• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.545-561
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• 2018

Over the North East Asia, extreme anomalous precipitation were observed in 2013 and 2014. During 2013 summer the precipitation was found to be higher (two standard deviation) than the climatological mean of the region; whereas during 2014, which was a borderline El Ni?o year, precipitation was found to be lower (one standard deviation). To understand the differences of these two anomalous years the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) has been used. The study found that low landsurface temperature and high sea-surface temperature over ocean caused a smaller land-sea contrast of surface temperature between East Asia and North West Pacific Ocean in 2014, which could have caused an eastward shift of mean monsoon circulation in that year compared to the circulation in 2013. Due to a change in the lower level circulation and wind field over East Asia the evaporation and moisture transport patterns became very different in those two years. In 2013, this study found high latent heat flux over Eastern China, which implies an increased surface evaporation over that region, and the moisture transported to the north by the mean monsoon circulation; whereas, there was no correlated transport of moisture to the North East Asia during 2014. The precipitable water over North East Asia has a stronger correlation with the latent heat flux over southern land region than that from Ocean region in the eastern side in both the years. A new approach is proposed to estimate the sub-grid scale hydrometeors from GRIMs, overestimated in the existing model.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.155-163
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• 1996

CREAMS (Circulation Research of the East Asian Marginal Seas) is an international research program, which began in 1993 in order to understand the water mass structure and circulation in the East Sea. Since the beginning of CREAMS, there have been four cruises in the summer and two in the winter, covering most parts of the East Sea for the first time in more than 60 years since the historical survey reported by Uda (1934). CREAMS investigations have provided many new insights into the various aspects of oceanographic problems in the East Sea such as water masses, deep sea currents and circulation, eddies, particle fluxes and so on. In this paper, we briefly review understandings before CREAMS and summarize initial new findings from CREAMS expeditions in terms of water masses and currents.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1021-1032
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• 1997

Satellite-tracked drifters deployed in the East Sea since 1991 are used to study the Tsushima Current (TC). It is found that the TC is a steady current with a mean speed of 10 cm/s before it enters the East Sea. Only during the summer, the TC flows along Honshu Island with a mean speed of $30\~40\;cm/s$ and then exits through the Tsugaru Strait. In fall and winter, the TC does not follow the coast along Honshu Island but it enters into the interior of the East Sea before it reaches the Tsugaru Strait. The water that passes the West Channel of the Korea Strait mostly comes from the western East China Sea and spreads into the interior of the East Sea. It also forms the large eddies in the southern East Sea. The outflow through the Tsugaru Strait comes from the interior of the East Sea in all seasons except summer. The mean speed of the Tsugaru Strait outflow is about 60 cm/s. The largest current variability is found in the eastern central area of the East Sea, south of sub-polar front.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

The East Sea Branch (ESB) of KORDI will be launched in 2008. She will take a role of monitoring the sea surface topography and temperature by satellites, short- and long-term sea levels by tide gauges, coastal currents and open-sea circulation by setting up coastal radars and mooring current-meters and acoustic equipments, as well as monitoring nearshore processes, coastal erosion and water pollution. A basic program of coastal zone management will help ocean-policy makers to set up right decisions based upon scientific background of the regional data in the East Sea. Networking among the neighboring countries around the sea will supply more useful information not only for experts but also for ordinary vacationers or fishermen. In order for this program to be successfully settled down during the next decade, it is necessary for a leader to have the right vision to attract more experts from global brain pools and to manage the ESB as a leading-edge observatory in the world. Details about this leading-edge operational program are introduced in the text.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.212-218
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• 1998

Three different outflow boundary conditions are considered in modeling the East Sea circulation. The first one is that of the conventional constant volume transport (CT). The second one is the Orlanski radiation boundary condition (OR). The third one is that of the constant sea level just outside the outflow boundary (SL). In the third condition, the outflow current is set to be driven by the sea level differences across the outflow open-boundary lines, based on the recent knowledge that the Tsushima Current is driven by the sea level differences across the inflow and outflow boundaries. In case of OR it takes too much time to reach the steady state, resulting in a large increase of Tsushima Current Water in the basin and low level of kinetic energy. Both CT and SL reach the steady state in a relatively short time. However, SL is more recommendable, because it is based on physical background and generates less numerical noises than CT.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.292-304
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• 1993

세밀한 격자망과 정교한 개방경계 조건을 적용하고 실측 수온 염분치를 직접표층 에 적용하여 동해순환을 수치 모델화 하였다. 동해의 특징적인 현상들이 성공적으로 재현되었으며 특히 북한 한류와 동한난류가 더욱 뚜렷하여 졌다. 특기할 만한 사실로 는 울릉난수괴와 중층 저염분수가 재현되었다는 것이다. 전자는 동한난류의 바깥쪽에 서 국지적으로 생성된 시계방향의 재순환류와 연관되어 있고 후자는 동해 북, 북서 연 안역에서 침강으로 형성되어 강한 중층해류에 의해 연안을 따라 남족으로 이동된다. 모델에서는 또한 일본 연안류가 강한 계절변화를 보여서 겨울에는 순압, 여름에는 경 압구조를 나타냄을 보였으며 이 때 여름에 나타나는 강한 중층 반류가 흥미롭다. 모델 에서는 또한 동해 순환의 거시적 특징을 지워 주는데 북쪽의 반시계 방향 순환역과 남 쪽의 시계방향 순환역이 그것이다. 이들은 동해에서 국지적인 순환역학의 중요성을 시 사한다. 그러나 본 모델에서는 동한난류의 이안점이 실제보다 북쪽에 치우쳐서 나타나 는 것을 완전히 해결하지는 못하였다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.227-236
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• 1995

동해의 해수순환 역학을 규명하기 위하여 등밀도 좌표계에 근거한 다층모델을 적용하였다. 모델결과, 유입-유출과 바람에 의한 기존의 역할을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 해양-대기 열교환에 의한 영향은 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 열교환에 의해 유입 -유출과 효과가 강화되고 대류형의 순환이 생성되었다. 상기의 세가지 요인을 모두 고려했을시의 순환형태는 기존의 모식도와 흡사하였다. 이 순환에서는 중충수가 북쪽에서 표면 노출되었으며 이 곳에서 벤틸레이숀 효과로 인하여 반시계 방향의 중층순환을 형성하였다. 그러나 이 중충수는 표층부근의 강한 서향류로 인하여 연 안을 따라 직접 남하하지는 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 또 북쪽의 반시계 순환 중 계속하여 포텐샬 와도를 잃음으로써 와도 최소수를 만드는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대기
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.241-253
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• 2007

This paper investigates summer precipitation change in East Asia according to switching surface boundary condition over South Korea and Shantung. Simulations are carried out by ECHO-G/S for 20 years (1980-1999). Surface condition over both areas in ECHO-G/S is represented by ocean (OCN experiment). In OCN experiment, the summer precipitation is considerably underestimated around the Korean peninsula (the dry region) and overestimated over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (the wet region). It may be related that the lack of the heat sources from the unrealistically prescribed land-sea mask weakens northward expansion of rainband and the development of convective precipitation. Moreover the simulated rainband retreats before June in connection with the early genesis of summer monsoon circulation. The systematic bias of the summer precipitation over the dry and wet regions are reduced comparing with the OCN experiment when the land-sea masks over South Korea and Shantung are realistically considered as land (LND experiment). These improvements can be explained by the thermodynamical dissimilarity between land and ocean. Enhanced warming by switching the areas from sea to land has led to develop the thermal low over Yellow Sea with the cyclonic circulation. Thus, this cyclonic circulation supports moistures from the south to the dry region and blocks to the wet region. The heat transport from the land surface to atmosphere plays a key role in the developing convective precipitation in local scale and maintaining the precipitation and the rainband. Therefore, this results indicate that the design of the realistic land-sea distribution is required for the accurate simulation of the regional precipitation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1089-1101
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• 2009

In this paper, changes in the intensity (e.g., central pressure and maximum sustained wind speed) of Tropical Cyclone (TC) in summer in the regions located at $30^{\circ}N$ in East Asia from 1988 to 1991 were found. The intensity of TC from 1991 to 2007 was much higher than that of TC from 1965 to 1988. The reason for this was that the frequency of TCs passing China from 1991 to 2007 was much lower than that of TCs from 1965-1988 because a northeasterly wind caused by high-pressure circulation in East Asia got severer along the East Asian coast. Instead, TCs moved from the eastern region of the Tropical West Pacific to Korea and Japan mainly after passing the East China Sea due to the low-pressure circulation strengthened in the subtropical waters of East Asia. In addition, low Vertical Wind Shear (VWS) was created along the mid-latitude regions of East Asia and the main path of TCs from 1991 to 2007. Most of the regions in the Northwestern Pacific showed higher Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from 1991 to 2007, and had a good environment where TCs were able to maintain a higher intensity on the mid-latitude. In particular, a low sensible heat flux occurred due to high snow depth in East Asia in the spring of 1991 to 2007. Accordingly, the lower layer of East Asia showed high-pressure circulation, and the sea surrounding East Asia showed low-pressure circulation. Thus, the typical west-high, east-low pattern of winter atmospheric pressure was shown. The possibility of snowfall in East Asia in spring to be used as a factor for predicting the summer intensity of TC in the mid-latitude regions of East Asia was insinuated. The characteristics of TC in a low-latitude region were the same in Korea. The latest intensity of TCs got higher, and the landing location of TCs gradually changed from the west coast to the south coast.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.583-593
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• 1994

The East Korean Warm Current is known as an anticyclonic circulation in the Ulreung Basin in the southwestern East Sea of Korea. This circulation was approximately estimated by dynamic methods based on the oceanographic observation and remote sensing data. In this study, the existence of circulation in the anticyclonic region of East Korean Warm Current(Tsushima current) in early summer was directly measured by drogue tracking using a global positioning system. At the same time, the velocity was calculated by dynamic method and compared using data collected by remote sensing. As results, these values are shown to be nearly the same, and an anticyclonic circulation was found around Ulreungdo-Tokto. The maximum northward and southward flow speed was deduced to be around 0.6 and one knot, respectively.