• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2002

This Study aims to find out the planning aspects and detailed techniques in terms of concept of the Ecological Industrial Parks. It consists of the three parts : Firstly, according to theoretical review, this study gives a definition of the concept of ecological industrial parks. Secondly, it institutes planning aspects of ecological industrial parks based on the main concept. Thirdly, 8 case studies show us analysis of detailed techniques used each planning aspects. Ecological industrial parks mean industrial systems which make energy and substance circulated in order to reduce environmental pollutions inside and outside of park like natural ecosystem. To actualize ecological industrial parks, we have to adopt 3 planning aspects which are energy and substance recycling system, environmentally-friendly site planning based on ecology concept, constructing of ecological production and management. In case study, detailed techniques from each planning aspects are shown in table 8. As a result of case study, detailed techniques about planning of energy and substance recycling system is accommodated most. On the other hand, environmentally-friendly site planning techniques based on ecological concept is used passively. And detailed techniques about constructing of ecological production and management are very various as each cases. Finally, in terms of analysis, this study shows us appliable planning when we develop domestic Ecological industrial parks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

Private land within national parks has raised acute questions for impact assessment practitioners as to whether it is ecologically resourceful enough to be conserved or whether it should be removed from national parks and compensated accordingly. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework for spatial decision support through assessing ecological resource of private land within national parks. In order to assess the ecological resource, private land within national parks was analyzed and quantified based upon topography, flora and fauna. National parks, according to the ecological resource assessment, have been divided into three groups : the parks in need of careful attention for conservation; the parks needed to be retained as buffers, and; the parks that can be released to private land. According to the analysis, part of Mountain Joowang is the third-tier land that does not require conservation efforts. This case study intends to help policy-makers decide whether some private land within national parks can be released and, after the release, what should be done to prevent reckless development of the released land.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.49-59
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• 2015

In this research, the connectivity status between natural environment (forests and rivers) and urban parks in view of ecological networks in a city is evaluated and on the basis of these evaluation results, a future connectivity enhancing recommendations are suggested. As a result, the 96.8% of the connectivity role of the neighborhood parks were core or connected parks and as in terms of the ecological pattern on the outer park, 84.1% of the case neighborhood parks were connected to the ecological element at least one side. Therefore, it can be expected to play a role as corridor that enables the direct connection with the natural environment if the connection plan is well established. As a result of connectivity evaluation of the parks, inside of the parks had low ecological element overall and had low connectivity, outside of the parks had 1.5 times more of low connectivity parks than high connectivity parks, and had similar disconnections such as facilities(fence, soundproof walls, breast walls, etc.), developments(roads, apartment complexes, industrial complexes, etc.), or poor greens regardless of the neighborhood with the ecological elements. To increase the connectivity of ecological network, the cities already built shall secure primarily green territory where can connect with the isolated park due to the surrounding with the developing areas and when planning for new cities or residential complexes, it shall establish a connection plan with the nearby at the beginning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.35-50
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• 2023

As urbanization progresses, there is a growing and continuous demand for green spaces that provide ecosystem services. However, increasing the quantity of green spaces within major cities is challenging. Therefore, it is essential to pursue qualitative improvements that consider ecological characteristics of existing green spaces. In this study, we focus on local neighborhood parks in Seoul and present the following two questions through an evaluation utilizing ecological design indicators and land use data: 1. Which factor, design or location, has a greater influence on the ecological quality of neighborhood parks in Seoul? 2. Additionally, when evaluating ecological characteristics, is there similarity between assessments based on land-use data and those utilizing ecological design indicators? For this study, we conducted research on 30 neighborhood parks in Seoul and classified them into mountainous types (adjacent to mountains, natural terrain parks) and urban types (independently designed within 300m without existing forests) based on previous studies. Firstly, we conducted evaluations according to park location types. When comparing the evaluation scores of urban types (14 parks) and mountainous types (16 parks), significant differences were observed with scores of 16.86 and 35.94, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between park types. In terms of habitat quality, the average values for urban and mountainous parks were 0.33 and 0.53, respectively, and statistically significant differences were observed between park types indicating differences in ecological potential according to park location. Secondly, when comparing the results of ecological potential evaluations based on park design and external connectivity, a correlation was found between habitat quality and total scores according to evaluation indicators. The correlation analysis showed significant linear relationships between habitat quality and total scores, biodiversity scores, and ecosystem function scores, with high positive correlation coefficients of 0.829, 0.861, and 0.802, respectively. This study holds significance in analyzing the ecological aspects of urban parks through the lens of both park location characteristics and design indicators. The analysis results underscore the importance of planning and managing ecologically sound urban parks contingent upon their location. Moreover, the utilization of appropriate ecological design indicators can help alleviate environmental limitations surrounding parks. Integrating these considerations could enhance the ecological quality and ecosystem services of urban green spaces.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.237-251
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• 2019

This study evaluated the ecological value of waterside parks by investigating the animal distribution and ecological feature in 92 waterside parks and analyzed the change of ecological awareness by users and non-users of waterside parks through ecological education and promotion based on the investigation results. The result confirmed inhabitation of various animals including 9 endangered species (Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis, Accipiter soloensis, Falco subbuteo, Charadrius placidus, Felis bengalensis euptilura, Lutra lutra, Kaloula borealis, Polyphylla laticollis manchurica, and Leptalina unicolor) in waterside parks. Although waterside parks were constructed to be hydrophilic areas for human use, some of them with high natural characteristics are valued as biological habitat. We investigated user status in 5 areas (Daejeon, Sejong, Cheongju, Kongju, and Buyeo) located at Guem river basin to evaluate people's perception of waterside parks and carried out the ecological education and promotion based on the investigation result. The survey of 200 people showed that there were more users of waterside parks than non-users and that people in their 40's showed the highest use rate. The use frequency of waterside parks located in Daejeon and Cheongju was lower than in other areas (Sejong, Kongju, and Buyeo). We considered it was because Daejeon and Cheongju were urban areas and had relatively more leisure areas such as sports facilities and cafe than other areas, and thus the residents had a lower reliance on waterside parks. Moreover, users used waterside parks more frequently when they were nearer to users' residence. It is because most users perceived waterside parks as the leisure sports facility and thus preferred them to be within walking distance. The users' perception of waterside parks as the ecological space "to be preserved" increased after the ecological education and promotion. The change of the perception was higher among users (80%) than non-users (38%). Therefore, ecological education and promotion were potentially more effective to people who user waterside parks and thus had a higher understanding of the characteristics and specification. In conclusion, 1) although waterside parks were constructed for human use, some parts had high ecological value for the distribution of endangered species and outstanding natural beauty, and 2) it is necessary to change the perception of waterside parks from the hydrophilic attribute to the conservation attribute. Such change of perception would contribute to establishing waterside parks that feature both hydrophilic and conservation attributes in the management or upgrading plan of waterside parks in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.52-61
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the differences of accompanying with environment interpreter in the ecological parks, and providing fundamental knowlege on the effective management method of the ecological parks by reviewing the effects of accompanying environmental parks in the ecological parks. We had done a field experimental design in the Gil-Dong ecological park, and evaluated the differences in the education effects, used types and satisfaction by the educational types - one is control groups, i.e., accompanying without environment interpreter and the other is treatment groups, ie., accompanying with environment interpreter through questionnaire survey and observation survey. The results of study are as follows; 1) In the respect of the effect of knowledge conveyance of the environmental interpreter, there appears higher educational effects of environment and ecology to the visitors of Gil-dong ecological park with an environment interpreter. 2) Accompanying with environment interpreter made the visitors reduce the depreciative behavior but no difference at environmental attitude and satisfaction. This results provide us the effectiveness of the environment interpreters. And more theoretical study is required in the future research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.5 s.118
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• pp.59-69
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• 2006

Nature-learning place is a critical space together with nature center in Natural parks. But there are serious faults on these design and planning as for the landscape ecological consideration. The objective of this paper was to suggest the ecological alternatives through analyzing existing cases of nature-teaming place in Natural parte. Five case sites in Natural parks were selected in Chollabukdo. Three landscape indices- subjectivity, natural prototype, nativity, were introduced for evaluating the existing cases. Results showed that those are short of landscape ecological senses- Biotope target species, ecological vegetation patches, eco-corridor concept. A proposal for the ecological planning in Deokyusan Natural park was suggested according to several criteria with biotopes as forest and stream patches and the corridor. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, existing natural-loaming sites should be evaluated in light of landscape ecological indices. Second, they can be designed to work with the concept of the biotope patch and corridor for target species. The results of this study could provide critical guidelines for the ecological planning and design of natural-loaming sites in nature parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.71-86
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• 2024

Despite the increasing importance of urban parks' ecological functions in dealing with the climate crisis, ecological parks are not clearly defined in Korea's legal system. Numerous ecological parks created nationwide cannot be systematically designated and managed due to various legal bases and varying management authorities. It is important to clarify the legal status of ecological parks in order to lead the ecological paradigm shift of urban parks and to improve the natural park system for a comprehensive and integrated approach to protect the national ecosystem. To this end, related laws were analyzed to identify problems and to draw directions for legislative improvement. Through the literature review of relevant laws, acts, and ordinances, six major directions for improvement were suggested based on the analysis of problems. First, the legal status of ecological parks in the administrative dichotomy of the current park system is ambiguous, and ecological parks should be clarified through the revision of park-related laws. Second, an ecological park can be defined as a sustainable park created and managed in an ecological manner, promoting the protection and restoration of the ecosystem, conservation, and promotion of biodiversity, and balancing nature observation, ecological learning, and leisure activities. Third, the role of the state and local governments should be systematically revised to lead to a new park planning and management model through new governance. Fourth, since the characteristics of ecological parks are affected by individual laws, the possibility of overlapping ecological parks for other uses should be allowed. Fifth, detailed guidelines and standard ordinances need to be enacted to meet the goals, principles, and facilities of ecological parks. Lastly, along with the revision of the laws, ordinances by local governments also need to be more concrete. This study, which tracks various legal realities related to ecological parks, can contribute to policymaking that can systematize the foundation for the creation of ecological parks to preserve nationwide ecosystems and provide citizens with opportunities to experience and learn about nature.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.spc
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• pp.117-122
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• 2019

City parks play an important role in reducing the air pollution and mitigating the city heat island effect caused by global warming. However, from July 2020, restricted parks over 20-year will be partially lifted due to sunset regulation on parks. As a result, the government and local governments have been making efforts to revitalize parks, such as creating ecological parks and securing park sites. However, building winds generated by high-rise buildings constructed around ecological parks in the city may cause discomfort to pedestrians and threaten the ecosystems of plants and animal that live in ecological parks. There are no clearly proposed as standards for wind environment assessment in Korea, but also it has been rarely studied on pedestrian wind environment. In this study, wind environment studies have been reviewed to find the important parameters related to wind environment assessment. Further, wind climate analysis using wind data obtained by Seoul meterological station was performed to examine the possibility of applicability of the wind environment assessment on the city ecological parks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the conservation priorities of unexecuted urban parks in Seoul both from an ecological and public perspective. To this end, two methodologies, ecological network analysis based on graph and circuit theory and accessibility analysis, were employed in order to assess ecological connectivity of and public accessibility to unexecuted parks, respectively. This study applied linkage-mapping methods (shortest path and current flow betweenness centrality) of connectivity analysis to an integrated map of landscape permeability. The population-weighted accessibility to unexecuted parks was measured based on a negative exponential distance decay function. As a result, for both ecological connectivity and accessibility, Gwanaksan, Suraksan, and Bulamsan urban natural parks are found to be the most important (rank 1-3) to be conserved. For these sites, inner park areas with conservation priorities for connectivity and accessibility were identified. The findings of the study can be used for giving conservation priority to the unexecuted urban parks in terms of long-term sustainable urban planning.