:27-30.
  25. Divers T. Respiratory diseases. In: Divers TJ, Peek SF, editors. Rebhun's diseases of dairy cattle. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2007. p. 79-129.
  26. Soltesova H, Nagyova V, Tothova C, Nagy O. Haematological and blood biochemical alterations associated with respiratory disease in calves. Acta Vet Brn. 2015;84:249-56. https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201584030249
  27. Mackiewicz A. Acute phase proteins and transformed cells. Int Rev Cytol. 1997;170:225-300.
  28. Abdullah F, Osman A, Adamu L, Zakaria Z, Abdullah R, Zamri-Saad M, Saharee A. Haematological and biochemical alterations in calves following infection with Pasteurella multocida type B: 2, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane protein immunogens (OMP). Asian J Anim Vet Adv. 2013;8:806-13. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajava.2013.806.813
  29. Tennant B, Center S. Hepatic function. In: Kaneko J, Harvey J, Bruss M, editors. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6th ed. New York: Academic Press; 2008. p. 379-412.
  30. Carlson G, Fluid BM. Electrolyte, and Acid-Base balance. In: Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML, editors. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6th ed. New York: Academic Press; 2008. p. 529-59.
  31. Tharwat M, Oikawa S. Ultrasonographic evaluation of cattle and buffaloes with respiratory disorders. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2011;43:803-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9766-0