• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

This study was conducted to provide ecological basic data that use to establish environmental conditions for cultivation of wild vegetables in 2016-2018. Therefore, we investigated the vegetation structure and the correlation between the community structure and the environmental factors for natural habitats of wild vegetables(Aster glehni, Allium ochotense, and Aruncus sylvester) distributed in Ulleungdo. As a result of population and gradient analysis, the vegetation was classified into Aster glehni community, Allium ochotense community, and Aruncus sylvester community. We confirmed that the classification by population analysis was consistent with that by TWINSPAN method, suggesting that they were complemented each other. The importance value of Aster glehni was the highest in all communities, followed by Aruncus sylvester, Allium ochotense, Hydrangea petiolaris, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Asperula ldorata, Phryma leptostachya var. asiatica, Disporum viridrescens, Hedera rhombea, Anthriscus sylvestris, and Hepatica maxima. According to the results of DCCA ordination analysis, among those communities, the Aster glehni community was distributed in soil where the nutrition including T-N and O.M. were intermediate. The Allium ochotense community was distributed on the a little high northern slope at the highest altitude where the CEC and O.M. were the highest, and other nutrition and pH were low. The Aruncus sylvester was distributed on high slope and altitude on which the amount of exchangeable cation such as $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and pH were high, and the CEC, $P_2O_5$, and O.M. were the lowest.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of eco-friendly restoration in forested bog on the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The benthic macroinvertebrates collected from the surveyed sites were composed of 1,071 individuals, 60 species, 40 families, 13 orders, 6 classes and 5 phyla. At the control and Site 3(small dam), the number of species and individuals were larger than that of other sites, and EPT group ratio was same as well. Considered by index, the dominance index (DI) was found the highest at the biotope area. The diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were the highest at the control and Site 3. In addition, the ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate (ESB) showed the highest at site 3, while the lowest at biotope area. The stability and recovery of benthic macrointebrates showed different according to restoration types at forested bog. After restoration project, the benthic macroinvertebrates were observed to get recovery at Site 3, and to have the highest communities stability at control and Site 3. At biotope areas (Site 4, Site 5 and Site 6) communities stability were the lowest, but showed different community stability values according to the presence of water. It is confirmed that the eco-friendly restoration projects indeed provided the better environment for the inhabitation of benthic macroinvertebrate community. The change of community index depending on the restoration projects suggests that the eco-friendly restoration can provide a more suitable environment for benthic macroinvertebrate ecosystem that prefers the stream environment.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2009

금강수계중 용담댐하류 앞섬 지점에서 생태유량을 산정하기 위한 생태 모니터링을 실시하여 어류종별 서식환경 특성조사를 포괄적으로 실시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 어류상, 상대풍부도 및 생물다양도 분석 등을 포함한 하천의 건강성 평가를 실시하고, 쉬리, 피라미 및 감돌고기 등에 대하여 작성한 서식처적합도 지수(HSI)와 물리적 서식처 모의시스템(PHABSIM)을 이용한 최적 생태유량을 산정하였다. 본 지점에서 채집된 종수는 20종이였으며, 우점종은 쉬리(22.4%), 아우점종은 피라미(22.0%)였다. 생태적 건강성은 50점 만점의 평가점수에서 $34{\sim}42$점으로 양호에서 좋은 상태로 나타났다. 3종의 대표어종에 대한 수심, 유속 및 하상재료에 대한 서식지적합도 지수를 물리적서식처 모의시스템에 적용한 결과 계절별로 유량의 차이를 보였으며, 3종에 대한 최적 생태유량은 9.0 cms로 추정하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.74-81
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• 2016

Classified into sub-tree of the growth-form, Acer pseudosieboldianum and Carpinus cordata hardly reach the uppermost canopy with limited height growth potentiality in the natural deciduous forest. However, the two species usually dominate lower stories of the forest, playing an important role in overall ecological characteristics in the forest. Based on the vegetation data of 106 $20m{\times}20m$ sample plots in Mt. Jumbong area, this study was carried out to evaluate ecological constitution by several quantitative analysis so as to understand the mechanism of the natural deciduous forest. The results indicated that individuals of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata were absent or few in overstory, but emerged the most dominant species in midstory and understory, providing adequate proof of the ecological importance. The comparison of indices of succession between presented and predicted values in midstory did not make much difference, suggesting that the species composition would not change much and come close to steady state in midstory and understory. The pair combination of species association noted that A. pseudosieboldianum had significant positive association with C. cordata, Quercus mongolica, and Tilia amurensis had significant positive association with A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and Fraxinus mandshurica but negative association with F. rhynchophylla. Being compared with other major canopy tree species in the study forest, the target species of A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata had strong regeneration strategies, partially characterized by large number of saplings and pole sized trees and high ratio of live crown, which indicated high shade tolerance to survive in the limited amount of light under the canopy. Even though A. pseudosieboldianum and C. cordata do not reach and occupy the canopy layer mainly due to the inherent growth form, they would have highest competitive potentiality to prosper and dominate in the midstory of the natural deciduous forest.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2013

Phylogeographic and feeding ecological studies of seven terrestrial mustelid species (Carnivora, Mustelidae), the Japanese marten Martes melampus, the sable Martes zibellina, the Japanese badger Meles anakuma, the ermine or the stoat Mustela erminea, the Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi, the least weasel Mustela nivalis, and the Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica, representing four biogeographic patterns in the Japanese archipelagos (Hokkaido, Honshu-Shikoku-Kyushu, Tsushima, and Hokkaido-Honshu), were reviewed in order to clarify causes for the faunal assemblage processes of those mustelid species in Japan. Here, three main constraints were extracted as important factors on the mustelid assemblage. First, fundamental evolutionary differences maintained by niche conservatism in each ecologically diversified lineage ("evolutionary constraint") would enable the species to co-occur without any major problem (coexistence among Martes, Meles, and Mustela species). Second, "ecological constraints" would force two closely related species to be allopatric by competitive exclusion (Mu. itatsi and Mu. sibirica) or to be sympatric by resource partitions (Mu. erminea and Mu. nivalis). Third and most importantly, "geological constraints" would allow specific species to be embraced by a particular geographic region, primarily deciding which species co-occurs. The allopatric distribution of two Martes species in Japan would have been established by the strong effect of the geological separation in Tsugaru Strait. Elucidating both phylogeny and ecology of co-existing species in a community assemblage is important to know which species possess distinct lineage and which ecological traits are adapted to local environments, fulfilling the requirement of the field of conservation biology that endemism and adaptation should both be considered. The Japanese archipelagos would, therefore, provide valuable insight into the conservation for small carnivoran species.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2006

The Korea Water Resources Corporation(KOWACO) proposed bidding for an alternative design for Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam in March of 2004. The site is located in Hakseong-ri, Goro-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do and has adrainage area of $87.52km^2$. The purpose of this project is to establish an environmentally friendly plan for minimizing the damage that was caused by the construction of the Hwabuk Multi-purpose Dam. The design principle of KOWACO was the restoration of the natural environment, a harmonious landscape, and the creation of a space of regional and local culture. The basic concept of this project involves an ecological-restoration axis and a functional-connection axis. The site is divided into four spaces: (1) the space of memory and symbol, (2) the space of nature and ecology, (3) the space of regional and local culture, and (4) the space of the regional economy. There are four sub-spaces in the space of memory and symbol: the track forest, the time forest, the memory room, and the sun plaza. There are three sub-spaces in the space of nature and ecology: the habitat of aquatic birds, the wind forest, and the eco-corridor. There are five themed parks in the space of regional and local culture: the culture and relic room, the wildflower garden, the ecological pond, the insect observation park, and the pyogo maze. There are three areas in the space of the regional economy: the forest pension, the waterside pension, and the community center, as Dungdungi village was reorganized to serve as a lodging complex. These themed parks, working together, can offer an effective space for nature, culture, rest, and experience.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.383-408
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• 2010

This paper intends to suggest the positive, ecological vision of sustainability in Karen Hesse's Out of the Dust that Billie Jo Kelby recovers herself through her readjustment of interior consciousness and outer environment in her tragic situations caused by the Dust Bowl. In spite of her desires for happiness and affluence of home, she loses her mother and brother, and her musical talent as a pianist, and lies in self-abandonment. But she finally raises up herself with her courage and patience, reconciliating with the nature and ameliorating the community by taking care of the devastated landscapes. Hence it is appropriate to approach the loss-recovery process of nature and consciousness with ecological solutions, The Dust Bowl breaks down human mind and body, and eventually leads to the situations of despairs and death. Hesse proposes the primary solution that humans should reconstruct their interior consciousness and participate in recovering the nature because humans are inevitably linked with nature. In this novel, the nature takes a dynamic and active role as a catalyst, reconciling the self with other humans and settling with the conflicting situations in history and culture. This verse novel as an active, self-ordering, and corrective process gives the more intense ecological message. As Hesse defines the setting of Dirty Thirties as a channel of energy, she creates the utmost effects of ecological process that human and environment are part of a total situation, representing the transactional formulation, each conditioned by conditioning to the other. Therefore Billie Jo takes her part as an interpreter and actualizes herself, understanding the nature with metaphor and symbol. Eventually Billie Jo realizes that she should rebuild her environment not out of the dust but in the dust, accepting the reality of Dust Bowl.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.407-421
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• 2000

1994년 9월부터 1997년 8월까지 대구 인접지역의 삼림식생에 대한 식물사회학적 조사가 이루어졌다. 그 결과 조사지역에서 삼림식생은 신갈나무군락(전형하위군락, 대사초하위군락), 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락, 떡갈나무군락, 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락(전형하위군락, 졸참나무하위군락, 층층나무하위군락), 소나무군락(전형하위군락, 오이풀하위군락, 철쭉꽃하위군락), 털진달래-그늘사초군락, 아까시나무식재림, 리기다소나무식재림, 일본잎갈나무식재림, 곰솔식재림, 잣나무식재림의 7군락, 8하위군락, 5식재림으로 구분되었다. 신갈나무군락의 식별종은 신갈나무, 뱀고사리, 철쭉꽃, 쇠물푸레, 노린재나무, 노루오줌, 병꽃나무, 꽃며느리밥풀, 고로쇠나무-까치박달군락에서는 고로쇠나무, 까치박달, 서어나무, 고추나무, 소나무군락에서는 소나무, 졸참나무, 댕댕이덩굴, 노간주나무로 각각 나타났다. 특히 졸참나무는 소나무군락의 관목층과 초본층에서 높은 상재도를 보였다. DCA에 의한 요인분석에서는 표조작에 의한 군락분류와 유사한 군락의 분포패턴을 보였으며, 습도구배에 따라 각 군락의 특성이 결정되는 것으로 나타났다. 소나무군락의 철쭉꽃하위군락과 신갈나무군락의 전형하위군락은 유사한 입지환경에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2017

배후습지는 범람에 의해 고운 입자가 퇴적된 범람원으로 일반적으로 추이대의 성격을 지니며, 다양한 생태계로 구성된다. 본 연구는 영산강 배후습지인 우습제의 식생다양성과 자연성평가를 통한 습지의 생태학적 정보를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 우습제의 식생은 서식처의 종조성에 따라 4개 상관형의 14개 단위식생으로 분류되었다. 부유식생에는 개구리밥군락 (Spirodela polyrhiza community)이 출현하였고 부엽식생에는 마름군락 (Trapa bispinosa var. inumai community), 연꽃-마름군락 (Trapa bispinosa var. inumai-Nelumbo nucifera community)이 확인되었다. 정수식생의 진연안대에는 물참새피군락 (Paspalum distichum community), 고마리군락 (Persicaria thunbergii community), 갈풀군집 (Phalaridetum arundinaceae)이 확인되었고 추수대에는 줄-매자기군집 (Scirpo fluviarilis-Zizanietum latifoliae), 애기부들군락 (Typha angustata community)이 확인되었다. 조간대에는 큰고랭이군집 (Scirpetum tabernaemontani), 갈대군집 (Phragmitetum australis)이 확인되었고 중수위권의 습지추이대지역에서는 버드나무-이삭사초군락 (Carex dimorpholepis-Salix subfragilis community)이 확인되었다. 우습제 식생분포결과에 따르면, 식생분포 양상에 영향을 미치는 환경인자로서 습지 내 수위변화가 주요 요인으로 고려된다. 우습제의 단위식생 평가결과는 식생자연도에 따라 대부분 III 등급으로 확인되었다. 그러나 넓은 면적에서 다양한 고유식생 분포가 확인되었고 인접한 습지가 존재하지 않는 지리적 특성을 고려할 때, 지역생태계에 기여하는 생태학적 가치는 높이 평가되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

1998년 3월부터 2003년 9월까지 남해도 및 인접도서를 포함하는 남해군의 삼림식생에 대해 Z.-M.방법에 의한 식물사회학적 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 본 조사지역의 삼림식생은 신갈 나무군락(전형하위군락, 철쭉꽃하위군락), 졸참나무군락(전형하위군락, 당단풍하위군락), 굴참나무군락(전형하위군락, 굴피나무하위군락), 상수리나무군락, 서어나무군락, 소사나무군락, 때죽나무군락, 느티나무군락, 히어리군락, 소나무군락(전형하위군락, 진달래하위군락, 서어나무하위군락), 곰솔군락(전형하위군락, 사스레피나무하위군락), 산철쭉군락, 편백식재림, 사방오리식재림, 리기다소나무식재림, 아까시나무식재림, 삼나무식재림 등 총 12군락, 11하위군락, 5식재림으로 구분되었다. 본 조사지역 삼림의 토양분석결과 삼림토양의 pH는$4.2\sim5.4$의 범위를 나타내었으며, 함수량은 유기물함량과 유의성이 높은 가운데 산철쭉군락이 가장 높고, 소나무군락이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 유기물함량은 신갈나무군락, 소사나무군락, 졸참나무군락에서 비교적 높게$(15.8\sim19.1%)$ 나타났고, 상수리나무군락, 히어리군락, 곰솔군락에서는 낮게$(3.3\sim5.4%)$ 나타났다. 식재림은 대부분 낮았으며. 리기다소나무식재림(2.8%)과 삼나무식재림(5.6%)이 가장 낮았다. 치환성 양이온($K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$)사이에는 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.