• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 2012

This study evaluated ecological health, using various biomarkers and bioindicators, of pale chub (Zacco platypus) as a sentinel species, in Daejeon Stream, South Korea, during AprilMay 2011. The biomarkers and bioindicators were compared among three sites of control: Reference ($C_z$), transition ($T_z$), and the urban zones ($U_z$); and the 7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and vitellogenin (VTG) concentrations were more significantly increased in the $U_z$ than in the $C_z$. Also, physiological markers such as condition factor, liver somatic index, visceral somatic index, and gonad somatic index were significantly increased in the $U_z$ than in the $C_z$. For the health assessments, three categorized parameters of blood chemistry, molecular biomarkers, and physiological bioindicators were standardized and calculated as a star-plot, representing values of Integrated Health Response (IHR). Values of IHR had more significant (P<0.05) increases in the $U_z$ than any other zones, indicating an impairment of ecological health by organic matter, nutrients (N, P), and toxic chemicals. This study is based on low levels of biological organization approach of molecular and physiological biomarkers and bioindicators, so further study of high-levels of biological organization approach such as community and population is required for overall range of health assessments. The approach of IHR values, however, may be useful in providing early warning of future impacts on ecological health.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2003

Most denuded mountain areas in Korea were completely stabilized by the successful work of the 1st and 2nd 10-year Forest Development Plans which targeted the reforestation of denuded forest lands. The objectives of this study are (1) to estimate the depth of organic horizon in the soil profile, (2) to investigate the change of vegetation structure, (3) to estimate the change of biomass in the erosion controlled and rehabilitated mountain areas with the passage of time. This study was carried out as the 5th times. The first study began in the year of 1985, the second study was in the year of 1988, the third study was in the year of 1992, 4th was in the year of 1998 and 5th was in the year of 2002. The first study started in the study sites which elapsed 9 years after erosion control works. The results of the study were as follows : The increase rate of soil thickness was estimated to $Y_{(cm)}=2.906log_{(yr)}-3.2476(r^2=0.917)$ during 26 years after erosion control works. The important value of pines decreased to 14.7% on upper layer. But, the important value of alders. which did not plant on erosion control work increased to 27.1%. The decrease of whole crown projection indicates that pines. and alders were heavily injured by pine leaf gall midge in the year of 1993, 1995 years and Agelastica coerulea Baly in the year of 1986, 1987 years at Yoju-gun. The young growth of pines and alders not appeared on the soil surface which elapsed 26 years after erosion control works. On the lower layer, oaks occupied over 50% in I.V, RD, RC, RF. In process of years, the increase of biomass estimated to be $Y_{(t/ha)}={0.7505X_{(yr)}}^{1.6335}\;(r^2=0.9712)$ for 26 years after erosion control works.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.169-180
• /
• 2012

단양쑥부쟁이(Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae)는 한국특산식물이자 환경부 지정 멸종위기식물 II급으로 하천변에 서식하는 식물이다. 본 연구는 지구온난화가 단양쑥부쟁이의 생태적 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 $CO_2$농도와 온도가 상승된 처리구와 대조구에서 종자를 파종하고, 유식물을 키워 발아율, 식물계절학, 영양생장과 생식생장을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 단양쑥부쟁이의 발아율은 대조구보다 처리구에서 더 낮았다. 처리구에서 살아있는 잎의 지속 시기는 대조구보다 더 길었다. 개화와 꽃의 지속 시기, 종자 성숙 시기는 처리구에서 더 느렸다. 지상부와 지하부 무게는 처리구에서 더 가벼웠다. 개체 당 꽃대 수와 꽃대 당 종자개수는 처리구에서 더 적었다. 개체 당 꽃대무게, 꽃대 당 종자무게 그리고 종자 한 개 무게는 처리구에서 더 가벼웠다. 이상으로 볼때, $CO_2$농도와 온도상승은 단양쑥부쟁이의 생태에 부정적인 영향을 준다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제60권1호
• /
• pp.49-61
• /
• 2021

과수에서 초기 해충종합관리(IPM) 모형은 응애류 종합관리를 기반으로 수립되었다고 할 수 있다. 근간은 기존 방제체계인 화학적 방제와 호환적인 포식성 이리응애 천적을 접목한 생물적 방제가 작동하는 것에 있었다. 이후로 생태계 종다양성과 해충 개체군 변동과의 상호작용에 대한 가설과 기작은 과수 생태계에서 응애류 중심의 해충관리에 대한 더 넓은 이해의 폭을 제공하였다. 생태계의 원리를 바탕으로 환경의 개변 또는 변경을 통한 생물적 방제와 해충관리는 농생태공학적 개념으로 발전하고 있다. 특히 응애류 해충의 관리에 있어서는 재배환경의 변화에 따라 관련된 천적의 다양성이 역동적으로 변동되어 작동하고 있으며, 식식성 응애류의 종 구성도 과원관리 환경에 따라 변화를 보이고 있다. 본 원고에서는 사과 IPM의 근간이 되었던 응애류 생물적 방제를 고찰하면서 생태공학적 측면에서 종다양성과 해충관리, 포식성 응애류 종다양성과 응애류 관리, 환경과 응애류의 종 구성 변동 원리에 대하여 기존 사례연구를 바탕으로 재조명하고, 향후 우리나라에서 사과원 응애류의 생물적 방제 전략을 제시하고자 한다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.867-878
• /
• 2011

Development restriction areas (greenbelt areas) of Korea were recognized in 1970 as a means to control urban sprawl and conserve the natural environment. Although there have been some achievements, for a long time many planners and residents have requested a redefining of the green belt due to individual property rights restrictions and urban management problems. In fact, a lot of the greenbelt area is being destroyed by urban development. Therefore, conservation of ecological spaces in the green belt is needed to maintain urban naturalness. In this regard, this study suggests efficient methods to manage the greenbelt through the adoption of a landscape ecological value assessment. The greenbelt of the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) is represented as the case study because there has been mounting pressure to develop the area in Korea. In this study, the assessment of the landscape ecology in the greenbelt area focuses on landscape structure and function. The assessment consists of the following steps: First, patches were derived by NDVI analysis using landsat remote sensing data. Second, characteristics of the patches were quantified by analyzing the landscape structure, such as patch size and shape index. Lastly, the gravity model and least cost path analysis to assess connectivity were applied to evaluate the landscape function in the green belt areas. The assessment result showed that 48.45% of green belt area should be conserved to maintain ecological stability and function. Moreover, major ecological networks were identified near the large patches in the northern and southern areas. However, relative low ecological values were identified in the western part of the green belt area due to the lack of green spaces. Furthermore, some development plans in the green belt were also identified near the conservation area. Based on these results, the restoration needed areas to enhance ecological value in green belt were displayed. This study suggests efficient management of the greenbelt area, which is disappearing as a result of urban development. The area for conservation chosen in this study should be managed carefully in urban planning. Finally, the results of this study can be used in green belt polices and plans for the promotion of ecological naturalness and stability.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.16-26
• /
• 2019

동식물의 서식지 제공 및 수문학적 조절 등 다양한 생태계 서비스를 제공하는 습지는 경관 내 습지간의 상호작용을 통해 생태계를 구성한다. 따라서 습지경관에서의 생태계의 리질리언스 등의 기능을 평가하기 위해서는 습지의 동역학적 특성과 더불어 습지간에 형성되는 생태적 연결성 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 습지를 생태학적 노드로 정의하여 습지 서식종의 분산 모형에 따라 발생하는 습지간 연결을 통해 생태 네트워크를 생성하고 네트워크 분석 방법을 통해 생태 네트워크의 특성을 비교, 분석하였다. 임계거리를 활용한 분산모델 (threshold distance)의 경우 확률적인 분산모델(exponential dispersal kernel, heavy-tailed dispersal model)과 비교하여 국지적인 군집화가 높으나 습지 간의 이동에는 비효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면 확률적 분산모델의 경우 국지적인 군집화는 낮게 나타나나 습지 경관 내에서의 이동은 효율적인 것으로 나타남에 따라 분산 모델에 따른 생태 네트워크 특성에 차이가 발생함을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 향후 습지경관 리질리언스 분석을 위한 생태 네트워크 구축의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.165-177
• /
• 2024

Volatile compounds (VOCs) are an important factor affecting meat quality. However, the characteristic VOCs in different parts of donkey meat remain unknown. Accordingly, this study represents a preliminary investigation of VOCs to differentiate between different cuts of donkey meat by using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with chemometrics analysis. The results showed that the 31 VOCs identified in donkey meat, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, and esters were the predominant categories. A total of 10 VOCs with relative odor activity values ≥1 were found to be characteristic of donkey meat, including pentanone, hexanal, nonanal, octanal, and 3-methylbutanal. The VOC profiles in different parts of donkey meat were well differentiated using three- and two-dimensional fingerprint maps. Nine differential VOCs that represent potential markers to discriminate different parts of donkey meat were identified by chemometrics analysis. These include 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-heptanone. Thus, the VOC profiles in donkey meat and specific VOCs in different parts of donkey meat were revealed by HS-GC-IMS combined with chemometrics, whcih provided a basis and method of investigating the characteristic VOCs and quality control of donkey meat.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제105권4호
• /
• pp.510-516
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 실외 실험적 온난화 시스템 내에서 적외선등을 이용하여 온난화 처리를 한 다음 발아 당년의 활엽수 4개 수종(물푸레나무, 느티나무, 거제수나무, 굴참나무) 묘목의 생리적 반응을 알아보고자 수행되었다. 적외선등은 2015년 4월부터 가동되었으며, 온난화 처리구 내의 묘목들은 대조구에 비해 $2.7^{\circ}C$ 높은 대기온도 하에서 생육되었다. 기공전도도, 증산속도 및 순광합성률은 동년 7월과 9월에, 엽록소 함량은 7월과 10월에 각각 측정하였다. 온도 증가에 대한 묘목의 생리적 반응은 수종과 측정 시기에 따라 다른 결과를 나타내었다. 즉 기공전도도($mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)는 물푸레나무(대조구:$158.97{\pm}42.76$; 온난화 처리구:$42.07{\pm}8.24$), 느티나무(대조구:$170.53{\pm}27.22$; 온난화 처리구: $101.17{\pm}42.27$), 거제수나무(대조구:$249.93{\pm}47.39$; 온난화 처리구:$150.73{\pm}26.52$)에서 온난화 처리에 의해 감소하였다. 그리고 증산속도($mmol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)도 물푸레나무(대조구:$4.08{\pm}0.62$; 온난화 처리구:$1.74{\pm}0.39$), 느티나무(대조구:$4.32{\pm}0.44$; 온난화 처리구:$3.24{\pm}1.14$), 거제수나무(대조구:$6.21{\pm}0.38$; 온난화 처리구:$4.66{\pm}0.28$)에서 대조구에 비해 온난화 처리구에서 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 한편, 굴참나무의 경우 기공전도도와 증산속도의 처리 간 차이가 유의하지 않았다. 엽록소 함량은 대부분의 수종에서 온난화 처리에 의해 증가하였으나, 순광합성률은 모든 수종에서 처리 간의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이는 온난화 처리의 영향이 미미하여 순광합성률의 변화에까지 영향을 미치지 못하였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 2014

BACKGROUND: Recent studies using various industrial wastes for heavy metal stabilization in soil were conducted in order to find out new alternative amendments. The acid mine drainage sludge(AMDS) contains lots of metal oxides(hydroxides) that may be useful for heavy metal stabilization not only waste water treatment but also soil remediation. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of acid mine drainage sludge for heavy metals stabilization in soils METHODS AND RESULTS: Alkali soil contaminated with heavy metals was collected from the agricultural soils affected by the abandoned mine sites nearby. Three different amounts(1%, 3%, 5%) of AMDS were applied into control soil and contaminated soil. For determining the changes in the extractable heavy metals, $CaCl_2$ and Mehlich-3 were applied as chemical assessments for metal stabilization. For biological assessments, lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) and chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa var. glabra) were cultivated and accumulation of heavy metals on each plant were determined. It was revealed that AMDS reduced heavy metal mobility and bioavailability in soil, which resulted in the decreases in the accumulation of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in each plant. CONCLUSION: Though the high level of heavy metal concentrations in AMDS, any considerable increase in the heavy metal availability was not observed with control and contaminated soil. In conclusion, these results indicated that AMDS could be applied to heavy metal contaminated soil as an alternative amendments for reducing heavy metal mobility and bioavailability.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.43-61
• /
• 2017

The wetlands are facing environmental changes such as desiccation that occurs with the passage of time and reduced ecosystem services from wetlands in the city. In order to maintain the ecosystem services provided by wetlands in urban areas, a system thinking about the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services occurring as the wetlands undergo environmental changes is needed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop strategies for wetland design using system thinking approach to enhance the resilience of ecosystem services degraded by the desiccation of wetlands and other disturbances. The objectives of this study include the system boundary and variables. Second, analyzing the dynamics of wetland design strategy. Third, it analyzes the trade-off phenomenon of ecosystem services in terms of the hydrology, hydric soil, and plants strategies to mitigate these effects. Fourth, wetland basic design to improve the resilience of ecosystem services. A wetland in Abuk-Mountain Neighborhood Park, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, has been selected as a case study. Causal loop diagrams(CLDs) are used to analyze feedback in the wetland regime. In summary, hydrology, hydric soil, and plants is suggested as system boundaries to design plan. Design strategies for the wetland focused on robustness, redundancy, rapidity, and resourcefulness as a result of CLD analysis are first proposed in order to effectively maintain the wetland regime over the long term. Secondly, in a section related to hydrology, the CLD results show the trade-offs between provisioning-cultural services and regulating services. In order to control these services, a "water cycling system" has been implemented due to its strength in terms of robustness. The CLDs for hydric soil showed the trade-offs between regulating services and supporting services. An "installation of storm drainage for maintaining water levels" was selected due to the strength offered in terms of redundancy and rapidity. The CLDs for plants showed the trade-offs between provisioning - cultural services and regulating services. In order to control the strategic points, the "planting of indigenous vegetation" was suggested given the strength in terms of redundancy. In this study, a wetland design method is proposed that can improve the resilience of wetland ecosystem services by analyzing the dynamics overtime. The results of this research can theoretically be applied to help restore ecosystem services in wetlands using ecological landscape design. In addition, this study will contribute to reducing maintenance costs by improving wetland resilience.