• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Brain metastasis from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma is uncommon, and the treatment remains controversial. In this study, we analyzed cases of brain metastasis from well differentiated thyroid carcinoma to determine optimal treatment. Material and Methods: From March 1986 to May 2003, we experienced 13 cases of brain metastases from well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. There were 6 men and 7 women with a mean age of 62.3 years. The time interval detecting the brain metastasis, treatment methods, outcomes, and the prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: In 11 patients, brain metastasis was found at a mean of 96 months after thyroid surgery (range, 1-204months). In 1 patient, brain metastasis was found simultaneously with the thyroid cancer. In the remaining one, brain metastasis was presented as the first sign. Treatment included gamma knife therapy in 2, external radiation therapy (ExRT) in 2, resection and ExRT in 2, gamma knife therapy and ExRT in 2 and intracranial holmium injection in 1. Three patients received no treatment. The mean survival was 20.5months (1-119 months). Only 2 patients with early detection remained alive after treatment (23months and 119months). The age, sex, primary tumor size, combined organs of distant metastasis and treatment methods did not affect the prognosis. There were noticeable symptomatic improvements in patients who received any kind of treatment for brain metastasis. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of brain metastasis appears to bring symptomatic relief and improve survival. Therefore, early screening for brain metastasis is recommended for patients with symptoms. However, further study is needed to determine the optimal method of treatment.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

Objectives : The Purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical application of conservative treatment including hip joint MST for lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed avascular necrosis of femur head. Methods : Patient is hospitalized at Dept. of Oriental Internal Medicine, Jaseng Oriental Medicine Hospital, diagnosed as lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed Avascular Necrosis of Femur Head and treated by herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and hip joint MST. This study was measured by NRS(Numeric Rating Scale), ODI(Oswestry Disability Index) and ROM(range of motion). Results : After conservative treatment, the patient's pain was controlled and NRS score was decreased. ODI and ROM also were improved. Conclusions : As seen in this one case, Oriental conservative treatment including hip joint MST has a positive effect to control pain with lumbar HIVD(Herniated Intervertebral Disc) and early developed avascular necrosis of femur head.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.585-589
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• 1999

Six crossbred goats in their 2nd or 3rd lactation, were administered bromocryptine at 5 mg/day during early lactation of 15-20 days (period I) and thereafter again at an interval of 13 days, bromocryptine was given for 5 days (period II). Blood samples were collected before (-5, -4, -3, -2, -1) during (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and after (+1, +2, +3, +4, +5) administration of bromocryptine in both the periods of study. In period I, administration of bromocryptine resulted in a decrease in milk yield to the extent of 16..8% in comparison to before treatment, and 28.5% after the cessation of treatment. The glucose content of blood increased (p<0.01) as the milk yield decreased without any change in NEFA concentration. During period II of bromocryptine treatment the milk yields did not change in spite of a decline in prolactin level, perhaps the effect of previous treatment was prolonged. A decline in protein and lactose content of milk after bromocryptine treatment in both the periods of study, when prolactin level also declined suggests a role of prolactin in protein synthesis and also a depressing effect on lactose synthesis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2016

Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare and rapidly progressive bacterial infection of the stomach wall, with a high mortality rate. Antibiotics with or without surgical treatment are required for treatment. We present a case in which phlegmonous gastritis occurred during the diagnostic evaluation of early gastric cancer. The patient showed improvement after antibiotic treatment, but attempted endoscopic submucosal dissection failed because of submucosal pus. We immediately applied argon plasma coagulation since surgical resection was also considered a high-risk procedure because of the submucosal pus and multiple comorbidities. However, there was local recurrence two years later, and the patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Considering the risk of incomplete treatment immediately after recovery from phlegmonous gastritis and that recurrent disease can be more difficult to manage, delaying treatment and evaluation until after complete recovery of PG might be a better option in this particular clinical situation.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

Subsyndromal bipolar symptoms are common during maintenance treatment and appear to be associated with relapse into an episode of the same polarity. This implies subsyndromal symptoms are an important problem in recurrent bipolar disorder and require more additive and infallible therapeutic intervention. Undetected, untreated subsyndromal states lead patients to have poor prognosis and quality of life. The combination of a long undetected illness and significant psychosocial impairment renders early identification and intervention vital for the treatment of bipolar disorders. Methods for early identification includes finding prodromes, using screening tools such as the HCL-32 (Hypomania Checklist-32) and the BSDS (bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale). Various augmentation treatment methods would be needed to reduce subsyndromal symptoms, especially, psychosocial treatment has the potential to help patients address the multiple psychosocial problems associated with this chronic illness. To overcome difficulties of diagnosing subsyndromal disorder and to treat it appropriately, a staging system was suggested by some researchers. It assumes that earlier stages have better prognosis and require simpler therapeutic regimens. Staging may assist in treatment planning and prognosis of bipolar disorder, and emphasize the importance of early intervention. Further research is required in this exciting and novel area.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2020

Objective : Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a severe and life-threatening disease. Although commonly performed, the effect of timing in surgical treatment on patient outcome is still unclear. With this study, we aim to provide evidence for early surgical treatment in patients with SEA. Methods : Patients treated for SEA in the authors' department between 2007 and 2016 were included for analysis and retrospectively analyzed for basic clinical parameters and outcome. Pre- and postoperative neurological status were assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS). The self-reported quality of life (QOL) based on the Short-Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) was assessed prospectively. Surgery was defined as "early", when performed within 12 hours after admission and "late" when performed thereafter. Conservative therapy was preferred and recommend in patients without neurological deficits and in patients denying surgical intervention. Results : One hundred and twenty-three patients were included in this study. Forty-nine patients (39.8%) underwent early, 47 patients (38.2%) delayed surgery and 27 (21.9%) conservative therapy. No significant differences were observed regarding mean age, sex, diabetes, prior history of spinal infection, and bony destruction. Patients undergoing early surgery revealed a significant better clinical outcome before discharge than patients undergoing late surgery (p=0.001) and conservative therapy. QOL based on SF-36 were significantly better in the early surgery cohort in two of four physical items (physical functioning and bodily pain) and in one of four psychological items (role limitation) after a mean follow-up period of 58 months. Readmission to the hospital and failure of conservative therapy were observed more often in patients undergoing conservative therapy. Conclusion : Our data on both clinical outcome and QOL provide evidence for early surgery within 12 hours after admission in patients with SEA.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-42
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• 2016

Purpose: Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. Results: Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for out-of-indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. Conclusions: Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be empha-sized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2011

Endoscopic resection has been accepted as a curative modality for early gastric cancer (EGC). Since conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been introduced, many improvements in endoscopic accessories and techniques have been achieved. Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using various electrosurgical knives has been performed for complete resection of EGC and enables complete resection of EGC, which is difficult to completely resect in the era of conventional EMR. Currently, ESD is accepted as the standard method for endoscopic resection of EGC in indicated cases. In this review, the history of endoscopic treatment for EGC, overall ESD procedures, and indications and clinical results of endoscopic treatment will be presented.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 1981

This experiment was carried out to investigate effects of soil moisture content on the growth of tobacco plant at early stage after transplanting. Soil moisture was controlled to be 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% and 90% of the maximum water holding capacity (38.7%), and treated for 10, 20 and 30 days. Budding flowering and topping were delayed in the 30% and 45% treatment where soil moisture was deficient. Plant height, number of leaves, and length and width of the largest leaf were the best in the 75% treatment for 10 days, and development of the root and top was the best also in the same treatment. As the duration of low soil moisture treatment prolonged, intercellular space , became small. Nitrogen and potassium of the cured leaf showed the highest value in 30% and 45% treatments. Nicotine content of the cured leaf was high in the 90% treatment, and reducing sugar content of that was high in the 75% treatment for 10 days.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.189-204
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 유묘기 TO1000DH3와 Early big에서 MeJA 처리에 의해 글루코시놀레이트 함량 변화 및 유전자의 발현 변화를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. $200{\mu}M$ 농도의 MeJA를 처리하여 글루코시놀레이트 함량을 분석한 결과, 글루코시놀레이트 총 함량이 처리 전보다 TO1000DH3에서 1.3~1.5배, Early big에서 1.3 ~ 3.8배 증가하였다. 알리패틱 글루코시놀레이트인 progoitrin과 gluconapin은 TO1000DH3에서만 검출되었으며, neoglucobrassicin 성분의 함량 변화가 MeJA 처리 48시간 후 TO1000DH3와 Early big에서 가장 크게 증가되었다. 전사체 분석을 통해 TO1000DH3에서는 stress나 defense 반응에 관여하거나, 생장과 관련된 전사체가 특이적으로 발현하고, Early big에서는 nucleoside 또는 ATP 생합성 관련 전사체가 특이적으로 발현하는 것을 알 수 있었다. MeJA를 처리함에 따라 발현이 2배 이상 변한 전사체를 TO1000DH3에서 12,020개, Early big에서 13,510개를 선발하여 GO 분석한 결과 stimulus, chemical에 반응하는 전사체의 발현이 공통적으로 증가하였고, single-organism 및 ribosome 합성 관련 전사체의 발현이 공통적으로 감소하였다. 특히 glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin 함량과 연관되어 발현이 증가한 인돌릭 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 관련 전사체의 발현이 모두 증가하였다 (MYB34 (Bo7g098110), IGMT2 (Bo8g070650), CYP81D1 (Bo6g056440), CYP81D4 (Bo7g118500), CYP81F4 (Bo1g004730, Bo01007s020), CYP81G1 (Bo4g154660), CYP83B1 (Bo8g024390) 및 CYP91A2 (Bo1g003710)). 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 경로 관련 유전자를 대표하는 전사체 104개를 선발하여 발현 양상을 분석한 결과 transcription factor에 속하는 MYB28, MYB51의 발현은 MeJA 처리 전에 비해 처리 후 발현양이 감소하였지만, 대부분의 전사체의 발현은 MeJA 처리에 의해 증가하였다. MeJA 처리에 의해 AOP3 (Bo9g006220, Bo9g006240), TGG1 (Bo14804s010)는 TO1000DH3에서만 특이적으로 발현이 증가하였고, Dof1.1 (Bo5g008360), UGT74C1 (Bo4g177540), GSL-OH (Bo4g173560, Bo4g173550, Bo4g173530)는 Early big 특이적으로 발현이 증가하였다. MeJA 처리 전 두 계통에서 발현이 가장 높은 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 관련 유전자는 GSTU20이었고, MeJA 처리에 의해 12시간 후TO1000DH3에서 CYP79B2 (Bo7g118840), Early big에서는 CYP79B3 (Bo4g149550)의 발현이 가장 많이 증가하였다.