• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2015

안산시에 위치한 2개 초등학교에 재학 중인 5, 6학년 288명을 대상으로 스마트폰 중독과 식행동(식습관, 생활습관, 영양지식)과의 상관성에 대해 조사한 후 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 스마트폰 중독군과 일반군은 29명(10.1%)과 259명(89.9%)이었으며 스마트폰 평일 평균 사용시간은 일반군(평일 '1~2시간 미만', 33.2%)에 비해 중독군(평일 '2~3시간 미만', 37.9%)이 많았다(P<0.01). 주말 평균 사용시간 또한 중독군('4시간 이상', 37.9%)이 일반군('1~2시간 미만', 30.1%)에 비해 많았다(P<0.001). 식사 시 스마트폰을 사용하는 경우도 일반군(25.5%)에 비해 중독군(48.3%)이 많았으며(P<0.01), 스마트폰 사용에 따른 결식 또한 일반군(10.4%)에 비해 중독군(27.6%)의 비율이 높았다(P<0.01). 간식섭취 횟수는 두 그룹 모두 하루에 1~2회가 가장 많았으나 하루에 5회 이상의 섭취자가 일반군(2.7%)에 비해 중독군(13.8%)의 비율이 높았다(P<0.05). 스마트폰 중독 여부에 따른 식습관 점수 결과는 전체적으로 볼 때 좋은 식습관 점수는 중독군(2.23점)에 비해 일반군(2.42점)의 점수가 높게 나타난 반면(P<0.05), 나쁜 식습관 점수는 일반군(1.53점)에 비해 중독군(1.68점)이 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). '스마트폰 사용으로 인해 생활습관 중 수면방해를 받습니까?'의 질문에 '그렇다' 혹은 '매우 그렇다'고 응답한 비율은 일반군(6.1%)에 비해 중독군(31.0%)의 비율이 높았으며(P<0.001), 스마트폰 사용으로 인한 신체활동의 감소 여부 또한 '그렇다' 혹은 '매우 그렇다'고 응답한 비율은 일반군(5.4%)에 비해 중독군(17.2%)의 비율이 높았다(P<0.001). 스마트폰 중독 여부에 따른 영양지식 점수는 전체적으로 볼 때 중독군(8.86점)에 비해 일반군(10.19점)의 영양지식 점수가 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 그러나 3대 영양소에 관한 지식 중 '단백질은 근육과 피를 만든다'는 질문에 대한 점수가 중독군(0.31점)에 비해 일반군(0.52점)이 유의적으로 높은 점수 결과를 나타냈으며(P<0.05), 생활습관과 관련된 질문인 '하루에 필요한 영양소를 하루의 한 끼니에 먹어도 상관없다'는 질문에 대한 점수가 중독군(0.55점)에 비해 일반군(0.79점)이 높았다(P<0.05). 스마트폰 중독 여부에 따른 스마트폰 사용시간과 식습관, 생활습관 및 영양지식 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 중독군(+0.742)(P<0.001)과 일반군(+0.762)(P<0.001) 모두 평일 사용시간이 많을수록 주말 사용시간이 증가하였다. 또한 중독군은 평일 사용시간이 증가할수록 간식섭취 횟수가 증가하였다(+0.460)(P<0.05). 일반군은 평일 사용시간이 증가할수록 수면시간이 감소하였으며(-0.150)(P<0.05), 주말 사용시간이 많을수록 좋은 식습관 점수(-0.143)(P<0.05)와 수면시간(-0.131)(P<0.05)이 동시에 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과 안산 일부지역 초등학교에 재학 중인 초등학생들의 스마트폰 중독은 식습관, 생활습관 및 영양지식과의 높은 상관성을 나타냈다. 따라서 스마트폰 중독으로 인한 잘못된 식습관 및 생활습관의 해결을 위해서는 국가차원의 스마트폰 중독 예방 정책과 더불어 학생 및 학부모를 대상으로 한 적극적인 영양교육프로그램의 실시가 요구된다.

• 한국신경인지재활치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 현대인의 식습관 문제점 인지와 발생 질병극복을 위한 대안을 제시하기 위해 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 질병 발병률 감소가 식습관이 미치는 영향 대한 선행연구를 조사하는 방식으로 이루어졌다. 방법: 본 연구의 기간은 2016년 5월 1일부터 2018년 2월 28일까지 이루어졌다. 문헌 검색은 database로서 Pubmed와 국내 각각의 학회 사이트를 활용하였다. 잘못된 식습관의 인지를 바탕으로 식습관에 따른 질병의 종류를 분류하여 서술하였다. 본 논문은 분석된 데이터를 통해 객관적으로 해석하고 결론을 유추하였다. 총 100여 편 이상을 선정하여 그 중 60여 편의 논문과 데이터베이스를 가지고 총설을 작성하였다. 결과: 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들은 균형진 영양섭취, 충분한 운동, 적절한 수분 섭취, 햇빛 쬐기, 절제(알코올 등 절제), 신선한 공기, 적절한 휴식, 그리고 신뢰 등을 기초로 한 영양교육을 철저히 실천하고 있다. 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 대부분은 생활습관 중 특별히 균형 잡힌 영양섭취에 해당하는 식습관은 채소, 과일, 견과류를 충분히 섭취하는 채식위주의 식사를 포함한다. 로마린다에 거주하는 사란들은 다른 곳에 거주하는 사람들에 비해 관상동맥 심장병과 암 발병률이 낮은데, 그것의 직접적인 이유로는 건강한 채식위주의 식습관과 금연, 금주 등을 강조하는 절제생활 및 운동에 대한 인지를 통해 활동량의 증가 등을 꼽는다. 건강한 삶의 여러 요인 중 이 논문이 살펴본 중요한 부분은 식습관인데, 이는 올바른 식습관이 건강한 삶과 직결돼 있고, 좋지 못한 식습관이 많은 질병의 원인이 되기 때문이다. 많은 선행연구들이 대부분의 만성퇴행성질환은 나쁜 식습관과 스트레스에서 기인함을 이미 밝혀냈다. 결론: 지역공동체의 식습관을 연구의 대상으로 삼은 이유는 그들의 생활습관이 건강한 삶에 관심을 가진 현대인에게 주는 메시지가 있기 때문이다. 영양교육을 통해 건강하게 사는 사람들의 생활습관, 특별히 로마린다에 거주하는 사람들의 식습관을 살펴보는 것은 건강한 삶을 추구하고자 하는 현대인들에게 중요한 배움의 기회가 될 것이다. 또한 현대인이 자신의 식습관을 올바르게 인식하여 식행동의 변화를 유도한다면, 질병에 대한 발병률을 감소시키고, 건강한 삶을 영위할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.118-128
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to investigate the affecting factors according to gender in older adults by using the 2012 Korea Health Panel data. Methods: The Korea Health Panel data 2012 were collected from February to August 2012 by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Health Insurance Corporation and the number of respondents were 1,921. The data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN program. Results: The limitation of activity was the most influential factor for health-related quality of life of both male and female. For male, the affecting factors on HRQoL were hearing problems and frustration. For female, the affecting factors on HRQoL were eating problems, depression and suicidal impulses. Drinking, moderate physical activities, vision problems and stress had a significant effect on HRQoL for both male and female. Conclusion: Health care providers should consider the differences between male and female when they design a program in order to improve HRQoL of older people.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and investigate the relevant factors for middle aged women using the 2014 Korea Health Panel data. Methods: The Korea Health Panel data 2014 were collected from February to August 2014 by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and the National Health Insurance Corporation and included 2,075 people who responded to the questionnaire. Using SPSS WIN program, the data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Limited activity was the most influential factor for the health-related quality of life of middle-aged women. For health behavior, the factors affecting HRQoL were drinking, sleeping time, and physical activity. For physical health, factors affecting HRQoL were vision problems, eating problems, and hearing problems. For mental health, the factors affecting HRQoL were suicidal impulse, stress, and frustration. Conclusion: These results indicated that to improve HRQoL for middle-aged women, limited activity and suicidal impulses should be addressed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2021

Purpose: For college students, poor eating habits can cause problems with adult health. This study investigated the status of sweet food intake and the degree of stress in college students in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas to provide a basis for nutrition education by analyzing the relationship between stress and sugar intake. Methods: The subjects were 760 college students, and the survey was conducted using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis for collected data was performed using SPSS (version 21.0). Results: The stress score showed higher stress in female students. Females had more stress in their employment and study-related problems than males. For changes in food intake under stress, the intake was increased greatly in females than in males. For food preference changes before and after stress, males preferred more spicy foods and less salty foods after stress. After stress, females significantly preferred sweeter and spicier foods and less salty, sour, and bitter foods. The intake of sweet foods by stress factors showed that the intake of snacks was higher under the condition of 'worry, fatigue, and tension', and the intake of beverages was increased significantly under the condition of 'anger and aggression'. Conclusion: Sweet foods were preferred under stress, and the amount of intake was increased. Education on food selection and nutrition information should be provided to prevent health problems that can be developed by the reckless intake of sweet foods. Active guidance is needed for college students to select the proper snacks instead of nutritionally insufficient foods to relieve stress.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.335-348
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• 2007

This study aimed to investigate how the current elementary school teachers think about nutrition education, how they are teaching, and what kind of problems have occurred. And this study was made to provide basic materials to be used for the effective nutrition education in the elementary school. The survey was done on 60 elementary school teachers and 570 elementary school students of the 5th and 6th grade in Gyeonggi Province by questionnaire and analyzed for the perception of nutrition education, current status of nutrition education, nutrition knowledge and cooking knowledge. The average scores of nutrition knowledge were 2.72 for male and 3.75 for female students out of full score of 5. The fifth grade students learned more nutrition education than the sixth grade ones in accordance with the different curricula. Nutrition education was taught as apart of other subjects(87%) and mainly done by lectures. For most of the students, information source of the nutrition education was the meal service(47.4%) and the most common one was the Internet that 38.1 % of the teachers used. Most of the students responded that nutrition education was necessary in the curriculum of elementary school for proper growth(36.2%), intelligence(25.9%), health(21.5%), and dieting(16.4%). The perception for the suitable teacher was in the order of nutrition specialist and dietician. And the right time of the related class was in the order of spare time everyday, a special activity time, and the meal service time. The important contents of nutrition education were in the order of proper eating habits, growth & nutrition, food hygiene and diseases. Nutrition problems of the elementary students were in the order of unbalanced diet, too much ingestion of processed and instant foods, lack of table manners, and child fatness and weakness. 80.0% of the teachers supported the early nutrition education and demanded it should begin when children are in kindergarten. The analysis showed that nutrition education should be taught by parents(29.4%), teachers(29.2%), and nutritionists(25.9%) and that family and school should cooperate closely. Main responses of the teachers to the children's problems were that they had too much instant food, did not eat in a variety, and had no manners in eating. Ironically, they thought malnutrition, fainting and growth stunt were not important nutrition related problems.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to find out the common characteristics of eating behaviors of the long-lived elderly in order to offer the basic data for establishing dietary guidelines for a long and healthy life for the general population. The subjects were three-hundred elderly people over age 85 living in Kyungpook Sung-ju who have no problems in daily living. The general characteristics, nutrition knowledge and attitudes, meal patterns, and food preferences of the subjects were surveyed by individual intervies. The levels of the nutrition knowledge of the subjects were very low(average score ; 4.3) and the correlation coefficient between their nutrition knowledge and attitude score was also low(r=0.323, p=0.000). Most of the subjects(93%) had a regular meal pattern consuming three meals a day. The major staple food was rice mixed with other grains(75%) and the number of side dishes was mostly under four(99%). A majority(73%) had no habit of overeating and 51% of the subjects were taking snacks besides regular meals. Thirty one percent of the subjects had drinking habits and 80% of the drinking subjects had over 40 years of drinking history. The most common frequencies for intakes of various food groups were ; more than once a day(95%) for vegetables ; 2∼3 times a week(74%) for green and orange color vegetables ; 2∼3 times a week(72%) for fruits ; once a day(70%) for fish, eggs and legumes ; 2∼3 times a week(49%) for milk ; 2∼3 times a week(72%) for fruits ; once a day(70%) for fish, eggs and legumes ; 2-3 times a week(49%) for milk ; 2-3 times a week(85%) for seaweeds and 2-3 times a week(81%) for foods cooked with oil. The most preferred foods by the subjects were white rice(staple foods), soybean paste soup(soups), beef and eggs(meats and eggs), yellow croaker and hair tail(fish and shellfish), yoghurt(milk and milk products), all vegetables except carrot(vegetables), and watermelon(fruits). The popular food preparation methods included mixing with seasonings and the most preferred taste was sweet. The results showed that the eating pattern of long-lived elderly was characterized by regularity, simplicity, and no overeating.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

Balanced intake of appropriate nutrients is the key to sustaining and promoting health as well as preventing and treating diseases. It is not always easy, however, to take balanced nutrition and various related factors must be taken into consideration. This report provides a summary of studies that have examined the nutrient intakes of Japanese middle-aged men and the relationship of this intake to drinking, job-related separation from families, and health practices. The alcohol consumption of Japanese middle-aged men has more than tripled in the last forty years. When nutrient intake was examined in relation to alcohol consumption, it was discovered that the maximum acceptable alcohol consumption was approximately 23 grams (about two drinks) of pure alcohol, provided the level of nutrient intake for drinkers was equal to that of non-drinkers. The alcohol energy ratio was approximately 5％. It was also discovered that middle-aged men's eating habits deteriorate when they relocate to new posts without their families and live by themselves. Compared to those living with their families, a higher proportion of those living alone have unfavorable eating habits including skipping breakfast or lunch, having a late lunch, and eating and drinking after dinner until bedtime. When Breslow's seven health practices, nutrient intake, and consumption weight by food group were examined, it was discovered that the group that had many beneficial eating and living habits consumed plenty of legume, pulses, fruit, green yellow vegetables and milk products. Their intake of vitamins and minerals was high and the results of a physical examination proved to be excellent. According to nutrition surveys conducted in Japan, China, the United Kingdom and the United States using a 24-hour recall method with common protocols and strict controls to ensure high levels of accuracy and cross-study validity, the Japanese had the highest cholesterol intake and the lowest dietary fiber intake among the four countries. Also, the alcohol energy ratio of the Japanese exceeded 8％, the highest among the four countries, while their intake of magnesium and iron was the lowest These results indicate that it is necessary to enhance nutritional education for middle-aged men and to reinforce the social environments in which they live and work in order to promote proper diet and nutrition in Japan. (J Community Nutrition 5(2) : 105-111, 2003)

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

저자들이 번안한 한국판 청소년용 식이태도 검사(Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescents, EAT-26KA)의 신뢰도 조사와 요인분석을 통한 개개의 문항에 대한 평가를 하고자 하였다. 경기도 소재의 1개 중 고등학교 학생 1,160명을 대상으로 하여 방문 조사 2주전 양호교사와 담임교사를 통해 설문지를 배포하고 1996년 6월 저자들이 직접 현장 방문을 하여 신체계측과 누락된 문항을 보강하는 검사를 하고 1개월후 이중 114명을 무작위 선정하여 동일한 방법으로 재검사를 시행하였다. 평가도구인 EAT-26KA는 영문판 EAT-26의 전 문항을 사용하였고 저자들이 대상연령의 지적 능력에 맞는 어휘를 사용하여 번역하였다. 내적 일관성 혹은 내적 합치도는 우수한 것으로 나타났다(Cronbach’s ${\alpha} =.83) 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 서구의 조사결과에 비해선 약간 낮게 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었고(r=.63 p<.01) 문항간 검사-재검사 신뢰도에선 두 개의 문항이 부적 상관(negative correlation)을 보였고 다섯 문항에서 문항간 상관이 낮게 나타났다(p>.05). 세 가지 요인으로 분류하여 요인분석을 시행한 결과 세 요인은 전체요인의 34.0%를 설명하였고 한 문항은 어느 요인으로도 분류되지 않았다. 각 요인으로 분류되는 문항구성도 영문판에 비해서 많은 차이를 보였다. 저자들이 번안한 EAT-26KA는 일반 청소년 인구(non-refered population)을 통한 신뢰도 검사 결과 우수한 내적 신뢰도를 갖추고 있고 통계적 유의성을 보이는 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 보여 조사도구로서 유용한 것으로 판단된다. 요인분석의 결과 어느 요인에도 속하지 않는 문항이 있었고 이 문항의 수정 또는 누락이 필요한 것으로 생각되며, 영문판 EAT-26과 비교해볼 때, EAT-26KA의 요인구조는 상이하게 나타나 실제검사를 통해 얻어진 결과의 해석은 서구의 경우와 차이가 있을 것이 예상되었고 구조화된 면담을 통해 타당도의 확립이 필요한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate the eating status and to analyze expenditures of the traditional fermented foods. A structured questionnaire survey was conducted from 370 housewives in Jeonbuk province and there were 300 usable samples(81.1%) valid for analysis. For the statistical analysis, the data was analyzed by $x^2$-test using SPSSIPC 12.0 for windows. The results of this study were as follows : 1. In the investigation on the eating status of the traditional fermented foods, Kimchi showed highest intake frequency(over once a day) and next Doenjang, Gochujang, Ganjang were consumed $2\;{\sim}\;3$ times per week. Jeotgal and Jangajji consumption showed the significant difference frequencies between the age groups(p < 0.001). The frequencies of using the home-made fermented foods were either similar or decreased, while the manufactured products were either similar or increased. The reasons behind the decreasing consumption were 'because of appetite change(47.0%)', 'the effect of western food(25.2%)' and 'dislike of salty food(17.4%)'. 90.7%(Kimchi), 54.9%(Doenjang), 54.8%(Gochujang), 53.2%(Cheongkukjang) of respondents knew the methods of preparation, while 62.5%(Ganjang), 41.1%(Jeotgal,) 31.2%(Jangajji) of respondents didn't know the methods of preparation. 2. In the analysis of the expenditure for the purchasing of the traditional fermented foods, most of the respondents procured Kimchi, Doenjang, Gochujang from their families or relatives, but they bought Ganjang, Jeotgal, Jangajji in the markets. And most of the respondents bought the fermented foods in the general merchandise stores or the department store except Kimchi. The places of buying Kimchi were specialty stores(34.6%), general merchandise stores or department stores(25.0%). Overall scores of satisfaction for the quality of manufactured fermented foods showed 3.29 of 5 - point scales. The average cost per month of Kimchi was 19,550won and Gochujang 7,878won, Doenjang 5,764won, Jeotgal 5,439won, Jangajji 5,412won, Ganjang(for soup) 4,714won, Cheongkukjang 4,677won, Ganjang(for seasoning) 4,464won, and total cost was 20,920won. The reasons behind purchasing the traditional fermented foods were 'because of convenience(58.4%)', 'no time to make by oneself(23.0%)' and 'for not knowing the making methods(12.8%)'. The problems of the manufactured traditional fermented foods were 'worry about safety of the raw materials or additives(71.2%)', 'lack of sanitation(12.0%)'. The most important thing considered in purchasing was 'materials and origins(86.6%)' and next 'quality(64.1%)' was another important thing.