• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.45-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to overview foreign trends in the study of the landscape ecology through new framework of landscape ecological studies and to suggest possibility and limitation of introduction of landscape ecology studies in Korea. Because of historical reasons rooted in different disciplines, landscape ecology of the present time is not unified at all. Therefore, landscape ecology should be understood in an integrative manner accommodating different views and various aspects of landscape(NOOS, GEOS, BIOS). Facing the increasing environmental problems and the goal of sustainable landscape, the principle of a holistic approach complementarity and transdisciplinarity outlined in this paper (esp. connection physical-materials and cognitive system) might help to understand the characteristics of landscapes and landscape ecology. Important steps towards this direction are the landscape survey, diagnosis, the identification of landscape functions, the development of landscape evaluation models and landscape planning system. Recently there have been a few landscape ecological researches in Korea, which tells there have been strong needs to solve practical landscape problems caused by the rapid socioeconomic growth for several decades. However, almost of this studies are focused on cognitive and visual aspects of landscapes defined boundaries of disciplines. But for more holistic approach complementarity and transdisciplinarity in landscape ecological studies, many other aspects such as the consideration of geoecological and bioecologocal variables, preperation of ecological basic data(mapping) and the development of landscape planning as a tool for practical application should be integrated into the whole landscape system.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2018

Phosphorous remains as one of the most limiting nutrients to plant growth, second only to nitrogen. Research on use of biochar as a soil amendment for available phosphorus in temperate calcareous soils has limited studies compared with to tropical acidic soils. An incubation experiment to assess phosphorous availability in a biochar amended calcareous soil under inorganic (Fused superphosphate, FSP) and organic fertilizer (bone meal, BM) and respectively, at the dose of 40, 80 and $120mg\;P\;kg^{-1}$ was carried out. Soil was incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 70 days. Results show that the rate of increase in available P was proportional to the fertilizer application rate with or without biochar amendment. Biochar did not have a significant effect on soils amended with either fertilizeron the values of available P. However, time had a significant effect (p<0.001) on the amount of available P during the incubation period. Inorganic fertilizer treatments had recorded high amount of available P with time compared to organic fertilizer treatments. Organic fertilizer treatment sample were significantly not different from control and for most of the incubation time biochar acted as a soil conditioner. Further research is required to understand the holistic and long-term effect of biochar.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to analyze causes of wife abuse through married couples as the research subject. The study employed ecological perspective to the study of wife abuse as an multiple dimensional and integrated paradigm combined with isolated theories of other research. The subjects were 369 married couples who live in Gwangju area. Data were analyzed with Cronbach'α, factor analysis, basic statistics, paired-t test, 1-test, ANOVA, Duncan's test, correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression analysis. and hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS 10.0 for windows. The major findings were as follows; 1. The psychological abuse score, physical abuse score, and sexual abuse score were lower than median without exception. Hut prevalence rates of wife abuse were considerably serious; 91.9% psychological abuse, 44.4% physical abuse, and 53.7% sexual abuse. 2. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the marital conflict had the strongest impact on wife abuse. And the attitude toward wife abuse of husband, hostility of husband, exposure experience of domestic violence during a growth period of husband, perception toward social violence of husband, exposure experience of domestic violence during a growth period of wife, drinking problem of husband, and interpersonal relationships stress of husband had influenced on wife abuse. These variables accounted for 49.5% of variance of wife abuse behaviors. As the result of the study, it concludes that the ecological systemic approach on the cause of wife abuse is useful as a theoretical instrument. Suggestions and implications are made for further research and practical application.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.335-346
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• 2007

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

The concept of carrying capacity for bivalve culture of an area can be classified into four hierarchical categories, according to their level of complexity and scope, such as physical, production, ecological and social carrying capacity. Most scientific efforts to date have been directed towards modelling production carrying capacity and some of the resultant models have been used successfully. But, the modelling of ecological carrying capacity is still in its infancy, because it should consider the whole ecosystem and all culture activities. A more holistic approach is needed to determine the influence of bivalve aquaculture on the environment and ecological carrying capacity. As an alternative, we can use a set of ecological indicators which can show the environmental performance of bivalve farms and assess ecological carrying capacity. Clearance efficiency and filtration pressure indicators show the value of 0.331 and 0.203, respectively, and these indicators suggest that the present level of culture in GeojeHansan Bay is above the ecological carrying capacity of 0.05. Consequently, these indicators can provide a guidance on the present level of culture in regard to production and ecological carrying capacity in GeojeHansan Bay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.61-71
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• 2015

The objectives of this study are to construct an ecoregion map and to extract ecological factors from each ecoregion to adapt FLR (Forest Landscape Restoration) of North Korea. An ecological map was constructed by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) and MGC(Multivatiate Geographical Clustering). An ANOVA test verified the differences among ecoregions, and post-hoc pair wise comparisons were performed to determine similarities between them. Factor analysis was conducted to extract ecoregional characteristics. Ecoregions were distributed into clusters reflecting differences of south and north and of east and west of their ecological factors. About 12% of land area in North Korea shared similar ecological factors with South Korea, but the remaining 88% was found to be ecologically different. The ANOVA test showed a p-value of 0.000, indicating significant differences between the regions. Post-hoc pair wise comparisons indicated statistically significant similarities in annual mean temperature between ecoregion D and G, precipitation seasonality between ecoregion H and O, and precipitation of the warmest quarter between ecoregion K and O. Because ecoregion A and N showed same in their soil water contents, they were assumed that the dense of forest cover in the Southern ecoregion A is similar to that in the Northern ecoregion N of Korean peninsular. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to accommodate quantitative and spatial based planning, when South Korea aids forest restoration projects in North Korea. In addition, it is recommended for both South and North Korea to share on Forest Landscape Restoration methodologies with each other.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2000

This is a study to generate a theoretical base for the development of wildlife corridor as a solution to the problems of wildlife population size reduction and declining bio-diversity resulting from the fragmented habitats caused by road constructions. This study seeks to examine and define techniques in very aspect of wildlife corridor including planning, site selection, design and development, and maintenance through an actual application. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The wildlife corridor should be developed in an approach supplementing a landscape ecological approach and a restoration ecological approach bilaterally. To this end, systematic methodology and process are required. 2) It was restored an ecosystem as close as possible go to the forest ecosystem before road development. In addition, in order to allow it to function as an ecological corridor, topography restoration, stream development, and ecological plantation were implemented. 3) The result of monitoring activities that continued for one year since the development confirmed the migration and inhabitation of a number of animals including small mammals. It is judged that it functions as a corridor in fragmented habitats as initially expected. 4) Through continuous monitoring in the future, the effects of corridor development on ecological restoration need to be reviewed in a long-term perspective. There is also a need to develop and refine a comprehensive maintenance plan for wildlife corridors and their surroundings. Based on such study results, actual data on the development of wildlife corridor should be accumulated. In follow-up studies, after continuous monitoring for a long period of time, the effects of wildlife corridor development should be evaluated comprehensively and wildlife corridor applicable to Korea should be standardized by correcting disclosed problems.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.311-323
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• 2004

To date, restoration ecology has focused on local areas, particularly small-scale ecosystems. As such, restoration ecology has been applied to areas with clear boundaries, such as roads, abandoned mines, wetlands, and forest ecosystems. However, those involved in these restoration efforts, due to their tendency to implement comprehensive plans to change the landscape structure, and their mismanagement of the restoration process, have more often than not wound up weakening the ecological functions of surrounding ecosystems, and in further degrading the ecosystem which they were trying to restore. To resolve these problems and restore a comparatively large-scale region, methods to assess the impact of such restoration efforts on surrounding ecosystems must be developed. These include expanding the scale of restoration efforts; in other words, moving from the local to the landscape scale. As a conclusion, practice of ecological restoration is increasingly moving towards landscape scale in order to deal with these problems.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.117-122
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• 2019

City parks play an important role in reducing the air pollution and mitigating the city heat island effect caused by global warming. However, from July 2020, restricted parks over 20-year will be partially lifted due to sunset regulation on parks. As a result, the government and local governments have been making efforts to revitalize parks, such as creating ecological parks and securing park sites. However, building winds generated by high-rise buildings constructed around ecological parks in the city may cause discomfort to pedestrians and threaten the ecosystems of plants and animal that live in ecological parks. There are no clearly proposed as standards for wind environment assessment in Korea, but also it has been rarely studied on pedestrian wind environment. In this study, wind environment studies have been reviewed to find the important parameters related to wind environment assessment. Further, wind climate analysis using wind data obtained by Seoul meterological station was performed to examine the possibility of applicability of the wind environment assessment on the city ecological parks.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.25
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• pp.236-244
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• 2000

The concept of the true house' is based on the balance of a person's life and nature and represents the life in which lies an organic harmony between environment and ecology. However, humans have always been in a position of dominance over nature and with their developments have brought on much destruction and corruption to the ecosystem. With this, the position of the true house has intensified and the ecological approach of architecture has started to come into consideration as its alternative plan. Accordingly, it is essential to reconstruct and take on a new perspective of nature. The conversion to a more Oriental approach, which dwells in the adaptation and harmony of nature, is especially sufficient to the ecological aspect of architecture. From this we can realize that the ecological approach is none other than a modern interpretation of what our ancestors have lived by. In other words, an architectural concept deriving from the adaptation of climate, season, and nature-the coexistence of man and nature. From an ecological point of view, the idea of favoring nature in the traditional house can be found in the inclination of being one with nature by adapting to its geographical and preferable climate conditions. This results in the use of natural energy, the use of natural resources, the organic connection between the inner and outer natural space, and the application of nature itself. By approaching these elements from a modern point of view and applying it to the current time, we can open up the door to a more lasting human-environment based ecological position of architecture where our own climatic characteristics and traditions can be reflected in the pursuit of harmony between man and nature.