• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.210-224
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• 2019

표면파 탐사는 매우 작은 규모의 초음파 분석부터 지질공학 규모의 분석까지 다양한 분야에서 활용하고 있으며, 특히 천부 지질의 지반 안정성을 평가하는 데 활발히 이용되고 있다. 표면파 탐사는 기본적으로 지표면을 따라 전파하는 표면파의 분산 특성에 기초하여 매질의 전단 속도 분포를 파악하는 탐사법이다. 즉, 지하 구조가 1차원 구조라는 가정 하에 탐사를 수행하는 표면파 탐사는, 진동수와 전파 속도의 관계인 분산곡선을 분석하고 1차원적 역산을 통해 층서구조 속도를 계산하게 된다. 이 논문에서는 천부 지질 조사를 위한 표면파 탐사법의 기초적인 이론부터 전반적인 자료처리 과정을 기술보고를 통해 설명하고자 한다. 먼저, 표면파에 대한 개략적인 설명과 가장 큰 특징 중 하나인 분산 특성에 대하여 설명한 후 일반적인 표면파 자료처리 순서에 대하여 설명하였다. 표면파 탐사법은 인공적인 송신원의 유무에 따라 능동 표면파 탐사법과 수동 표면파 탐사법으로 나눌 수 있으나 이 논문에서는 능동 표면파 탐사법인 CSW, SASW, MASW에 대하여 집중적으로 기술하였다. 수동 표면파 탐사법에 대해서는 다음 기술보고에서 다루고자 한다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제25권6_1호
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• pp.507-516
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• 2007

Segmentation and organization of the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data of the Earth's surface are difficult tasks because the captured LiDAR data are composed of irregularly distributed point clouds with lack of semantic information. The reason for this difficulty in processing LiDAR data is that the data provide huge amount of the spatial coordinates without topological and/or relational information among the points. This study introduces LiDAR data segmentation technique by utilizing histograms of the LiDAR height image data and analyzing roof shape for 3D reconstruction and visualization of the buildings. One of the advantages in utilizing LiDAR height image data is no registration required because the LiDAR data are geo-referenced and ortho-projected data. In consequence, measurements on the image provide absolute reference coordinates. The LiDAR image allows measurement of the initial building boundaries to estimate locations of the side walls and to form the planar surfaces which represent approximate building footprints. LiDAR points close to each side wall were grouped together then the least-square planar surface fitting with the segmented point clouds was performed to determine precise location of each wall of an building. Finally, roof shape analysis was performed by accumulated slopes along the profiles of the roof top. However, simulated LiDAR data were used for analyzing roof shape because buildings with various shapes of the roof do not exist in the test area. The proposed approach has been tested on the heavily built-up urban residential area. 3D digital vector map produced by digitizing complied aerial photographs was used to evaluate accuracy of the results. Experimental results show efficiency of the proposed methodology for 3D building reconstruction and large scale digital mapping especially for the urban area.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2024

Ocean surface currents have an essential role in the Earth's climate system and significantly impact the marine ecosystem, weather patterns, and human activities. However, predicting ocean surface currents remains challenging due to the complexity and variability of the oceanic processes involved. This review article provides an overview of the current research status, challenges, and opportunities in the prediction of ocean surface currents. We discuss the various observational and modelling approaches used to study ocean surface currents, including satellite remote sensing, in situ measurements, and numerical models. We also highlight the major challenges facing the prediction of ocean surface currents, such as data assimilation, model-observation integration, and the representation of sub-grid scale processes. In this article, we suggest that future research should focus on developing advanced modeling techniques, such as machine learning, and the integration of multiple observational platforms to improve the accuracy and skill of ocean surface current predictions. We also emphasize the need to address the limitations of observing instruments, such as delays in receiving data, versioning errors, missing data, and undocumented data processing techniques. Improving data availability and quality will be essential for enhancing the accuracy of predictions. The future research should focus on developing methods for effective bias correction, a series of data preprocessing procedures, and utilizing combined models and xAI models to incorporate data from various sources. Advancements in predicting ocean surface currents will benefit various applications such as maritime operations, climate studies, and ecosystem management.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Wind energy has been recognized as one of the most important and fastest growing energy resources without emission of air pollutant. Thus, it is necessary to predict wind speed and direction accurately both in time and space toward the efficient usage of wind energy. Numerical simulation experiments using the Fifth-Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) are carried out to clarify the impact of surface observation data assimilation on the estimation of wind energy resources. The EXP_Radius run was designed with respect to the radius of influence in the Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA), and the EXP_Impact run was made by changing the nudging coefficient that determines the relative magnitude of the nudging term. The simulation period covers a clear-sky event on 3 - 5 June 2007 and another is on 2 - 4 December 2006. It is found that the simulated results are very sensitive to the radius of influence and nudging parameters in the FDDA. The further analysis of the results shows that the impact of the radius of influence tends to be stronger in weak synoptic flow episode than that in strong synoptic flows episode. The nudging factor is also sensitive to the intensity of the synoptic flows.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.613-623
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• 2019

지난 수십년 동안 인공위성을 통해 광범위하고 주기적으로 관측된 해수면온도 자료를 사용하여 일별 해수면온도 합성장이 생산되고 있으며 기후변화 감시와 해양 대기 예측 등 다양한 목적으로 활용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 지역적인 해역에서 최적화된 활용을 위해 한반도 주변해역에서 해수면온도 합성장 자료의 정확도 평가와 오차 특성 분석을 수행하였다. 2016년 1월부터 12월까지 이어도 해양과학기지 관측 수온 자료를 활용하여 4종의 다중 인공위성 기반 해수면온도 합성장 자료(OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis), OISST (Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature), CMC (Canadian Meteorological Centre) 해수면온도 및 MURSST (Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution Sea Surface Temperature))를 비교하여 각 해수면온도 합성장의 정확도를 평가하였다. 이어도 해양과학기지 수온 자료에 대하여 각 해수면온도 합성장은 최소 0.12℃ (OISST)와 최대 0.55℃ (MURSST)의 편차와 최소 0.77℃ (CMC 해수면온도)와 최대 0.96℃ (MURSST)의 평균 제곱근 오차를 나타냈다. 해수면온도 합성장 사이의 상호 비교 결과에서는 -0.38-0.38℃의 편차와 0.55-0.82℃의 평균 제곱근 오차의 범위를 보였으며 OSTIA와 CMC 해수면온도 자료가 가장 작은 오차 특성을 보인 반면 OISST와 MURSST 자료는 가장 큰 오차 특성을 나타내었다. 이어도 해양과학기지와 가장 가까운 지점에서 해수면온도 합성장 자료를 추출하여 시계열을 비교한 결과에서는 이어도 해양과학기지 관측 수온 뿐만 아니라 모든 해수면온도 합성장 자료에서 뚜렷한 계절 변동을 보였으나 봄철 해수면온도 합성장은 이어도 해양과학기지 관측 수온에 비해 과대추정되는 경향이 나타났다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2013

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2011

LiDAR technology is a combination of laser ranging, satellite positioning technology and digital image technology for study and determination with high accuracy of the true earth surface features in 3 D. Laser scanning data is typically a points cloud on the ground, including coordinates, altitude and intensity of laser from the object on the ground to the sensor (Wehr & Lohr, 1999). Data from laser scanning can produce products such as digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM) and the intensity data. In Vietnam, the LiDAR technology has been applied since 2005. However, the application of LiDAR in Vietnam is mostly for topological mapping and DEM establishment using point cloud 3D coordinate. In this study, another application of LiDAR data are present. The study use the intensity image combine with some other data sets (elevation data, Panchromatic image, RGB image) in Bacgiang City to perform land cover classification using neural network method. The results show that it is possible to obtain land cover classes from LiDAR data. However, the highest accurate classification can be obtained using LiDAR data with other data set and the neural network classification is more appropriate approach to conventional method such as maximum likelyhood classification.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.30-40
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• 2011

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the impact of SST spatial distribution on the result of air quality modeling. Eulerian photochemical dispersion model CAMx (Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtensions, version 4.50) was applied in this study and meteorological fields were prepared by RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System). Three different meteorological fields, due to different SST spatial distributions were used for air quality modeling to assess the sensitivity of CAMx modeling to the different meteorological input data. The horizontal distributions of surface ozone concentrations were analyzed and compared. In each case, the simulated ozone concentrations were different due to the discrepancies of horizontal SST distributions. The discrepancies of land-sea breeze velocity caused the difference of daytime and nighttime ozone concentrations. The result of statistic analysis also showed differences for each case. Case NG, which used meteorological fields with high resolution SST data was most successfully estimated correlation coefficient, root mean squared error and index of agreement value for ground level ozone concentration. The prediction accuracy was also improved clearly for case NG. In conclusion, the results suggest that SST spatial distribution plays an important role in the results of air quality modeling on high ozone episode at coastal region.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1053-1062
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• 2013

The shortwave aerosol direct radiative forcing (SWARF) was analyzed using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data in the East Asian region from 2001 to 2010. In the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula, located in the leeward side of China, significantly negative high SWARF at the top of atmosphere (TOA) occurs due to the long-range transport of anthropogenic (e.g. sulphate) and natural aerosols (e.g. mineral dust) from the East Asian continent. Conversely, eastern China has much higher levels of SWARF at the surface (SFC) due to anthropogenically emitted aerosol than in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula. Since the radiative forcing of aerosols in the atmosphere are different in type, aerosol types were classified into sea salt+sulphate, smoke, sulphate and dust by using satellite data. The analysis on the SWARF by the classified aerosol types indicated that sulphate occupies a predominant portion of the atmosphere in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula in the summer. In particular, the annual averages of the summer TOA SWARF increased in the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula from 2001 to 2010.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 사질토 지반에 설치된 수직갱에 작용하는 토압에 대한 기존 제안식을 수정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 깊이에 관계없이 동일한 반경방향 변위를 일으킬 수 있는 실내 모형시험장치를 개발하였으며, 벽면마찰각과 상대 밀도를 변수로 시험하였다. 실내 모형시험 결과는 수정식에서 접선방향 토압계수(수직응력에 대한 접선방향 응력 비)인 $\lambda$값을 $\lambda=1-sin\phi$와$\lambda=1$을 사용하였을 경우의 토압 사이에 분포하였다. 다층지반에 설치된 원형수직갱 배면지반의 파괴면을 가정하고 수정식을 적용하여 다층지반에 설치된 원형수직갱에 작용하는 토압 산정방법을 제안하였다. 시공현장의 3개의 수직갱으로부터 계측 데이터를 획득하였으며 이를 토압으로 환산하여 제안된 방법을 검증하였다. 계측 데이터로부터 환산된 대부분의 환산 토압은 제안된 방법의 토압과 잘 일치하였다.