• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 2009

A simple and efficient Lambda logic (${\lambda}-logic$) based algorithm is proposed for the solution of the generator constrained economic dispatch problem when the generating units having prohibited zones. The proposed method solves the economic dispatch (ED) problem that takes into account ramprate limits, transmission losses and prohibited operating zones in the power system operation. The proposed method uses a simple heuristic rule based on average power of prohibited operating zones which produces the feasibility of solution for the restricted operating units. The effectiveness of the algorithm is tested on five different test systems and the performance compared with other relevant methods reported in the literature. In all the cases, the proposed algorithm performs better than the previous existing algorithms with a less computational burden.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.744-751
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• 2013

In this paper, Secant method is proposed to solve multi area economic dispatch (MAED) problem. Generator limits of all generators in each area are calculated at given area power demands plus export (or import) using secant method and the generator limits of all generators are modified as modified generator limits. Central economic dispatch (CED) problem is used to determine the output powers of all generators. Here, Secant method is applied to solve the CED problem. The proposed approach has been tested on two-area (two generators in each area) system and four-area (four generators in each area) system. It is observed from various cases that the proposed approach provides optimally best solution in terms of cost with tie line loss with less computational burden.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 1983

This study has examined the principle of rationalization as a guiding principle in fisheries management. Generally speaking, the guiding principle of business management is the principle of profitability which is oriented to the profit maximization, but it has been insisted by Dr, Mohri that the principle of profitability should be translated into the maximization of ratio of added value on gross capital, According to Dr. Durcker, added value (contributed value) can be used to analyze productivity only if the allocation of costs which together make up the figures is economically meaningful. Therefore, the rationalization of fisheries management can be measured as a result of economic allocation of costs, The analysis of economic allocation of costs divides into macro-allocation of costs and micro-allocation of costs. In fisheries management, the former makes use of the analysis of break-even point, and the latter analyzes the efficiency of individual cost respectively and the state of division of costs which allocate into above-the-line expenses of lay system and management's burden expenses. In macro-allocation of costs, it is advisable that fixed costs be converted into variable costs. This is characteristically possible in fisheries management, because wages belong to variable costs in fisheries management while they are regarde as fixed cost in the other industires. Because we could find that all costs would belong to above-the-line expenses, in micro-allocation analysis, the very costs which are directly related to fisherman's poduction activity should be classified into above-the-line expenses, and the other costs into management's burden expenses. This is a central problem in the rationalization of fisheries management.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty of patients who participated in the clinical trials for anticancer drug, and to identify correlations among these variables. Methods: Cross-sectional survey used the Symptom Check List-90-Revision and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale from 106 subjects in 2011. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: The mean score of anxiety was 2.06, that of depression 2.35, and that of uncertainty 2.61. Anxiety and depression (r=.70), anxiety and uncertainty (r=.44), depression and uncertainty (r=.60) were significantly correlated each other. The levels of anxiety, depression and uncertainty were different in various characteristics of the subjects, such as education, recurrence, and economic burden. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that when implementing psychosocial interventions for cancer patients who participate in clinical trial, factors such as education, economic burden, and recurrence should be integrated into the intervention. Further studies applying theoretical model would be helpful to identify directional relationships among the variables that are important in psychosocial well-being of cancer patients undergoing clinical trial.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2015

This review has focused on important but less visible aspects of fibromyalgia (FM) with respect to the high impact of this disorder on patients and societies. FM is a common but challengeable illness. It is characterized by chronic widespread pain, which can be accompanied by other symptoms including fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, anxiety and depressive episodes. While our understanding of this debilitating disorder is limited, diagnosis and treatment of this condition is very difficult, even in the hands of experts. Due to the nature of disease, where patients experience invalidation by medical services, their families and societies regarding the recognition and management of disease, direct, indirect and immeasurable costs are considerable. These clinical and economic costs are comparable with other common diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and osteoarthritis, but the latter usually receives much more attention from healthcare and non-healthcare resources. Present alarming data shows the grave and "iceberg-like" burden of FM despite the benign appearance of this disorder and highlights the urgent need both for greater awareness of the disease among medical services and societies, as well as for more research focused on easily used diagnostic methods and target specific treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

This study aimed to examine the needs for the planning of group homes for the elderly with dementia in lower income class, who have more economic burden on the caring the demented aged. The survey was conducted by questionnaires collected from 300 respondents from December 2000 to March 2001. Methods of analysis were frequency distribution, mean and chi-square test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The respondents perceived that the responsibility to take care of the elderly with dementia belonged to their family, not to society or the government, and the sons and daughters had to share the burden placed on care-givers. 2) The awareness of group homes for dementia was relatively low. 3) The respondents' needs for the group homes with dementia could be summarized as follows; small scale plan with homelike atmosphere, a total of 6-8 residents, structural type of detached house or three-storied town house, 2-3 persons per individual room, and management system by non-profit organization or the government. There were no big differences between the respondents of this study and upper and middle class studies conducted by other research, except for some details. Referring to results of this study, it is asserted that group homes for the elderly with dementia would be embraced throughout the country if poetical assistance combined with economic support were provided.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.281-290
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• 2019

This study analyzed the recognition types of the economic burden for cancer treatment and the characteristics of each recognition type by employing Q methodology. For this study, we determined the final 45 Q statements by conducting literature surveys, internet searches and in-depth interviews. The P samples are 35 people of cancer patients, their family members, and experts. The Q statements were classified according to the forced normal distribution method and the collected data was analyzed using the PC QUANL program. For the analysis results, we extracted four recognition types on the economic burden of cancer treatment, and we named them 'uncertain anxiety', 'acceptance by family burden', 'object to challenge with active response' and 'insurance preparation', depending on their characteristics. The results of this study can be used as a basis for preparing the clinical intervention plan and the policies for cancer patients and the families involved in the fields of medicine, nursing and social welfare.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.411-420
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• 2012

This paper presents the most recent data on cancer rates and the burden of cancer in the ASEAN region. Epidemiological data were sourced from GLOBOCAN 2008 and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) lost were estimated using the standard methodology developed within the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study. Overall, it was estimated there were over 700,000 new cases of cancer and 500,000 cancer deaths in ASEAN in the year 2008, leading to approximately 7.5 million DALYs lost in one year. The most commonly diagnosed cancers were lung (98,143), breast (86,842) and liver cancers (74,777). The most common causes of cancer death were lung cancer (85,772), liver cancer (69,115) and colorectal cancer (44,280). The burden of cancer in terms of DALYs lost was highest in Laos, Viet Nam and Myanmar and lowest in Brunei, Singapore and the Philippines. Significant differences in the patterns of cancer from country to country were observed. Another key finding was the major impact played by population age distribution on cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer rates in ASEAN are expected to increase with ageing of populations and changes in lifestyles associated with economic development. Therefore, ASEAN member countries are strongly encouraged to put in place cancer-control health care policies, focussed on strengthening the health systems to cope with projected increases in cancer prevention, treatment and management needs.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of household income, education needs, private education expenses and expenditures of preparation for old age for mothers of school-aged children and to discover the causal relationships among these variables. The subjects in this study were gathered from among 393 mothers living in Daegu with school-aged children from 8 to 19 years old and with wage-earner husbands. The research tool was a questionnaires which addressed the general characteristics of the subjects, household income, the scale of education needs, the scale of private education expenditures, the scale of perceived burden of private education, and the scale of expenditures of preparation for old age. In order to analyze the study data, factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS were used, and structural path analysis using AMOS was used. The main results of this study were as follow: First, the greater the household income, the greater the education needs. Second, household income and education needs had no significant influences on private education expenditures. Third, education needs and private education expenditures turned out to have significant effects on the perceived burden of private education expenditures. Fourth, expenditures of preparation for old age among mothers of school-aged children was influenced by the education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures. The household income of mothers of school-aged children had no significant influence on private education expenditures. Finally, education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures for mothers of school-aged children had a direct effect on the expenditures of preparations for old age. On the other hand, in mediating education needs, household income of these mothers had an indirect effect on expenditures of preparations for old age. The perceived burden of private education expenditures turned out to have the biggest total effect on the preparations for old age of mothers with school-aged children.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2016

The aim of this study, in order to reduce the support burden of dementia primary caregiver, within the framework of long-term care insurance system to present its founding model for the development of new services. Previous research as analytical materials and based on the CARE study between 2012 to 2013. Primary caregiver burden of patient are both physical, psychological and economic aspects as well as difficulties in many aspects and had influence on many factors such as age, care burden, economic, health, and social support. It also came high-risk primary caregiver suffer from depression. This primary caregiver to take advantage of the elderly long-term care insurance system implemented at the time of the institutional support necessary for since 2008, presented additional services in this study. Of increasing the small sizes day care center (tentative name) to open an as established in the settlements at a scale of less than nine, within 5 minutes from the residence, limited dementia by expertise in the disease home care services scale model of the current system service It was to improve the quality of existing shares, small group sizes for day care centers and community life apart.