• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2001

Purpose: The common features of brain metastases from gastric cancer are unknown because brain metastasis is an uncommon pattern of metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features of and the prognosis for patients with brain metastases after a curative resection for gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one (21) cases of patients with brain metastases of gastric cancer, who had been treated at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, were assessed retrospectively. Results: The mean age was $55.8\pm9.6$ years (range: $34\~70$ years), and the male-to-female ratio was 2.5 : .1. The most common neurologic symptom was headache ($38.5\%$), and no patient was free from the neurologic symptoms. The incidence of parenchymal metastasis (PM: $76.2\%$) was higher than that of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM: $19.0\%$). Patients with gastric cancer and brain metastasis showed high rates of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (lymphatic vessel invasion: $85.7\%$; blood vessel invasion: $80.9\%$). According to Lauren's classification, the incidence of intestinal types was 14/21 ($66.7\%$), that of diffuse types was 3/21 ($14.3\%$) and that of mixed types was 4/21 ($19.0\%$). The mean interval between the gastrectomy and the diagnosis of brain metastasis was $24.7\pm4.0$ months (PM: 26.8 months; LM: 20.3 months). The median period of survival after diagnosis of brain metastasis was 2 months for paren chymal metastasis and 0 months for leptomeningeal metastasis. Conclusion:.. During a follow-up period, patients with neurologic symptoms should be suspected of having brain metastasis. Early diagnosis and treatment is the only hope to prolong survival in such patients.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2007

Liver tumors in children are rare, relatively complex, and encompass a broad spectrum of disease processes. This study reviews our experience of liver tumors during the last 10 years. Medical records of 36 cases of liver tumors in children, treated at Samsung Medical Centers, from October 1994 to December 2005, were reviewed in this study. We analyzed disease characters and survival rates as a whole and by specific disease. The median age was 3.6 years. Male and female ratio was 1:1. The most common symptom was the palpable mass in 15 cases. Others were abdominal distension in 9 cases, jaundice in 2, vomiting in 2, weight loss in 2, and pubic hair growth in 1. CT or US and liver biopsy were performed for diagnosis. There were 28 malignant tumors: malignant rhabdoid tumor (1 case), hepatocellular carcinoma (3 cases), hemangioendothelioma type II (3 cases), angiosarcoma (1 case), and hepatoblastoma (20 cases). Eight tumors were benign; hepatic adenoma (1 case), focal nodular hyperplasia (2 cases), hemangioendothelioma type I (2 cases), mesenchymal hamartoma (3 cases). In this study the clinical characteristics were not different from the other reports. Liver transplantation was performed in 3 cases-1 with hepatoblastoma and 2 with hepatocelleular carcinoma. Accurate and early diagnosis, and individualized multimodality therapeutic approaches might be important for better outcome.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.429-432
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• 2010

친환경 시설재배 시금치에서 생장점 부위를 가해하는 응애를 채집하여 곤봉가루응해(Tyrophagus similis Volgin, 1949)로 동정되었다 곤봉가루응애에 의한 시금치의 피해는 주로 생장점부근의 어린잎에서 나타나는데 곤봉가루응애의 크기가 0.5 nm 정도로 매우 작아 농민들이 육안으로 해충을 확인하기는 매우 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라에서 처음으로 확인된 곤봉가루응애에 의한 시금치 피해에 대해 보고하고 응애의 형태 및 피해증상에 대한 정보를 제공하고자 한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-111
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• 1987

벼잎선충(線蟲)에 대(對)한 종자소독(種子消毒) 효과 및 본답(本畓)에서의 약제방제(藥劑防除) 체계(體系)를 구명(究明)코자 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 벼잎선충(線蟲)에 대(對)한 종자소독용(種子消毒用) 살충제(殺蟲劑)로 메프유제(乳劑), 다수진유제(乳劑), 펜치온유제(乳劑)의 약효(藥效)가 양호(良好)하였다. 2. 기존(旣存) 종자소독용(種子消毒用) 살균제(殺菌劑)인 베노람수화제(水和劑), 티시엠유제(乳劑), Proaz유제(乳劑)와 살충제(殺蟲劑), 메프유제(乳劑), 펜치온유제(乳劑), 다수진유제(乳劑)를 각각(各各) 혼용(混用)하여 종자소독(種子消毒)을 하였을때에도 약효(藥效)가 우수(優秀)하였으며 약해(藥害)도 없었다. 3. 본답(本畓)에서의 벼잎선충(線蟲)에 대(對)한 방제체계(防除體系)로는 $\ulcorner$종자소독(種子消毒)+카보입제(粒劑) 토중처리(土中處理)$\lrcorner$와 $\ulcorner$종자소독(種子消毒)+카보입제(粒劑) 6월하순(月下旬) 수면처리(水面處理)$\lrcorner$가 효과적(效果的)이었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 1981

본 시험은 1980년도에 전남대학교 시험포장에서 수행된 것으로서, Metribuzin의 처리시기에 따른 품종반응차이를 알기 위하여 광교외의 5대두품종과 Pre-sowing 외에 4처리 시기를 공시하여 작물의 초기생육반응을 조사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 공시품종내에서는 약제에 대한 저항성 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 2. 품종차이보다는 약제처리시기에 따른 반응차이가 헌저하였으며, 대부분 대두품종의 저항성 크기는 E. Post-emg.< L.Post-emg $\ll$re-sowing=Control의 순으로 컸다. 3. Metribuzin의 약해 Symptom은 주당엽수 < 초장 $\ll$주당분지수의 순으로 뚜렷한 감소를 보이는 특징이었다. 4. 우리나라 대두품종에 대한 Metribuzin의 사용은 Pre-sowing이나 Pre-emg.가 추천되며, 특히 Pre-sowing에 대한 토양혼화법 연구와 단제보다는 혼용처리의 이점을 찾을 필요가 있다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.489-491
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• 2010

Purpose: Retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare complication followed by blepharoplasty, trauma, orbital reconstruction, and so on. Most of the cases occur within 24 hours, half of them in the first 6 hours. Some authors have reported delayed retrobulbar hemorrhage after blepharoplasty and trauma within 1 day to 9 days. However, there have been few reports of delayed retrobulbar hemorrhage resulting from the complication of orbital reconstruction. Methods: A 22-year-old male underwent orbital floor reconstruction due to the orbital floor fracture. In 84 hours after the surgery, he complained sudden onset orbital pain and decreased visual acuity immediately after defecation. Intraocular pressure was unmeasurable due to the swelling at that time. Emergency computed tomography was performed. Results: Computed tomography revealed subperiosteal hematoma on inferior orbital wall extended to the apex. Emergency decompressive surgery was performed within 1 hour. After evacuation of hematoma, orbital symptom was improved and visual acuity was restored. Conclusion: Delayed retrobulbar hemorrhage is rare but vision-threatening. Therefore early diagnosis and treatment of delayed retrobulbar hemorrhage is thought to be crucial. The cause of delayed hemorrhage was not clear, however, valsalva maneuver might be the cause of hemorrhage.

• Experimental and Molecular Medicine
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.9.1-9.10
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• 2019

Mesangial cell proliferation has been identified as a major factor contributing to glomerulosclerosis, which is a typical symptom of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels are increased in the glomerulus of the kidney in diabetic mice. LPA is a critical regulator that induces mesangial cell proliferation; however, its effect and molecular mechanisms remain unknown. The proportion of ${\alpha}-SMA^+/PCNA^+$ cells was increased in the kidney cortex of db/db mice compared with control mice. Treatment with LPA concomitantly increased the proliferation of mouse mesangial cells (SV40 MES13) and the expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4. On the other hand, the expression of $p27^{Kip1}$ was decreased. The expression of $Kr{\ddot{u}}ppel$-like factor 5 (KLF5) was upregulated in the kidney cortex of db/db mice and LPA-treated SV40 MES13 cells. RNAi-mediated silencing of KLF5 reversed these effects and inhibited the proliferation of LPA-treated cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were activated, and the expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) was subsequently increased in LPA-treated SV40 MES13 cells and the kidney cortex of db/db mice. Moreover, LPA significantly increased the activity of the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac1) GTPase in SV40 MES13 cells, and the dominant-negative form of Rac1 partially inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and upregulation of Egr1 and KLF5 induced by LPA. LPA-induced hyperproliferation was attenuated by the inhibition of Rac1 activity. Based on these results, the Rac1/MAPK/KLF5 signaling pathway was one of the mechanisms by which LPA induced mesangial cell proliferation in DN models.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.981-986
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective case series. Purpose: Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is associated with etiologies such as lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). CES has a prevalence of 2% among patients with LDH and exhibits variable outcomes, even with early surgery. Few studies have explored the factors influencing the prognosis in terms of bladder function. Therefore, we aimed to assess the factors contributing to bladder recovery and propose a simplified bladder recovery classification. Overview of Literature: Few reports have described the prognostic clinical factors for bladder recovery following CES. Moreover, limited data are available regarding a meaningful bladder recovery status classification useful in clinical settings. Methods: A single-center retrospective study was conducted (April 2012 to April 2015). Patients with CES secondary to LDH or LCS were included. The retrieved data were evaluated for variables such as demographics, symptom duration, neurological symptoms, bladder symptoms, and surgery duration. The variable bladder function outcome during discharge and at follow-up was recorded. All subjects were followed up for at least 2 years. A simplified bladder recovery classification was proposed. Statistical analyses were performed to study the correlation between patient variables and bladder function outcome. Results: Overall, 39 patients were included in the study. Majority of the subjects were males (79.8%) with an average age of 44.4 years. CES secondary to LDH was most commonly seen (89.7%). Perianal sensation (PAS) showed a significant correlation with neurological recovery. In the absence of PAS, bladder function did not recover. Voluntary anal contraction (VAC) was affected in all study subjects. Conclusions: Intactness of PAS was the only significant prognostic variable. Decreased or absent VAC was the most sensitive diagnostic marker of CES. We also proposed a simplified bladder recovery classification for recovery prognosis.

• Asian Spine Journal
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1017-1027
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• 2018

Study Design: This retrospective study was conducted including 18 patients who underwent posterior-only stabilization and fusion procedure for pseudoarthrosis in the ankylosed spine from October 2007 to May 2015. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the treatment outcomes in 18 patients with Andersson lesion (AL) who were managed using the posterior-only approach. Literature Review: AL is an unstable, localized, vertebral, or discovertebral lesion of the spine. It is observed in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The exact etiology of this disorder remains unclear, and the treatment guidelines are not clearly described. Methods: We analyzed 18 patients with AL who were treated with posterior long segment spinal fusion without any anterior interbody grafting or posterior osteotomy. Pre- and postoperative radiography, computed tomography, and recent follow-up images were examined. The pre- and postoperative Visual Analog Scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index score were evaluated for all patients. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis criteria were applied at the follow-up. Moreover, at study completion, patient feedback was collected; all the patients were asked to provide their opinion regarding the surgery and were asked whether they would recommend this procedure to other patients and them self undergo the same procedure again if required. Results: The most common site was the thoracolumbar junction. The symptom duration ranged from 1 month to 10 years preoperatively. Most patients experienced fusion by the end of 1 year, and the fusion mass could be observed as early as 4 months. Pseudoarthrosis void of up to 2.5 cm was noted to be healed in subsequent imaging. In addition, clinically, the patients reported good symptomatic relief. No patient required revision surgery. Whiteclouds' outcome analysis score at the latest follow-up revealed goodto-excellent outcomes in all patients. Conclusions: ALs can be treated using the posterior-only approach with long segment fixation and posterior spinal fusion. This is a safe, simple, and quick procedure that prevents the morbidity of anterior surgery.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2009

Three-year-old seedlings of susceptible Pinus densiflora and resistant Pinus x rigitaeda were each inoculated with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to compare disease development. Needle dehydration was evident on seedlings of P. densiflora by 20 days after inoculation, 10 days earlier than this symptom was observed on P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda. Xylem drying was more frequent in seedlings of P. densiflora than in that of P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda between 20 and 60 days after inoculation. No significant differences were found between P. densiflora and P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda for stem water content or for stem and leaf relative water content in current-year branches after nematode inoculation, but the average number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems differed significantly between the two groups. The number of B. xylophilus recovered from stems was negatively correlated with the stem water content and with stem and leaf relative water content. By the time the experiment was terminated at 60 days after inoculation, all 3 of the last group of P. densiflora seedlings had died, but 2 of the 3 remaining P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda hybrid seedlings were still alive. Additional studies are needed to further explore the specific mechanisms preventing nematode multiplication in the seedlings of resistant P. ${\times}$ rigitaeda.