• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.201-214
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• 1996

This study was aimed at evaluating the lipid status of 122 pregnant women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas and were vulnerable in terms of public health, by anthropometric measurements, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing serum lipids content and fatty acids composition. Regarding the skinfold thickness, it has increased more significantly in suprailliac than in triceps, biceps, subscapular, which means body fat has been accumulated in central parts more than in distal parts of the pregnants. It is found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate are desirable while calcium, zinc and copper are low and sodium is excessive. Regarding dietary fat intake, the energy $\%$ of fat was within the same range as RDA(20%) for adults, but energy $\%$ intake from each fatty acid was usually low, especially energy % of monoun-saturated fatty acid intake was below RDA for adult women. And intake ratio of $\omega$6$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Serum lipids concentrations were increased with the length of pregnancy and were higher as compared with non-pregnant women. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially $\omega$6 fatty acids, have gradually decreased with the length of pregnancy. Serum lipids content and fatty acids composition were not greatly influenced by dietary fat but serum free fatty acid level was negatively related to energy, carbohydrate, fatty acids and cholesterol intake. On the basis of the above results, it can be predicted that lipid metabolism for mother and fetus is changed by pregnant status and multilateral research on maternal nutrition in terms of areas and income levels will have to be made. (Korean J Community Nutrition 1(2) : 201-214, 1996)

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2003

This study was performed to suggest growth status data of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea. Field investigation of 70 large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea was carried out in Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chonbuk, Chonnam. The main field of this study is classified into the growth condition, soil state and management situation. The results of this study are below : The age distribution of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea is as follows : above l00years in 5.9%, above 200years in 8.9%, above 300 years in 11.8%, above 400 years in 16.2%, above 500 years in 16.2% and above 600years in 41.1%. Location types of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea are found in 11 types; the types are hill side(22.9%), historical monument area(15.7%), field(l4.3%) and building area(12.9%), etc. Also, growth type of the trees is individually placed. In the aspect of soil environment, the acidification of soils has been appearing in all surveyed areas, and the soil of Seoul area has much acidum phosphoricum because of excessive fertilizer. Finally, in management situation. major factors inhibiting growth of the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea are soil covering of protruded root above ground, soil hardening by human, embankments, small area that has been surrounded fence. Continuous monitoring and accumulation of status data are necessary to preserve the large old trees as the natural monuments of Korea.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is, to examine current foodservice management practices at free meal service organization for elderly people and, to evaluate the attitude of recipients about the service and their ecological background. 6 meal service center as well as randomly selected 120 recipients at Sungnam area were surveyed and interviewed and result were summarized as follow. The cost of each meal (lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and number of attendant at meal service were ranged from 50 to 200 persons. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to noon because greater portion of people (elderly) didn't take breakfast frequently. Most of the center adapted self-service system. Standard recipe was not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experiences of volunteer’s. Recording system of, nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not well adapted by most of the center. In order to measure the level of storage, sanitation etc., scorin system in survey was adapted in this study and result are as follow: The score of sanitation of kitchen was lower than dinning area and that of food storage was lowest score. It was suggested that not only financial but also systematical support on management by local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at the center. The score given by the recipient on the satisfaction of meal service was rate as 4.8 at the 5-point maximum scale. Meeting friends and share social relationship was major reason (41.6% of the total) of visiting to the center. It is suggested that in order to meet the changes of the patterns of change of social and family structure, the service of the center should be extended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.41-55
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• 2005

In an effort to preserve biodiversity in increasingly fragmented green patches, Korea has been installing eco-corridors over or under some arterial or expressways. In a survey of 43 such eco-corridors installed up until the year 2003, some problems and issues were identified. Some selected overseas eco-corridors were also investigated to find implications for the improvements of future installations in Korea. Major findings are; - For most existing eco-corridors, target species are not specified and locations of the eco-corridors are not well considered, and consequently it is questionable if wildlifes are crossing them - Most of existing eco-corridors lack supporting facilities such as fences that guide wildlife to cross them and prevent them from running into the road - Planting on the eco-corridors is not sufficient, not diverse enough in species, and not very considerate of wildlife but designed and planted in a similar manner as in urban parks - Where target species are not well specified, the location, width, cross section, and other aspects of the eco-corridors can not be optimized - It is suggested that eco-corridors are planned at early stages of road planning so that the number and locations of eco-corridor(s) decided as necessary and even the alignment and design of roads consider the installation of eco-corridors in advance - Monitoring of wildlife crossings is needed for improved eco-corridor planning and design - Nationwide green network plan is desirable to be made first and eco-corridors fit into it.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.174-189
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status and growth of Korean infants, who were atending peripheral community clinics in low income areas, by anthropometric measurements and estimating dietary intakes. Dietary intakes and growth were compared among different feeding patterns of 143 infants until age 9 months. The overall mean nutrient intakes of infants in this study were below the recommended allowances except the calcium intake from significant difference in each groups; however, calcium, zinc and iron intake of the formula fed infant(FF) was higher than the breast fed infant(BF) or the mixed fed infant(MF). Form ages 4-6 months, the nutrient intakes were shown to be higher in groups that were given supplementary foods than groups that were not. From ages 7-9 months, all nutrient intakes were higher in or the formula and supplementary foods fed(ESF) infants than in the breast and supplementary food(BSF) or the formula and supplementary food(FSF) groups, All subjets in this study showed a large Z-score. The growth of infants up to 6 months of age showed no significant difference in the feeding pattern, however, after 7 months of age the BSF group had significantly lower weight than the FSF or the ESF groups, There were significant positive relationships between infants weight gain at age 7-9 months from birth and the current protein or zinc intakes. As a result the average status of nutrient intakes of infants in this area was loser than the RDA, however, the growth pattern was fairly good. Although the breast milk is beneficial for infants, mothers should be educated for the importance of supplemental food and its practice to support good mutrition(Korean J Community Nutrition 3 (2) : 174-189, 1998)

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.305-318
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• 1997

This study was aimed at evaluating the nutritional status of Korean lactating women, who were attending peripheral community clinics in low-income areas, by anthropometric measurement, estimating dietary intakes and analyzing the contents of breast milk components, serum lipid content and fatty acid composition. Regarding anghropometric measurements, maternal circumferences decreased significantly at the trunk but not at the limbs. The skinfold thickness on all regions had the tendency to decrease during lactation. It was found that intakes of energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrates were desirable while calcium, zinc, copper and vitamin A were low and sodium was excessive. The energy $\%$of fat was 22.41$\%$of the total energy which is higher than the RDA for adults but it is proper for lactating women, but energy $\%$ from each fatty acid was usually low and an intake ratio of $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acids was desirable. Accordingly, it is thought that dietary fat intake was balanced in quality. Concentrations of the nutrients in matured human milk showed the same range as that reported form different regions with the exception of calcium and magnesium which were relatively low. Serum lipid contents were decreased with the time postpartum and the average serum lipid content of lactating women were similar to the normal range of adults. Serum polyunsaturated fatty acids. especially $\omega$6 fatty acids have gradually increased with the time postpartum, but the composition were not greatly influenced by dietary intakes.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2016

This study conducted a quantitative assessment on the environmental flows associated with climate change in the Gosam Reservoir, Korea. The application of RCP 8.5 climate change scenario has found that the peak value of High Flow Pulses has increased by 36.0 % on average compared to historical data (2001 ~ 2010), which is likely to cause disadvantage on flood control and management but the increase in peak value is expected to make a positive impact on resolving the issue of green algal blooms, promoting vegetation in surrounding areas and encouraging spawning and providing habitats for native species by releasing a larger amount of landslides as well as organic matters than the past. However, the decreasing pattern of the peak value of High Flow Pulses is quite apparent with the trend of delay on the occurrence time of peak value, necessitating a long-term impact analysis. The peak value of Large Floods shows a clear sign of decrease against climate change scenario, which is expected to lead to changes in fish species caused by degraded quality of water and decreasing habitats. A quicker occurrence of Small Floods is also expected to make an impact on the growth cycle of aquatic plants, and the reduction in occurrence frequency of Extreme Low Flows is to contribute to increasing the population of and raising the survival rate of native fish, greatly improving the aquatic ecosystem. The results of this study are expected to be useful to establish the water environment and ecological system in adapting or responding to climate change.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

To effectively use Building Information Modelling (BIM) dealing with semantic information including the entities of building components, the information about building components should be standardized. Like standardized modern buildings. in the past, Korean traditional houses were built according to strict procedures and formats. Therefore, if the Korean traditional house are modelled by using BIM,. not only the Korean traditional house of good quality will be built quickly and cheaply, but also spaces in the existing Korean traditional house will be easily analyzed. However, when analyzing spaces of the Korean traditional house using Space Syntax, some problems are caused in dividing outdoor space such as yard with unclear boundaries, unlike indoor space with clear boundaries surrounded by walls. These comes from the fact that researchers have subjectively divided a space in the house into convex spaces as units for Space Syntax analysis. Therefore, this study aims to develop an objective and rational spatial subdivision technique for Space Syntax analysis of a Korean traditional house modelled by using BIM. We could objectively and reasonably divide a Korean traditional house space into convex spaces by recognizing the building components in the house modelled in the form of Industry Foundation Classes(IFC). Depending on the connection of convex spaces allocated in the spatial subdivision technique, j-graph in Space Syntax could be drawn and the measurements of spatial configurations could be determinded. Through the developed technique, the social properties including the cultural and philosophical aspects of Korean people was identified by measuring the spatial configurations of Korean traditional house. The developed technique will serve as useful means to help architects to find an appropriate purpose of each space for sustainable architecture on the basis of the spatial and social relationships in buildings or urban systems.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Active sunlighting systems have been applied to deliver sunlight into the indoor space where natural light is insufficient, mainly because of the congested high-rise buildings in urban areas. Among various active sunlighting systems, a mirror sunlighting system which is simple structure and economically reasonable has been widely used in different types of spaces such as underground, north facing place and atrium. This study was to evaluate the mirror sunlighting systems, which were consisted of the first mirror of $3.5m{\times}2.5m$, the eight sets of the second mirrors of $1.0m{\times}1.25m$ and a sun tracker. Ten sets of the systems were installed for 40 apartment living rooms, the configuration of $3.5m(W){\times}4.0m(D){\times}2.5m(H)$ where sunlighting were not possible due to high retaining walls located in the front of the living rooms. The 45 HOBO data logger sensors for the indoor illuminance were equipped and 2 Li-cor photometers for outdoor illuminance. Both indoor and outdoor horizontal illuminances were monitored every second from 9am to 3pm on 17 January 2010 under clear sky condition. The results showed that the indoor illuminance of installed mirror sunlighting system was significant relationship with outdoor illuminance and increased the indoor illuminance level by 4.2 times on the whole floor space, by 8 times on the sun patch space of 6m2 and even by 2 times on the no sun patch space. In addition, the luminous conditions of the living room under real sky conditions met the KS recommendation for difficult task (600-1000-1500 lux) such as sewing and reading on whole floor space and sun patch space. It was proved that the benefits of mirror sunlighting systems included an effective technology for penetrating daylight into indoors where sunlighting was not possible and improving occupants' satisfaction and health, and contributing to energy saving in apartments during daytime.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2005

In this study, after establishing assessment framework and reviewing the conceptual evolution and component of EL(Environmental Literacy) through literature review, through middle school students as population, the level of EL and relationship of its related variables were examined. The investigation was consisted of second and third grades of urban and rural middle schools in Choongbook. The used measurement methods were objective evaluation and Likert-type scale. The questionnaire instrument variables were consisted of 80 items on environmental literacy variables and six items on student gender, area of residence, environmental lesson, degree of environmental concern, environmental information, environmental activity as background variables. The major findings of this study were as follows: 1. Although the broad and obscure concept of EL has been evolved until 1992, it has been developed more systematic and precise after 1992. But there is not still an agreed concept. 2. The subordinate components of EL were consisted of cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects. Both ecological knowledge(KEOC) and environmental skill(SKILL) were determined to serve as two powerful predictors of EL. 3. The level of EL of middle school student was showed statistically significant difference to some variables by student gender, residential area, environmental lesson, environmental concern, environmental information, and environmental activity variables. And the most influential variables of EL in middle school student were environmental skill(SKILL), and locus of control (LOC). Based on the findings of this study, the following suggestions are drawn: It should be established a precise concept on EL as the ultimate aim of environmental education both interdisciplinary cooperation and experts of environmental education and also performed further longitudinal study which assessed multidimensional variables which are able to exactly measure the EL of middle school student.