• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2012

Quercus aliena and Q. serrata are both occur as natural vegetation alongside natural freshwater bodies of the southern Korea Peninsula. Q. serrata dominates over Q. aliena as secondary forest vegetation in the present day. In order to explain these natural distributional traits of the oak species, we conducted some experiments with oak seedlings which treated with major important environmental resources, including light, moisture and nutrients, under controlled conditions. We then measured the ecological niche breadths and overlap from 15 eco-morphological characteristics. The ecological niche breadth of Q. aliena and Q. serrata were higher in terms of the nutrient factor applied, but was lower terms of light. The niche breadth of Q. serrata was wider than that of Q. aliena in light and moisture exposure. On the other hand, the niche breadth of Q. aliena was similar with that of Q. serrata in terms of the nutrient factor applied. These results imply that Q. serrata has a broader ecological distribution in over a wider variety of light and moisture environments than that of Q. alien. Ecological niche overlap between two oak species was the widest in terms of the light treatment factor applied, and narrowest in terms of moisture. This response pattern was also verified by cluster and principle component analysis. These results suggest competitive interactions between Q. serrata and Q. aliena seedlings may be higher for light resources than moisture or nutrient resources, and that Q. serrata is more shade tolerant than Q. aliena.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

신갈나무의 생태적 특성을 밝히기 위하여 유식물의 주요 환경요인 중 광, 수분과 영양소를 각각 4구배로 처리하고, 2007년 3월~10월까지 양묘하여 17가지의 형태 및 생태형질을 측정하여 생태적 지위폭을 계산하였다. 그리고 이 지위폭과 상수리나무와 굴참나무와의 생태적 중복역을 비교분석하여 3종의 분포적 특성과 경쟁관계를 생태적으로 해석하고자 하였다. 신갈나무의 생태적 지위폭은 환경요인 중 영양소구배에서 가장 낮았고, 수분구배에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 광구배에서는 그 중간이었다. 신갈나무는 광환경에 대해서만 상수리나무나 굴참나무보다 생태적 지위폭이 큼으로써 이는 3종의 참나무가 경쟁시 광환경에서는 신갈나무가 우월하며, 또한 한반도에서 신갈나무가 우점하는 원인 중의 하나가 광환경에 대한 높은 적응력일 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 신갈나무-상수리나무와 신갈나무-굴참나무의 생태적 중복역은 수분구배에서 가장 넓었고, 영양소구배에서 가장 좁게 나타났다. 광구배에서는 그 중간이었다. 이는 참나무 3종이 영양소환경이나 광환경에 대해서는 서로 간 생태적 분화가 수분 환경보다 상대적으로 많이 일어났음을 뜻한다. 유집분석과 주성분분석을 이용한 참나무 3종의 환경구배에 대한 반응에서는 신갈나무-상수리나무 간의 공간적 위치는 신갈나무-굴참나무 간의 위치보다 서로 가깝게 배열되어 나타났다. 이상의 결과는 신갈나무와 상수리나무는 생태적 지위가 유사하여 환경요인, 특히 수분환경에 대한 경쟁이 신갈나무와 굴참나무에 비해 더 심하게 일어남을 의미한다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2013

본 연구는 온대 남부, 중부, 북부지역의 소나무림을 대상으로 기상인자, 생육인자에 대해 생태적 지위폭(ecological niche breadth)을 분석하였으며, 향후 기후 변화에 따른 소나무림 분포에 미치는 환경 인자를 규명하기 위해 수행하였다. 2010년 9월부터 10월까지 강릉, 정선, 평창, 함양, 봉황, 영양, 울진, 의성 보성 9개 지역에 $20{\times}20m$의 방형구를 설치하여 수고, 흉고 직경, 지하고, 수관폭, 흉고단면적을 생육인자로 이용하였으며, 기상인자는 최저기온, 평균기온, 최고기온, 습도, 강수량을 조사지역에서 가장 가까운 관측소의 측정값을 이용하였다. 5가지 기상인자에 대한 생태적 지위폭은 습도를 제외한 기상인자에서 생태적 지위폭이 낮게 나타났으며, 기상변화에 따른 소나무의 분포역이 한정될 가능성이 높아지는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 강수량과 기온변화가 소나무림의 분포에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 특히 최고기온의 경우 대부분의 조사지역에서 0.4이하의 낮은 생태적 지위폭을 보였다. 하지만 5가지 생육인자에 대한 생태적 지위폭은 모든 조사지역에서 높게 나타났으며, 이는 소나무가 환경변화에 적응하여 분포역이 넓다는 것을 의미하는 것으로 기상인자와는 상반되는 결과를 보였다. 이러한 결과의 원인은 생육인자의 경우 과거 안정된 환경에 적응하여 지속적으로 생장하였기 때문에 생육 내성의 범위가 커 소나무의 생태적 지위폭이 넓게 나타났으며, 반대로 기상인자의 경우 지속적인 지구온난화의 결과로서 소나무가 생육하기 어려운 조건으로 변하기 때문으로 판단되며, 향후 기온상승으로 인한 소나무림의 분포지역의 감소가 지속적으로 이루어질 것으로 전망된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.429-439
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• 2013

한반도의 참나무 중 수분과 유기물이 많은 입지에 분포하는 상수리나무와 수분이나 양분이 적은 척박한 건조지에 분포하는 굴참나무를 대상으로 대기 중의 $CO_2$ 농도와 기온이 상승하고 환경요소인 광, 토양수분, 영양소가 변화할 때 두 종의 생태 지위폭과 생태 지위 중복역에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 요소가 어떤 것인지 알아보고자 하였다. 유리온실 내에서 대기 중의 $CO_2$ 농도를 그대로 반영한 대조구와 이보다 $CO_2$ 농도는 약 1.6배와 온도는 $2.2^{\circ}C$ 상승시킨 온난화처리구에서 유식물에 주요 환경요인 중 광, 토양수분과 영양소를 각각 4구배로 처리하여 두 종의 생태 지위폭과 생태 지위 중복역을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 상수리나무의 생태 지위폭은 대조구와 온난화처리구간에 통계적인 차이는 없었고, 굴참나무의 생태지위폭은 대조구에 비해 온난화처리구의 영양소 처리구에서 감소하였다. 상수리나무와 굴참나무의 생태 지위 중 복역은 대조구에 비해 온난화처리구의 토양수분과 영양소 처리구에서 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 유식물을 대상으로 실험한 결과로 성측목에 적용하는 것은 한계가 있으나, 지구온난화가 진행됨에 따라 상수리나무와 굴참나무는 토양수분과 영양소 환경에 의한 경쟁이 약해질 것으로 유추할 수 있다. Cluster 분석과 PCA 분석 결과, 두 종은 $CO_2$ 농도 및 온도 증가에 의한 반응보다 광 환경에 따라 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1050-1062
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• 2012

Concepts of science have been developed by occupying 'ecological niche' within conceptual ecology. The ecological niche is determined from the mutual effect between intellectual environmental of the learner and new concept, which few studies have been conducted. This study examined how the ecological niche of the concept of photosynthesis in $7^{th}$ grade is changed by instruction. The ecological niche was analyzed using 2 methods: (1) the change in the diversity of concepts, and (2) the change in the proximity of concepts based on the frequency and the relativeness score of the concepts. The concept of photosynthesis was analyzed in the 4 domains in the place of photosynthesis, products of photosynthesis, reactants of photosynthesis, and environmental factors. The results of this study are as follows: (1) reduced diversity of concepts, (2) increased frequency and relativeness score of the scientific concepts, and (3) increased proximity of the scientific concepts by instruction. With these results, the mutual effects of the concepts within the conceptual ecology have become active by class to differentiate the relationships between the concepts, which accordingly displayed their changes in status.

• 환경생물
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

한반도의 낙엽성 참나무인 졸참나무(Quercus serrata)의 생태적 지위폭이 $CO_2$ 농도와 온도가 상승하였을 때 광, 수분 그리고 영양소 구배에서 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보고자 유리온실에서 대조구와 온난화처리구로 구분하여 재배한 후, 유식물의 20가지 형질을 측정하고 생태적 지위폭을 계산하였다. 그 결과, 생태적 지위폭은 광구배에서 대조구보다 온난화처리구가 넓어졌고, 수분과 영양소 구배에서는 대조구보다 온난화처리구가 좁아졌다. 이것은 지구온난화 진행 시 졸참나무는 광 환경에 대한 내성이 증가되고, 수분과 영양소 환경에 대한 내성이 감소될 것으로 예측할 수 있다. 주성분분석(PCA) 결과, 각 환경 구배에서 요인 1과 요인 2에 의해 대조구와 온난화처리구가 구분되었다. 생태학적 반응은 다양한 형질이 종합적으로 관여하며, 그 중에서 식물의 생산량을 나타내는 형질이 많은 부분 관여하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2023

The Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata, which are said to be relatively drought tolerant among the important genus Quercus that represent deciduous broad-leaved forests in Korea. These two species are widely distributed worldwide in Korea, Japan and China (northern, central, western and eastern subtropical regions). This study compared the ecological niche breadth and overlap according to growth response in 4 soil moisture gradients for the two species and tried to reveal degree of competition and ecological niche characteristics. The ecological niche breadth was 0.977±0.020 for Q. variabilis and 0.979±0.014 for Q. dentata, the latter being slightly wider. And they were similar in 5 traits (stem length, leaf lamina length, leaf width length, stem weight, leaf petiole weight), Q. variabilis was more dominant in 4 traits (leaves number, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf petiole length), and Q. dentata was more dominant in 7 traits (root length, shoot length, plant weight, root weight, shoot weight, leaf weight, leaf petiole weight). The ecological niche overlap for soil moisture between the two species overlapped most in plant structure-related traits and least in photosynthetic organ-related traits such as petiole length. As a result of principal component analysis, degree of competition between the two species for soil moisture was more severe when the soil moisture condition was low than high. Among the measured traits that affect the two-dimensional distribution, 8 traits (Leaves number, Shoot length, Stem length, Plant weight, Root weight, Shoot weight, Stem weight, Leaves weight) were correlated with the factor 1, and 2 traits (Leaf width length, Leaf petiole weight) were correlated with the factor 2 (r>0.5). These results show that the ecological response of the two species to soil moisture is not a few traits involved, but several traits are involved simultaneously.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.211-229
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• 1997

An environmental problem is the greatest barrier to pursuit of mankinds existence and development. The major traits of this problem are totality and complexity, therefore the finding of environmental problem's solutions is very difficult. The eco-friendly development that pursuing the ecological principles is the direction of environmental problem's solutions. Environmentally sound and sustainable development, deep ecological thought or environmentalism, the following of god's creation order and the old oriental thought are patterns and principles of eco-friendly development. Every creature has one ecological niche from the ecological principles of adoption, competition, evolution, variety, circulation, harmony and equilibrium. Ecological niche means that every creature has ecological status and duty. Therefore finding the mankinds ecological niche is important because it is desirable directions for eco-friendly development to solve environmental problems.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.158-169
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• 2012

Sabah has experienced a rapid decline in the extent of forest cover. The precise impact of habitat loss on the conservation status of the plants of Sabah is uncertain. In this study we use the niche modelling algorithm MAXENT to construct preliminary, revised and final ecological niche models for Dipterocarpus lamellatus and Dipterocarpus ochraceus and combined these models with data on current land-use to derive conservation assessments for each species. Preliminary models were based on herbarium data alone. Ground surveys were conducted to evaluate the performance of these preliminary models, and a revised niche model was generated from the combined herbarium and ground survey data. The final model was obtained by constraining the predictions of the revised models by filters. The range overlap between the preliminary and revised models was 0.47 for D. lamellatus and 0.39 for D. ochraceus, suggesting poor agreement between them. There was substantial variation in estimates of habitat loss for D. ochraceus, among the preliminary, revised and constrained models, and this has the potential to lead to incorrect threat assessments. From these estimates of habitat loss, the historic distribution and estimates of population size we determine that both species should be classified as Critically Endangered under IUCN Red List guidelines. Our results suggest that ground-truthing of ecological niche models is essential, especially if the models are being used for conservation decision making.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.162-177
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• 2020

Background: Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on five theoretical bodies: (1) coexistence by niche differentiation, (2) coexistence without niche differentiation, (3) coexistence along environmental stress gradients, (4) coexistence under non-equilibrium versus equilibrium conditions, and (5) modern perspectives. Results: From the review, we identified that there are few models that can be generally and confidently applicable to different ecological systems. This problem arises mainly because most theories have not been substantiated by enough empirical research based on field data to test various coexistence hypotheses at different spatial scales. We also found that little is still known about the mechanisms of species coexistence under harsh environmental conditions. This is because most previous models treat disturbance as a key factor shaping community structure, but they do not explicitly deal with stressful systems with non-lethal conditions. We evaluated the mainstream ideas of niche differentiation and stochasticity for the coexistence of plant species across salt marsh creeks in southwestern Denmark. The results showed that diversity indices, such as Shannon-Wiener diversity, richness, and evenness, decreased with increasing surface elevation and increased with increasing niche overlap and niche breadth. The two niche parameters linearly decreased with increasing elevation. These findings imply a substantial influence of an equalizing mechanism that reduces differences in relative fitness among species in the highly stressful environments of the marsh. We propose that species evenness increases under very harsh conditions if the associated stress is not lethal. Finally, we present a conceptual model of patterns related to the level of environmental stress and niche characteristics along a microhabitat gradient (i.e., surface elevation). Conclusions: The ecology of stressful systems with non-lethal conditions will be increasingly important as ongoing global-scale climate change extends the period of chronic stresses that are not necessarily fatal to inhabiting plants. We recommend that more ecologists continue this line of research.