• 제목/요약/키워드: Ecological weed control

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생태복원 사업에서의 식재 설계에 관한 인식 조사 (Ecological Restoration Planting Design Awareness Survey)

  • 조동길
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제31권7호
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    • pp.579-592
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    • 2022
  • Much controversy has been generated over whether the ecological restoration project in Korea is faithful to the basic approach of ecological restoration compared to projects aimed at creating parks or green spaces. This study was aimed at understanding the level of awareness of practitioners in the planting design method, which is recognized as relatively important in landscape architecture and ecological restoration. The proficiency of practitioners in planting design techniques for ecological restoration projects was investigated and analyzed in seven areas: overall planting design awareness, plant species selection method, planting tree sizes, planting density, use of native species, vegetation climatic zone, soil environment, and weed control. There was no statistically significant difference between the group who thought they were experts in the field of ecological restoration and the group who thought they were experts in the field of parks and green spaces. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the degree of work performance, that is, the group whose main industry was ecological restoration, the group that performed relatively more ecological restoration work, and the group that rarely performed it. Therefore, to apply desirable ecological restoration techniques in the future and to clearly differentiate between the approach in the field of parks and green spaces, the appropriate tree size or planting density selected in the ecological restoration planting design stage must be chosen. To this end, the awareness of expert groups must be improved and related laws, systems, and guidelines must be revised.

Occurrence and distribution of weed species on horticulture fields in Chungnam province of Korea

  • Hwang, Ki Seon;Eom, Min Yong;Park, Su Hyuk;Won, Ok Jae;Lee, In Yong;Park, Kee Woong
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2015
  • A survey of weed occurrence was conducted to identify problematic weed species in a horticultural crop field to get basic information for effective weed control. Surveys of weed species occurring in horticultural crop fields (garlic, onion, red pepper and Chinese cabbage) were conducted in Chungnam province of Korea from April to October in 2014. A total of 516 sites of the 17 regions were identified as having 114 weed species belonging to 32 families. The most dominant weed species in the horticultural crop fields were Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum (8.83%), followed by Digitaria ciliaris (5.71%), Conyza canadensis (5.46%) and Capsella bursa-pastoris (4.67%). Specifically, as a result of this study, the occurrence of 35 species of exotic weeds, such as Chenopodium album and Taraxacum officinale, were confirmed. Almost 68% of the investigation sites was determined under dominance value 1 (range of cover < 10; numerous individuals) by Braun-Branquet cover-abundance scale, indicating a proper weed control in horticultural crop field. As a result of scientific and technological advances, an improved cultivation method is changing the weed occurrence in agricultural land. Additional research needs to be undertaken for the development of weed control methods through such periodic monitoring of occurrence of weeds.

주요 외래잡초의 생태적 특성 및 방제에 관한 연구 1. 조사료 포장에 발생하는 주요 외래잡초의 분포 및 생태적 특성 (Studies on Ecological Characteristics and Control of Exotic Weeds 1. Distribution and ecological characteristics of exotic weeds in forage crop field)

  • 박근제;윤세형;이종경;김영진
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to survey the weed distributions in 6 areas(Suwon, Seonghwan, Seosan, Taekwanryeong, Namwon and Yeongam) and to investigate the ecological characteristics of exotic weeds from 1997 to 1999. Total 44 species in 15 families of exotic weds were observed in grassland and forage crop field. Among them 4 species in 1 family were monocotyledonous and 40 species in 14 families were dicotyledonous weeds. Most common species among exotic weeds examined in this study were Rumex acetosella, Rumex crispus. Chenopodium album, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum orientale etc. Inedible weeds with hairs, prickles, fetor or poison were Solanum carolinense Xanthium strumarium, Datura stramnium, Erechtites hieracifolia, Anthemis cotula, Phytolaca americana etc. The relative density of Phytolaca americana increased with decreament of soil pH and content of available phosphate, and that of Solanum carolinense increased with decreament of soil pH and increament of available phosphate. Most of exotic weed seeds germinated well under light condition with $25~30^{\circ}C$, and some of those were hard or dormant seed.

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Effect of plant density ratios and weed control on the performance of maize-bean intercropping

  • Sadeghi, Hossein;Kazemeini, Seyed Abdolreza;Edalat, Mohsen
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.313-322
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    • 2012
  • A 2-year study (2010-2011) was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of bean and maize intercropping. The experiment tested five different cropping systems: sole cropping of each crop, as well as intercropping of maize/bean with the ratios of 1:3 ($M_1B_3$), 2:2 ($M_2B_2$) and 3:1 ($M_3B_1$), each of which took place in the presence of two weed management systems (no weed control and weed eradication through manual removal), in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design using three replicates. Tests of homogeneity of variance for combined data over two years showed that data of both years could be analyzed together. The results showed that the effect of intercropping treatments on all measured traits in maize and bean were significantly different. A minimum land equivalent ratio (LER) for maize (0.78) was obtained for $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, while the highest LER (1.03) was observed in $M_3B_1$ under weed-free conditions. The highest (0.99) and lowest (0.70) LER values for beans were recorded for $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions and $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control, respectively. $M_1B_3$ under weed-free conditions showed the highest total LER (2.02), while $M_3B_1$ under conditions of no weed control showed the lowest (1.48). Results of this study indicated that intercropping bean and maize can be an effective method to increase total productivity, and that the $M_1B_3$ system was the best cropping system for high productivity.

농약(農藥) 환경(環境) 안전성(安全性) 평가(評價)의 국제적(國際的)인 조화(調和) (International Harmonisation of Pesticide Environmental Safety Assessments)

  • 디 라일리;제이 다이슨
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.73-79
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    • 1997
  • Governments and industry have a growing interest in the harmonization of environmental test methods and risk assessment procedures. OECD are currently producing a set of harmonised test guidelines for studying the environmental fate and ecological effects of pesticides. FAO has published an environmental risk assessment procedure. This procedure, which is similar to those used in US and Europe, is based on calculating the ratio of the toxicity of a pesticide to indicator organisms to their level of exposure to the pesticide. The exposure depends on both the concentration of the pesticide and its bioavailability. Ratios which indicate a pesticide will not produce a harmful effect have been established using ecological field studies. Examples are presented for assessing the risk to aquatic ecosystems, earthworms and honeybees. Long-term field studies(up to 20 years) have also shown that pesticides can be used indefinitely without harming soil fertility. Herbicides can be used to avoid the ecologically damaging effects of using soil cultivations excessively for weed control.

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전남 장성지역 한국잔디 재배지 잡초발생 현황 (Occurrence of Weed Species on Turf Sod Production Areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province)

  • 최성환;안수정;이동운
    • Weed & Turfgrass Science
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.247-255
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 전라남도 장성지역의 한국잔디 재배지의 발생 잡초를 확인하기 위하여 2014년 9월(1차 조사)과 2016년 5월(2차 조사)에 전남 장성군 삼서면 일대에서 한국잔디 재배포장을 밭 토양과 논 토양으로 구분하여 발생잡초 분포조사를 수행하였다. 잡초분포 조사결과 밭 토양에서는 27과 66종(일년생 49종, 다년생 17종)으로 일년생잡초 74.2%, 다년생잡초 25.8%의 발생을 확인하였다. 과별로 보면 국화과(Compositae)가 19.7%로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 그 다음으로 벼과(Gramineae) 13.6%, 콩과(Leguminosae) 10.6% 순이었다. 논 토양에서는 22과 69종(일년생 53종, 다년생 16종)으로 일년생잡초 76.8%, 다년생잡초 23.2% 비율의 발생을 확인하였다. 과별로 보면 국화과(Compositae)가 18.8%로 가장 많이 발생하였고, 그 다음으로 벼과(Gramineae) 14.5%, 사초과(Cyperaceae) 7.2% 순이었다. 밭 토양의 1차 조사에서는 벼과의 바랭이(8.49), 2차 조사에서는 괭이밥과의 괭이밥(7.26)이 가장 우점하였고, 논 토양의 1차 조사에서 국화과의 개망초(9.52), 2차 조사에서는 닭의장풀과의 닭의장풀(5.08)과 벼과의 뚝새풀(5.08)이 가장 우점하는 잡초종으로 확인되었다. 잡초발생 현황을 조사시기와 토양조건을 구분하여 비교한 결과 논 잡초와 밭 잡초가 혼생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 조사시기 또는 토양조건에 상관없이 공통적으로 발생하는 초종의 비율이 49.2%로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 따라서 한국잔디 재배지에서 제초제를 이용한 효율적인 방제효과를 위해서는 재배토양에 상관없이 논 잡초와 밭 잡초를 모두 잘 방제할 수 있는 약제를 선택해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

제초제(除草劑) 신기능(新機能) 작물품종(作物品種) 이용(利用) 잡초방제(雜草防除) 기술(技術) (Weed Management Using a Potential Allelopathic Crop)

  • 김길웅;박광호
    • 한국잡초학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 1997
  • Allelopathic compounds as naturally occurring herbicide have originally reported from local vegetation since B.C. 300. These compounds are known as secondary plant metabolites which released from plants into the environment often attract or repel, nourish or poison other organisms. In recent, many natural plant allelochemicals be used to attempt to biologically or ecologically control weed among worldwide weed scientists. Some allelochemicals have also used as fungicides, insecticides, and nematodicides, and were less than man-made agrochemicals to damage the global ecosystem. It makes efficient use of resources internal to the farm, relies on a minimum of purchased inputs. Some scientists selected for allelopathic activity when breeding weed-controlling cultivars of rice, sorghum, cucumber, surflower etc. Thus, this paper is focused on allelopathic compounds isolated from cultivated crop with the high potential of prospective herbicides. The most environmentally acceptable and sustainable approach to utilization of allelopathy for weed control is to develop plant cultivars with proven allelopathic characteristics. In rice accessions, there are 60 cultivars/lines which have known as allelopathic activity and some of these cultivars control weed more less 90% within certain radius of activity. These accessions are originated from 15 countries including Korea, Japan, USA, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Laos, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Mali, Pakistan, Colombia, Egypt, China, and Dom. Rep. From these cultivars, the most common allelopathic compounds identified in rice are p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, p-Coumaric, and Ferulic acids. In addition, allelopathic lines of the following crop have shown inhibition of weed growth : beet (Beta vulgaris), lupin(Lupinus spp.), com(Zea mays), Wheat(Triticum aestivum), oats(Avena spp.) peas(Pisum sativum), barley(Hordeum vulgare), rye(Secale cereale), and cucumber(Cucumis sativus). Thus, future allelopathy research must be designed its potentially phytotoxic propertices and the ecotoxic features of the allelochemicals from release to degradation ; its ecological sustainability, its allelopathic effect in early growth. stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical stages, and selectivity properties in combination with chemical concentrations. Also, research approach in allelopathy might be screened for highly allelopathic germplasm collection of crops, the idea being to ultimately transfer this agronomic character into improved cultivars by either conventional breeding or other genetic transfer techniques.

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생물자원의 논 잡초 생물학적 방제 효과와 그에 따른 수서동물과 곤충 종수 및 벼 수량 변화 (Effects of Biocontrol Agents on Weed Control, Abundance of Aquatic Animals and Insects, and Yield in Paddy Rice Fields)

  • 최효정;서상영;최선우;이창규;엄미정;김주희;안민실;최우정
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2023
  • Golden apple snails (Pomacea canaliculat) (GAS) are widely used for weed control in rice cultivation. However, concerns on the ecological risk of invasive GAS species are increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the overall impacts of GAS on weed control, abundance of aquatic animals and insects, and rice yield, in comparison with that from other biocontrol agents such as loach (Misgurnus mizolepis) and catfish (Silurus asotus), which are alternatives for biological weed control in rice paddy cultivation. Field experiments included five treatments; control, herbicide, GAS, loach, and catfish. During the rice growth, weed appearance and biological abundance were monitored, and at harvest, the rice yield was determined. Weed control efficiency was the highest for GAS treatment (100%), followed by that for herbicide (95.8%), loach (57.5%), and catfish treatments (31.7%). Insect abundance was considerably decreased in GAS treatment due to heavy weed removal, which affects the habitat of aquatic animals and insects. The amount of rice yield (unit: kg 10 a-1) was in the order of GAS (798.9) > loach (708.1) = herbicide (700.7) > catfish (629.4) > control (496.0). Therefore, considering the weed control efficiency, biological abudance, and rice yield, loach could be a potential alternative for biological weed control in organic rice farming. However, the activity of the biocontrol agents are susceptible to environmental conditions; therefore, further studies under different conditions are essential to confirm these findings.

탄소배출 저감을 위한 생분해 필름이용 벼 멀칭건답직파재배기술 개발 가능성 연구 (A Possible Development of Mulching Dry Drill Seeded Rice Cultivation by Biodegradable Film)

  • 박광호
    • 현장농수산연구지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.49-57
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    • 2021
  • 생분해성 필름에 종자를 부착하여 논 표면에 펴는 멀칭 건답 및 습답 점파기술은 2015년 주요 곡물·조사료자급률제고사업단, 농촌진흥청 등에서 현장 실증시험을 실시하였다. 그러나 파종 후 관개하였을 때 필름이 뜨는 문제점으로 입모 불안정, 종자 부착에 따른 비용 및 불편 등 문제가 많았지만, 필름이 뜨지 않게 초기 물관리 등을 잘한 포장에서는 기존 건답직파, 무논점파 등과 수량이 거의 같거나 높은 것으로 나타나 이러한 문제점을 보완하면 가능성이 있는 기술로 판단되었다. 2016년 멀칭필름에 종자를 부착하는 방법과 다른 필름을 피복하면서 종자를 점파하는 방법으로 한국농수산대학에서 창안하여 국내 비닐멀칭 농업기계 생산 전문업체와 산학공동연구하여 제작한 멀칭건답점파 시작기에 생분해 필름 원료 공급 및 성형 전문업체와 협업으로 실증시험을 실시한 결과 멀칭 건답점파기는 필름절단장치, 작업선긋기 장치, 안전장치 등을 보완하여 실용화의 가능성이 인정되어 개발을 완료하였다. 하지만 시험에 사용한 생분해 필름은 두께, 성분조성, 물리성 등이 약한 것으로 사료되었으며 특히 담수환경 논 조건에서 빠른 분해로 발생된 잡초가 필름을 뚫고 올라와 7월 하순 잡초 발생이 심하여 문제점으로 나타나 이에 대한 후속 연구가 요구되었다.

주요 외래잡초의 생태적 특성 및 방제에 관한 연구 2. 조사료 포장에 발생하는 주요 외래잡초의 유입경로 및 방제 (Studies on Ecological Characteristics and Control of Exotic Weeds 2. Introduction route and control of exotic weeds in forage crop field)

  • 박근제;윤세형;이종경;김영진
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.103-108
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to investigate the introduced route of exotic weeds and the effects of herbicide treatment. Herbicide trial was arranged as a completely randomized block design with treatment 1(\circled1 Dicamba $1\ell$/ha, \circled2 Mecoprop $5\ell$/ha, \circled3 Bentazone $3\ell$.ha, \circled4 Glyphosate $4\ell$/ha and \circled5 Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 2kg/ha), and treatment 2(\circled1 Dicamba $2\ell$/ha, \circled2 Dicamba $4\ell$/ha, \circled3 Glyphosate $6\ell$/ha, \circled4 Glyphosate 4+Dicamba $1\ell$/ha and \circled5 Glyphosate 4+dicamba $2\ell$/ha) against 10 exotic weed species, and conducted in Suwon, Seosan and Yeongam from 1997 to 1999. Exotic weeds have been mostly introduced within imported cereals for concentrate feed or within seeds for forage production. Most of exotic weeds in forage crop field were controlled more than 95% by herbicide, but it was desirable that the control of exotic weeds was abreast of chemical and ecological method.

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