• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.90-90
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• 2019

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.323-333
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• 2022

Filenchus cylindricus (Thorne & Malek, 1968) Niblack & Bernard, 1985 was reported from the sandy rhizospheric soils of Poa pratensis and for the first time in Korea. Females and males are molecularly characterized and morphological and morphometric data supplied. Identification was made using an integrative approach considering morphological characteristics and inferences drawn from the analyses of the D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of rRNA partial sequences. Females and males from Korea conform to the type descriptions and also to subsequent species descriptions from Iowa and Colorado USA, Sudan and Pakistan. Despite the close morphological and morphometric similarities with F. thornei (Andrássy, 1954) Andrássy, 1963, the two species can be adequately differentiated based on molecular data inference.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

Investigation of carabid beetles as on ecological indicator species for wetland characterization and monitoring was conducted in three types of wetlands such as emergent wetland, forested wetland, and estuary, During the investigation period, twenty-eight species belonging to twenty-two genera and three families(Carabidae, Harpalidae, Brachinidae) were identified. The diversity of carabid beetles at riverine wetland such as Woopo (H'=1.18) and Hwapo-neup (H'=1.08) were higher than in the forested wetland (H'=1.03) and estuarine (H'=0.91). Species compositions in each wetland were significantly different(${\chi}^2=1716.8$, P<0.01). Riverine wetlands differed significantly from the forested wetland. Indicator species for the wetland chose with indicator species analysis were reacted sensitively on the parameter such as soil composition, moisture of soil, and environmental change. Thus, it was consequently suggested that these indicator species may be applied for wetland characterization and monitoring of the wetland ecosystem.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.36-36
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• 2014

Apple blotch, caused by Marssonina coronaria, induce early defoliation in apple and leading to critical economic losses in apple orchards in Korea. Since M. coronaria is difficult to culture, we developed isolation and cultural method. We collected M. coronaria isolates from Gyeongbuk Province and then constructed phylogentic tree based on ITS regions. As the results, phylogenetic relationship indicated that all Korean isolates formed a same cluster and closely related to Chinese isolates [1]. Ecological characteristic of M. coronaria have been observed in apple orchards which located in Gyeongbuk Province from 2011 to present. As the results, the typical apple blotch symptoms were observed from July, and then the infected leaves were discolored and formed acervuli on the leaves. After rainfall, severe infection of symptoms such as discoloration and early defoliation were continuously observed until October. Also overwintered conidia were observed in next March on the fallen diseased leaves [2]. In the last 5 years, ascopores of M. coronaria were not observed in apple orchards which were severely infected by M. coronaria in Korea. Thus, it is assumed that overwintered conidia could be a primary inoculum of M. coronaria. Meanwhile, apple blotch has long latent periods compare to other apple disease. During the latent period, early diagnosis of apple blotch is the most important to control the disease by spray fungicide. In this reason, we developed novel diagnostic method to detect M. coronaria during latent period using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method [2, 3]. In this presentation, it will introduce ecological characterization of M. coronaria in Korea and unique detection technique of M. coronaria in apple. It will be helpful to develop new strategies to control apple blotch in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.28-28
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• 2023

Most countries worldwide are finding it difficult to make decisions regarding the utilization of water resources and the ecological flow protection of rivers because of serious water shortages and global climate warming. To overcome this difficulty, accurate ecological flow processes and protected ecological objectives are required. Since the introduction of the concept, ecological flow calculations have been developed for more than 60 years. This technical development has always been dominated by countries such as the United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom. The technical applications, however, vary substantially worldwide. Some countries, for instance, did not readjust the method because of a lack of understanding of the ecological effect or because they failed to achieve elaborate scheduling. Mostly, readjustments were not made because the users could not make their choices from among numerous methods for ecological flow. This paper presents three research results based on a systematic review of 240 methods with clear connotation boundaries. First, the ecological flow algorithm was developed along with the scientific and technological progress in the river ecosystem theory, ecohydrological relationship, and characterization and simulation of hydrological and hydrodynamic processes. In addition, the basis of the method has evolved from the hydrological process of the ecosystem, hydraulics-habitat conditions, and social development interference to whole ecosystem simulation. Second, 240 methods were classified into 50 sub-categories to evaluate their advantages and disadvantages according to the ecological flow algorithms of hydrology, hydraulics, habitat, and other comprehensive methods. According to this evaluation, 60% of the methods were not suitable for further application, including the method based on the percentage of natural runoff. Furthermore, the applicability of the remaining methods was presented according to the evaluation based on the aspects of allocation of water resources, water conservancy project scheduling, and river ecological evaluation. Third, In the future, most developing countries should strengthen the guarantee of high-standard ecological flow via a coordination mechanism for the ecological flow guarantee established under a sustainable framework or via an ecological protection pattern at the national level according to the national system. Concurrently, a reliable ecological flow demand process should also be established on the basis of detailed investigation and research on the relationship between river habitats, ecological hydrology, and ecological hydraulics. This will ensure that the real-time evaluation of ecological flow forces the water conservancy project scheduling and accurate allocation of water.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1997.10b
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• pp.138.1-138
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• 1997

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.88.1-88
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• 2003

Antogonistic bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp., causing serious damage to golf course grasses, were isolated from the top soil of several golf courses in Korea. The isolate of Limk0102 was selected as the biological agent by characterization of antifungal activity, large scale preparation, fungicides tolerance and ecological fitness to the targe environment. The isolate was identified as Bacillus subtilis by biochemical and physiological characterization, and 165 rDNA sequence analysis. The bacterial agent was formulated as a granule type by seeding it on fine sand. The formulated agent showed high recovery rate (more than 10$\^$8/ cells/g sand) even after 6 month-storage at room temperature with similar antifungal activity with that of original cells. In vitro, the biological agent successfully exhibited antagonistic performance on bentgrass inoculated with R. solani or Pythium spp. isolated from the diseased grasses on golf courses. Field evaluation on disease control activity and ecological fitness of the agent is now under going on several golf courses.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1322-1329
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• 2011

Filamentous fungi colonizing rice straw were collected from 11 different sites in Korea and were identified based on characterization of their morphology and molecular properties. The fungi were divided into 25 species belonging to 16 genera, including 14 ascomycetes, one zygomycete, and one basidiomycete. Fungal cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes were assessed through a two-step process, wherein highly active cellulase- and/or hemicellulase-producing fungi were selected in a first screening step followed by a second step to isolate the best enzyme-producer. Twenty-five fungal species were first screened for the production of total cellulase (TC), endo-${\beta}$-1,4 glucanase (EG), and endo-${\beta}$-1,4 xylanase (XYL) using solid-state fermentation with rice straw as substrate. From this screening, six species, namely, Aspergillus niger KUC5183, A. ochraceus KUC5204, A. versicolor KUC5201, Mucor circinelloides KUC6014, Trichoderma harzianum 1 KUC5182, and an unknown basidiomycete species, KUC8721, were selected. These six species were then incubated in liquid Mandels' media containing cellulose, glucose, rice straw, or xylan as the sole carbon source and the activities of six different enzymes were measured. Enzyme production was highly influenced by media conditions and in some cases significantly increased. Through this screening process, Trichoderma harzianum 1 KUC5182 was selected as the best enzyme producer. Rice straw and xylan were good carbon sources for the screening of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

This study constructed a high-resolution bioclimatic classification map of South Korea which classifies land into homogeneous zones by similar environment properties using advanced statistical techniques compared to existing ecological area classification studies. The climate data provided by WorldClim(1960-1990) were used to generate 27 bioclimatic variables affecting biological habitats, and key environmental variables were derived from Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. Clustering Analysis was performed using the ISODATA method to construct a 30'(~1km) resolution bioclimatic classification map. South Korea was divided into 21 regions and the results of classification were verified by correlation analysis with the Gross Primary Production(GPP), Actual Vegetation map made by the Ministry of Environment. Each zones' were described and named by its environmental characteristics and major vegetation distribution. This study could provide useful spatial frameworks to support ecosystem research, monitoring and policy decisions.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.845-852
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• 2007

The highly evolved flowers of orchids have colorful sepals and fused columns that offer an opportunity to discover new genes involved in floral development in monocotyledon species. In this investigation, we cloned and characterized the homologous PISTALLATA-like (PI-like) gene PhPI15 ($\underline{Ph}alaenopsis$ $\underline{PI}$ STILLATA # $\underline{15}$), from the Phalaenopsis hybrid cultivar. The protein sequence encoded by PhPI15 contains a typical PI-motif. Its sequence also formed a subclade with other monocot PI-type genes in phylogenetic analysis. Southern analysis showed that PhPI15 was present in the Phalaenopsis orchid genome as a single copy. Furthermore, it was expressed in all the whorls of the Phalaenopsis flower, while no expression was detected in vegetative organs. The flowers of transgenic tobacco plants ectopically expressing PhPI15 showed male-sterile phenotypes. Thus, as a Class-B MADS-box gene, PhPI15 specifies floral organ identity in orchids.