• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2015

In order to get as ecological basic data for river restoration, vegetation investigation was conducted in natural river and analysed it synecological methods, such as ordination cluster. 29 plant communities units were identified and the major dominant plant communites were Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Populus davidiana community, Q. variabilis community and Prunus sargentii community. River vegetations were classified into ravine and gorge forest type and riverine softwood forest type. Ravine and gorge forest was dominanted by hardwood which located in steep slope and in high elevation, and riverine softwood forest by softwood, salix spp. Naturality was an important criterion for the selection of rivers, so many of the selected rivers are located in the upper stream and mid stream rather than the lower stream, where more human intervention is involved. Plant communities were consisted of hardwood forest(44 plots, 92%) and softwood forest(4 plot, 8%), respectively. PCA with total layer data showed 5 groups of communities: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, Pinus densiflora community group, Prunus sargentii community - Pinus densiflora community group and the rest communities group. PCA with tree layer showed 3 groups: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, and the rest community group. Cluster analysis also a showed a similar communities group to PCA ordination, but Magnolia sieboldii community and Prunus sargentii community were distinguished from the PCA result. From the result, it can be concluded that the plant communities of riparian be divided into hardwood and softwood forest by statistical techniques. It was appropriate to plant species such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Populus davidiana, Quercus variabilis and Prunus sargentii, at levee zone and high water level. And Sliax spp. were appropriate for planted plants at waterfront and low water level. The herb species to be planted on the floodplain were recommanded in the species composition co-occurred with the woody species.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Ecological restoration aims to reverse the degradation of ecosystems that occurred as humans have affected landscapes. This study was conducted in part of a larger project to develop participatory ecological restoration procedures for disturbed areas in Baigdoodaegahn which is a major mountain range in the Korean Peninsula. The case of alpine farmland at Kangwon-do was selected to apply the theoretical framework of participatory restoration since the nutrient contents in alpine solid under vegetable cultivation degrade water quality in the watershed while farmers in the region are economically struggling due to imports of vegetables from China. The reciprocal model of restoration was applied to cope with interactions between human and ecosystem needs in ecological restoration. A series of environmental education and eco-tourism programs were developed and incorporated into the participatory restoration project to rebuild social-cultural aspects of the community as well as to restore the biophysically disturbed area while meeting both ecological needs and human needs. This study suggests that participatory projects will be more successful when experts support the local residents and citizens in restoration process, when leadership are developed through social learning, and when ecological, financial and social factors of restoration are integratedly considered.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.119-130
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and to present management plan of mountain type green space in Kangwhado, Inchon. The actual vegetation in survey sites(11,331ha) was divided into 19 community types. It was consisted of secondary forest(92.32%) which was Quercus acutissima, Pinus densiflora-Q. acutissima, and Q. mongolica community so on. Artificial planting forest area, such as Robinia pseudoacacia and Pinus rigida forest and others, was 5.40%(612ha) and it was less than cases in other cities in the Metropolitan area. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 57 survey plots were divided into seven community types; P rigida(community A), Q. acutissima(community B) P. densiflora-Q. acutissima(community C), Q. acutissima-P. densiflora (community D), P. densiflora-Carpinus laxiflora-Q. serrata-Q. acutissima(community E), Q. serrata-Q. mongolica(community F), and Zelkova serrata-Acer mono(community G). From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation in this area seems to be change from P. densiflora forest through Q. acutissima forest to Q. mongolica, Q. serrata, and C. laxiflora forest. It was similar to the ordinary successional trend of temperate deciduous forest in middle area, Korea. In addition, this study area was showed acid soil(pH 4.17). Therefore, there is a need for managing the soil environment for effective vegetation management.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.231-245
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• 2008

Various methods for detecting changes in response behaviors of indicator specimens are presented for monitoring effects of toxic treatments. The movement patterns of individuals are quantitatively characterized by statistical (i.e., ANOVA, multivariate analysis) and computational (i.e., fractal dimension, Fourier transform) methods. Extraction of information in complex behavioral data is further illustrated by techniques in ecological informatics. Multi-Layer Perceptron and Self-Organizing Map are applied for detection and patterning of response behaviors of indicator specimens. The recent techniques of Wavelet analysis and line detection by Recurrent Self-Organizing Map are additionally discussed as an efficient tool for checking time-series movement data. Behavioral monitoring could be established as new methodology in integrative ecological assessment, tilling the gap between large-scale (e.g., community structure) and small-scale (e.g., molecular response) measurements.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study aimed at exploring the cultural ways to develope the under-space of overpass in the downtown area which has been considered as a dead, unhealthy place. The study process consists of 4 methodological stages. literature review, case study on environmental design of under-space of overpass, questionnaire and statistical analysis and specific study on regional context were conducted to understand the problems of the space and the needs of the community and visitors. The final suggestion based on the research are the natural rest settings including pocket parks with trees and fountain as well as cultural settings with small sized outdoor gallery and open performance stage which can be managed by the community members. The findings of this study would help the dead space in the center of the city regenerate the community in terms of physical, cultural and social environments. Also, this study will show the importance and the methodological approach of the research for the development of the hidden potential space of the city.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.319-331
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• 1994

A phutosociological study on the Mongolian oak forest was carried out on Mt. Sorak by the Z-M method. The Mongolian oak forest was classified into one oder, two alliances, one assoication and three commuities; Rhododendro-Quercetalia mongolicae Kim 1990 Lindero-Quercion monogolicae Kim 1990 Vaccinium hirtum v. koreanum-Quercus monogolica community Lespedeza maximowiczii-Quercus monogolica community Pino koreiensis-Quercion mongolicae Kim 1992 Typical community Lichno-Quercetrum monofolicae Kim 1992 Total vascular plant species in invesitigatied sites consited of 193 taxa, and their life-form composition was $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.5 no.2_3
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• pp.132-135
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• 1982

Structure and dynamics of the phytoplankton communities of Uiam lake, Korea, was investigated. In the Uiam lake four dominant species were found Oscillatoria limosa at Chuncheon City side, O. tenuis at Soyang river side, Melosira italica at south-east side and Asterionella gracillima at west side of the lake. By cluster analysis, based on the similarity index and dissimilarity index, the phytoplanktons in this lake were grouped into three communities; i.e. Oscillatoria, Melosira and Asterionella community. And also the same groups obtained by the cluster analysis were recognized by polar ordination technique along polluted degree gradient. It is clear that oscillatoria community occur in polluted site, Asterionella community in unpolluted site and Melosira community in less polluted site.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.165-173
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• 1987

Odong Island, Yeosu, is the one of the Hallyosudo National Marine Park. The vegetation of this island was surveed from July, 1986 through April, 1987. By the Braun-Blanquet's method, the vegetation of Odong Island was classified into 7 communities and 4 afforestations; that is, Pseudosasa japonica community and Phyllostachys bambusoides afforestation (bamboo stands), Mallotus japonicus, Quercus acutissima community, Prunus serrulata var. spontanes and Celtis sinenesis afforestation (deciduous forests), Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergii community, Chamaecyparis pisifera afforestation (evergreen needle-leaved forests), and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Camellia japonica and Machilus thunbergii-Camellia japonica community (evergreen broad-leaved forests). Based on the classification, the actual vegetation map of the island was prepared in scale 1:2,600. Judging by the DBH class distribution and many other informations, ww can expect that the coniferous forests area of the island will be replaced by evergreen broad-lea ed forests after a few future.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.233-241
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• 1998

In order to test of intermediate disturbance hypothesis that an intermediate level of disturbance maximize biodiversity and to elucidate the effect of disturbance during the early old-field succession, the response of plant community along an experimental disturbance gradient was investigated in a five-year old-field. Response of plant community along an experimental disturbance gradient was connected with light condition because artificial disturbance gradient had been treat by clipping of plants and removing of litter. Artificial disturbance in five-year old-field plant community retarded rate of succession by increasing invasion and performance of the earlier successional species in the initial and middle stage of disturbance treatment. The species richness in the blocks of intermediate disturbance level showed the peak in early and mid-summer. This result did correspond with the prediction of intermediate disturbance hypothesis.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

This study was carried out to analyze Pinus densiflora forest in islets of southwestern coast of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods. As a result of the investigation of 26 quadrats, the pine forest was classified two communities and six subcommunities : Ardisia japonica - Pinus densiflora community and lsodon japonicus - Pinus densiflora community, and Farfugium japonicum subcommunity, Quercus serrata subcommunity, Typical subcommunity of Ardisia japonica - P. densiflora community, Juniperus rigida subcommunity, Pourthiaea villosa subcommunity and Typical subcommunity of lsodon japonicus - P. densiflora community. The subsidiary knowledges from this study provide practical information to clarify the syntaxonomy of natural pine forest of the Korean peninsula by the phytosociological methods.