• 한국조경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2008

School forests, an important part of the urban forest, has diverse functions and plays an important role in artificial environment. It has three main functions: educational for children, ecological for nature, and cultural for residents. In spite of its diverse functions and roles, the actual conditions and achievements of school forests have not been correctly evaluated, resulting in institutional inertia. To improve these problems, this study was synthetically conducted by the post occupancy evaluation of users(residents, teachers and students) at school forests. This study can be summarized as follows: 1. The cognition and satisfaction level of school forests supported by private organizations was higher than those by local governments. Therefore, the establishment of a post management system of private organizations is more effective than the simple financial support of local governments. 2. The frequency of use of school forests by residents was higher than that of teachers. Their purposes were mainly to rest or walk However, teachers used school forests for nature observation and education. 3. In a survey of teachers about a reform measure and problems of school forests, the necessity of a post management system and financial security were significant requests. In addition, steady publicity and education, participant program, and incentives for teachers should be considered. This study is meaningful to systematically develop and activate the school forest movement. The integrated approach to the school forest movement reflects opinions of related users and is expected to become a useful foundation in studying about the improvement of city environments.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2013

As longevity of human-beings is extended and the population of aged people increases, diverse issues related with the aged people are presented. The neighborhood space for the aged people is required to be designed based upon the understanding of such difficulties of the elderly and the public outdoor environment is an important environmental resource that can enhance the quality of life and promote the health of the elderly in underprivileged area without burdening them economically. This study aims to research the daily life of the elderly in underprivileged urban area and their utilization styles of outdoor environments in order to find out the push factors and pull factors that induce the aged people to use the outdoor environments. For this purpose, this study carried out an interview survey upon 69 elderly residents and surveyed on 363 elderly residents of low income class who are aged 60 and over and living in decaying area in Jeonju. For the analysis of the collected data, a qualitative and a quantitative analysis were accomplished. As results of study, the elderly in underprivileged area use such outdoor environments as resting facilities, exercise equipment, parks, farming gardens and waterfronts, and the push factors for them to use the outdoor environments were sordid indoor spaces, sense of isolation or loneliness, and the desire for maintaining good health. And the pull factors for them to use the outdoor environments were natural factors, opportunities for social interactions, space for exercise. The obstacles that hinder the elderly in using outdoor environments were the bad health of the elderly, lack of facilities, accessibility and weather conditions. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide basic data for designing the outdoor environments to promote the health of the elderly in urban underprivileged area and to relieve the burdensome problems related with ageing societies.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2012

고해상도 위성영상은 높은 공간해상도의 이점으로 도심지역의 건물 및 도로망 분석, 경관 분석, 생태 환경 평가 등 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있다. 그러나 도심지역의 건물, 교량, 기타 구조물 등 높이 변화를 갖는 개체들은 영상 전체에 걸쳐 그림자 문제를 필연적으로 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 토지 이용 요소를 포함하는 넓은 영역의 도심지에 그림자 추출 기법을 적용하고, 수동으로 추출된 참조 그림자 지도와 비교하여 정량적인 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 Canny 연산자와 팽창 필터를 이용하여 건물 영역의 인접 정보에 대한 버퍼 영역을 생성하고, Gram-Schmitt 융합 영상에 객체분할기법을 적용하여 생성된 객체들의 분광, 공간 인자들을 계산하였다. 이후 계산된 분광 및 공간 인자 특성과 건물 버퍼 영역과의 중첩여부를 바탕으로 도심지역의 그림자 추출에 가장 적합한 인자와 임계 규칙을 생성하였으며 추출된 그림자 지역 중 이상 객체를 추가적으로 제거하였다. 다양한 정량적 평가지수를 통해 제안된 그림자 추출 기법을 평가한 결과80%~90%의 높은 정확도를 나타냈다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2015

이 연구는 2013년 4월부터 10월까지 전남 순천시에서 개최된 2013순천만국제정원박람회가 순천시 도시브랜드와 도시이미지 변화에 미친 영향을 분석한 것이다. 전국민을 대상으로 전화설문조사를 실시하여 순천시의 도시브랜드와 이미지 변화를 살펴본 결과, 전체 응답자의 65.3%가 순천시 도시브랜드에 긍정적인 평가를 하였고, 5개 브랜드 지표 중에서 발전가능성을 가장 높게 평가하였다. 순천시의 정주성에 대한 평가도 양호하였으며, 많은 국민들은 순천시를 생태정원도시로 인식하였다. 한편 순천을 대표하고, 순천을 연상시키는 관광명소는 정원박람회가 아닌 순천만생태공원으로 분석되었다. 따라서 순천정원박람회 개최는 순천의 새로운 도시이미지를 축적하는 계기를 제공한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

Toxicity of ocean dumping wastes(dye waste, urban sewage, food waste) were examined by observing fertilization and embryo development rates of the Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 mL of 0.5 M KCl into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. Experiments were began within 30 min after the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates tests were performed for 10 min and 48 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates in the control condition(not including ocean dumping wastes sludge elutriate) were greater than 90%, but markedly decreased with increasing concentrations of ocean dumping waste sludge elutriate. The fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were significantly inhibited in all waste sludge elutriate from dye waste($EC_{50}$=5.76; $EC_{50}$=4.53), urban sewage($EC_{50}$=9.82; $EC_{50}$=9.67) and food waste($EC_{50}$=3.90; $EC_{50}$=3.27), respectively. The NOEC(>3.13%) and LOEC(3.13%) of fertiliztion and normal embryogenesis rates very similar in all waste sludge elutriate. These results suggest biological assay using the fertilization and embryo development rates of S. nudus are very useful test method for the ecological toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2003

It is required impressive expression of urban night environment that makes city as the safe pleasant, convenient place for the economic activity, cultural pleasure and landmarks. This study aims to establish the proper direction to the outdoor lighting in Seoul by analyzing and comparing the lighting situation and policies among Seoul, Shanghai and Yokohama. 1986 Asian Game and 1988 Olympic Game became very important role of activation of outdoor lighting in Korea. Then, outdoor lighting were facilitated in the cultural heritages and bridges along Han river. Millenium Light Plan, Outdoor Lighting Field of Seoul Architectural Award, 2002 Lightscape Local Plan, hosting 2002 World Cup have been good opportunities for the improvement of outdoor lighting in Seoul. In China, outdoor lighting was introduced to the city of Shanghai according to the orders of the president in 1988. Outdoor lighting of Shanghai have created unique lighting with beautiful color and intensive brightness under the direction of city government. Outdoor lighting of Shanghai needs the standard of lighting design and improvement of lighting facilities. Outdoor lighting was introduced to Japan with 1964 Tokyo Olympic games. Urban outdoor lighting plan was carried out in Yokohama in 1986. In Yokohama, outdoor lighting of civilian and public facilities have been harmonized. And the city government of Yokohama established the committee of promotion of outdoor lighting in its government to support and manage the outdoor lighting with corporation of civilian organization. As the result of comparative analysis on Seoul, Shanghai, Yokohama, Seoul Metropolitan Government needs the criteria and incentive system of outdoor lighting.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2019

하구는 하천이 개방해역과 연결되어 있어 담수와 염수가 만나는 전이지대로 생물다양성이 매우 높고 독특한 생태계를 구성하고 있다. 그러나 하구의 생태적 가치를 인식하기 전부터 다양한 훼손 및 교란이 이루어져 왔으며, 이를 위한 대책이 필요한 실정이다. 하구를 구성하는 하천의 하천기본계획은 지속적인 교란요소로 작용하고 있으나, 수재해로부터 인명피해를 최소화하고 하천의 기능을 강화시켜 국가 수자원을 관리하기 위한 공익적 목적이 있다. 따라서 개발과 생태계 보호라는 대립적 관계가 공존할 수 있는 방안에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해서 환경창이라는 개념을 이용해 하구 생태계가 개발의 부정적인 영향으로부터 교란이 최소화되는 기간인 저영향 개발 기간을 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 저영향 개발 기간 산정방법은 향후 이루어질 개발사업이나 교란·훼손 행위 등으로부터 생태계를 보호하기 위한 근거 및 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

본 연구는 1996년 1월부터 2001년 12월까지 서울시 양재천에서 생태공원화 사업이 조류군집에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 공원화 이후 양재천에서 조류의 종수는 증가하였지만(r²=0.729, p<0.05) 개체수는 증감의 경향이 나타나지 않았다(r²=0.050, p>0.05). 양재천에 서식하는 주요 종을 대상으로 살펴보면, 백로류(Herons)와 오리류(Ducks)는 공원화 이후 개 체 수가 증가하는 경향을 보였는데 이 는 하안식생의 복원과 둔치에 만든 인공연못과 관련 이 있는 것으로 생각된다. 반면에 도요류(Sandpipers), 물떼새류(Plovers) 그리고 할미새류(Wagtails)의 개체수는 감소하였는데 그 원인의 하나는 이들의 주서식지인 둔치의 자갈밭과 모래밭에 자전거 도로가 건설됨으로서 여기에 영향을 받아 개체수가 감소된 것으로 사료된다. 명금류(Songbirds)는 공원화 이후 증가하거나 감소하는 경향을 보이지는 않았지만 부정기적인 제방의 덤불제거작업은 이들의 개체수를 감소시키는 원인으로 작용하였다. 하천 공원화의 일원으로 이루어진 하안식생복원, 인공연못 등과 같은 새로운 서식지 조성은 조류의 서식에 도움을 주었지만 자전거도로 건설과 부정기적인 덤불제거는 부정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2001

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the biotope value in a metropolitan area after constructing the biotope evaluation model to develop biotope networking in the light of ecological landscape planning. In addition this study is to provide a basic frame of constructing the biotope networking system in the future with the evaluation results. The scope of this research is limited to high density residential area including some part of the forest adjacent to urban boundary. The results of the classified biotope in the research area have been turned out to be 24 patterns. According to the result of estimated nature value having the forth grade, three were forests combined with urban natural parks, schools near forests, and grasslands. There is a little place having first grade. We an deduce this fact that we have surveyed biotopes, having the minimum nature value and wider than children's park. As for the result of evaluated the structure, there were the forests of Seong-Dong, Meaho-Dong, and Kumho river, which is the forth grade. As for the evaluation of connection-function, the followings area were evaluated as the third grade-linear biotopes having highly valued and sustainable similarity - Seoul-Pusan Railroad, Dong-Daegu St., Kumho river, river basins. Bum대 park and a botanic park near Suesung lake, As for the evaluated the buffer-function, higly valued production biotopes, existing at a transition belt between he residential density areas, are Sawol-Dong, Meaho-Dong and Kumho river. When each of the indexes was evaluated, the core of the biotop contained most of natural biotopes. Large artificial biotopes were evaluated as an important biotopes, while small artificial biotopes were classified as a dot biotope. The future research on the concrete biotope networking construction, based upon performed evaluation in this research, should be conducted.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.1355-1366
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• 2020

Sediment bacterial communities are critical to the biogeochemical cycle in river ecosystems, but our understanding of the relationship between sediment bacterial communities and their specific input streams in rivers remains insufficient. In this study, we analyzed the sediment bacterial community structure in a local river receiving discharge of urban domestic sewage by applying Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial communities of sediments samples of different pollution types had similar dominant phyla, mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi and Firmicutes, but their relative abundances were different. Moreover, there were great differences at the genus level. For example, the genus Bacillus showed statistically significant differences in the hotel site. The clustering of bacterial communities at various sites and the dominant families (i.e., Nocardioidaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae) observed in the residential quarter differed from other sites. This result suggested that environmentally induced species sorting greatly influenced the sediment bacterial community composition. The bacterial co-occurrence patterns showed that the river bacteria had a nonrandom modular structure. Microbial taxonomy from the same module had strong ecological links (such as the nitrogenium cycle and degradation of organic pollutants). Additionally, PICRUSt metabolic inference analysis showed the most important function of river bacterial communities under the influence of different types of domestic sewage was metabolism (e.g., genes related to xenobiotic degradation predominated in residential quarter samples). In general, our results emphasize that the adaptive changes and interactions in the bacterial community structure of river sediment represent responses to different exogenous pollution sources.