• 제목/요약/키워드: Early screening

검색결과 865건 처리시간 0.022초

Cervical Cancer Screening in an Early Diagnosis and Screening Center in Mersin, Turkey

  • Nayir, Tufan;Okyay, Ramazan Azim;Nazlican, Ersin;Yesilyurt, Hakki;Akbaba, Muhsin;Ilhan, Berrin;Kemik, Aytekin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권16호
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    • pp.6909-6912
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    • 2015
  • Cancer is a major public health problem due to the jeavy disease burden, fatality and tendency for increased incidence. Of all cancer types, cervical cancer is reported to be the fourth most common cancer in women, and the seventh overall, with an estimated 528,000 new cases worldwide in 2012. It features a long preclinical phase with slowly progressing precancerous lesions such as CIN 2 and 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ. Therefore, screening programs such as with Pap smear tests may play an important role in cervical cancer prevention. The purpose of this study was to present results of a Pap smear screening survey for cervical cancer targeting women living in an urban area in the province of Mersin, located in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. This community-based descriptive study included women living at Akdeniz county of Mersin province. A total of 1,032 screened women between 30 and 65 ages within the routine screening programme constituted the study population. The mean age of the participants was $43.8{\pm}8.6$ (min. 30, max. 65) years. The percentage of the participants who had previously undergone smears was 40.6%. Epithelial cell changes were found in 26 (2.5%) participants, with ASC-US in 18 (1.7%), ASC-H in 2 (0.2%), LSIL in 5 (0.5%) and HSIL in 1 (0.1%). The most common clinical presentation together with epithelial changes was abnormal vaginal discharge. Taking into account the presence of women who had never undergone Pap test; it should be offered at primary level of health care in the form of a community-based service to achieve reduced morbidity and mortality rates.

Attitudes Towards Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and CRC Screening Tests among Elderly Malay Patients

  • Al-Naggar, Redhwan A.;Al-Kubaisy, Waqar;Yap, Bee W.;Bobryshev, Yuri V.;Osman, Muhamed T.
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.667-674
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    • 2015
  • Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in Malaysia, where data are limited regarding knowledge and barriers in regard to CRC and screening tests. The aim of the study was to assess these parameters among Malaysians. Materials and Methods: The questionnaires were distributed in the Umra Private Hospital in Selangor. The questionnaire had four parts and covered social-demographic questions, respondent knowledge about CRC and colorectal tests, attitude towards CRC and respondentaction regarding CRC. More than half of Malay participants (total n=187) were female (57.2%) and 36.9% of them were working as professionals. Results: The majority of the participants (93.6%) never had a CRC screening test. The study found that only 10.2% of the study participants did not consider that their chances of getting CRC were high. A high percentage of the participants (43.3%) believed that they would have good chance of survival if the cancer would be found early. About one third of the respondents did not want to do screening because of fear of cancer, and concerns of embarrassment during the procedure adversely affected attitude to CRC screening as well. Age, gender, income, family history of CRC, vegetable intake and physical activity were found to be significant determinants of knowledge on CRC. Conclusions: The major barriers identified towards CRC screening identified in our study were fear of pain and embarrassment. The findings have implications for understanding of similarities and differences in attitude to CRC amongst elderly patients in other cultural/geographic regions.

Mammographic Screening of Women Attending a Reference Service Center in Southern Brazil

  • Lopes, Tiara Cristina Romeiro;Gravena, Angela Andreia Franca;de Oliveira Demitto, Marcela;Brischiliari, Sheila Cristina Rocha;Borghesan, Deise Helena Pelloso;Agnolo, Catia Millene Dell;de Barros Carvalho, Maria Dalva;Pelloso, Sandra Marisa
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.1385-1391
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    • 2016
  • Background: To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with performance of annual mammography by women above 40 years of age. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at an oncology reference service in Southern Brazil from October 2013 to October 2014 with 525 women aged 40 years or older. Results: The prevalence of annual mammography was 54.1%; annual mammographic screening was performed for women without private medical insurance, who were under hormone replacement therapy and who had used contraception in the past. An association was found between non-performance of breast clinical and self-examination and non-performance of mammographic screening. Conclusions: Use of mammography for breast cancer screening in the public health care setting proved to be accessible; nevertheless, the proportion of screened women was low, and they exhibited poor adherence to the basic measures of care recommended for breast assessment. Thus, control of breast cancer requires implementing actions targeting the population most vulnerable to non-adherence to screening in addition to continuously monitoring and assessing that population to reduce the prevalence of this disease.

Cost-Effectiveness of Korea's National Cervical Cancer Screening Program

  • Cho, Eun;Kang, Moon Hae;Choi, Kui Son;Suh, MiNa;Jun, Jae Kwan;Park, Eun-Cheol
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권7호
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    • pp.4329-4334
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    • 2013
  • Background: Cervical cancer, which is common in developing countries, is also a major health issue in Korea. Our aim was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Korea's National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP), implemented in 1999. Materials and Methods: The target population was Korean women 30 years or over who were invited to take part in the NCSP in 2002-2007. By merging NCSP records with Korean Central Cancer Registry data, patients diagnosed with cervical cancer who had been screened were assigned to a "screened group," while patients diagnosed elsewhere were assigned to a "non-screened group." Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of life-years saved (LYS), derived from 5-year mortality rates supplied by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. Direct and travel costs associated with screening were evaluated from the perspective of the payer, the NCSP. Results: A diagnosis via screening was associated with 2.30 LYS, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimate for screening was 7,581,679 KW/LYS (6,727 USD/LYS). ICER estimates were lower for older patients (${\geq}$ 50 years) than younger patients (4,047,033 KW/LYS vs 5,680,793 KW/LYS). The proportion of early-stage cancers detected was 16.3% higher in the screened group. Conclusions: In light of Korea's per capita gross domestic product (32,272 USD in 2012), the current NCSP's incremental cost per LYS appears acceptable.

Comparison of Cervical Cell Morphology Using Two Different Cytology Techniques for Early Detection of Pre-Cancerous Lesions

  • Moosa, Najla Yussuf;Khattak, Nuzhat;Alam, Muhammad Irfan;Sher, Alam;Shah, Walayat;Mobashar, Shumaila;Alam, Muhammad Imran;Javid, Asima
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.975-981
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    • 2014
  • Cervical cancer is an issue of foremost importance globally, specifically affecting the developing nations. Significant advances have taken place with regard to diagnosis of cervical cancer, especially with screening. Appropriate screening measures can thus reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. The most desirable screening technique should be less invasive, easy to perform, cost-effective and cover a wide range of diagnostic icons. Manual liquid based cytology (MLBC) can be considered as one of the suitable technique for screening with the above-mentioned benefits. The aim of the current study was to compare two cervical screening techniques on the basis of different morphological parameters and staining parameters by using modified acetic acid Pap staining to see the possibility of reducing time economy involved in conventional Pap staining (CPS). The study was conducted on a total 88 cases and all were analyzed with both MLBC and CPS. Forty eight cases that were regarded as satisfactory on the basis of Bethesda system by both methods were further recruited for investigation. Their morphological parameters and staining quality were compared and scored according to a scoring system defined in the study. Quality indices was calculated for both staining procedures and smear techniques.

Building Living Lab for Acquiring Behavioral Data for Early Screening of Developmental Disorders

  • Kim, Jung-Jun;Kwon, Yong-Seop;Kim, Min-Gyu;Kim, Eun-Soo;Kim, Kyung-Ho;Sohn, Dong-Seop
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제25권8호
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2020
  • 발달장애는 영유아 기부터 시작하는 뇌 신경계 발달장애들의 집합으로 언어 및 의사소통, 인지력, 사회성 등의 측면에서 이루어져야 할 발달이 심하게 지체되거나 성취되지 않은 장애를 의미한다. 이러한 발달장애 진단에는 아동의 얼굴 표정과 같은 감정표현의 의미와 맥락 등 비언어적 반응에 대한 관찰로 이루어진다. 이를 사람이 측정기에는 상당히 주관적인 판단이 개입하게 되어 객관적인 기술이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영유아/아동의 언어, 비언어적 행동 반응을 관찰하는 ADOS(Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule)와 BeDevel(Behavior Development Screening for Toddler) 검사에서 검사자와 피검사자간의 상호작용이 녹화된 영상을 리빙랩 환경에서 획득하여 인공지능 기반의 비정상적/상동적 행동 인지 기술 개발에 필요한 영상 및 음성 데이터 확보를 목표로 한다.

대입제도 쟁점분석: 수시와 정시 입학생들의 소득수준 비교 분석 (An Analysis on the Issue of the College Admission Systems: Comparison of Parental Income Level of College Entrants of Early and Regular Admissions)

  • 이광현;권용재
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제21권12호
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2021
  • 대입제도와 관련된 논쟁 중 하나는 수시전형과 정시전형 중 어느 입학전형이 사회적 계층이동을 위한 기제로서 작동하는지에 대한 것이다. 본 연구는 한국교육고용패널조사 II(KEEP II) 데이터의 3차년도 자료를 활용하여 입학전형(수시전형 vs 정시전형)에 따른 대학입학생들의 소득수준을 분석하여 관련 논의에 기여하고자 하였다. 3차년도 자료 분석결과 일반대학에 입학한 학생들 전체적으로는 정시와 수시 입학생들 간의 부모소득은 거의 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 정시는 585.4만원 수시는 586.4만원으로 수시전형 입학생이 월평균 부모소득이 1만원이 더 높은 것으로 나타났는데 실용적으로나 통계적으로는 의미가 없었다. 다음으로 카이제곱검정을 통해 부모소득과 정시/수시입학유형 간의 관계를 분석한 결과 역시 통계적 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 대학순위그룹별로 분석한 결과 전반적으로 상위권 대학으로 갈수록 입학생들이 부모소득수준이 높아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 본 연구의 주제인 입학전형별로 보면 정시전형 입학생들보다 수시전형 입학생들의 월평균 부모소득이 더 높은 것으로 나타나고 있었다. 따라서 수시(학종)전형이 상대적으로 더 금수저 전형일 가능성이 높음을 보여주며, 정시수능전형보다 사회적 계층이동을 원활히 하는 통로로서 작동하고 있지 못하고 있는 것으로 보는 것이 더 합리적인 판단으로 보인다.

선천성 부신 과형성증(21-hydroxylase 결핍)의 신생아 선별 검사 후 진단 알고리즘 (A Diagnostic Algorithm after Newborn Screening for 21-hydroxylase Deficiency)

  • 조성윤;고정민;이경아
    • 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.70-78
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    • 2016
  • 선천성 부신 과형성증 중 가장 흔한 21-hydroxy-lase deficiency (21-OHD)는 신생아 선별검사에서 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)의 증가로 조기 진단이 가능하다. 17-OHP가 애매하게 증가되는 경우에는 ACTH 자극 검사가 필요하며, 이 검사는 nonclassical (NC형) 21-OHD 진단의 gold standard이다. 전형적인 임상 증상이 없는 경우, 예를 들어 남성화가 심하지 않은 여아, 경한 simple virilizing (SV)형 남아나 신생아 선별 검사에서 발견되지 않을 수 있는 NC형 환자의 경우, 분자유전학적 검사가 진단에 도움을 줄 수 있으며, 이는 예후 에측 및 유전 상담에도 도움이 된다. 미숙아와 저체중 출생아의 경우는 17-OHP가 위양성을 보이기 쉬우므로 출생 주수나 출생 체중에 따른 cutoff 값 설정이 필요하다. 높은 위양성률을 극복하기 위해 기존 RIA방법에 비해 최근 LC-MS/MS가 민감도와 특이도를 높이는 검사로 주목 받고 있다. 21-OHD 신생아 선별 검사의 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 SW형 남아를 조기에 발견하고, 여아에서 성별 결정을 조기에 올바르게 하고, NC형 환자를 찾아내고, 미숙아/저체중 출생아/아픈 신생아에서 위양성률을 낮추어서 불필요한 재검 및 경제적/심리적 부담을 최소화 하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 무엇보다 21-OHD가 임상적으로 확실하게 의심되는 경우에는 확진 검사에 앞서 적절한 치료가 조기에 시작되어야 한다. 저자들은 본 종설에서 21-OHD의 신생아 선별 검사 후 진단 알고리즘에 대해 최신 문헌들에 근거하여 가이드라인을 제시하는 바이다.

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유아기 우식증과 치아 우식 예방에 대한 학령전 어린이 부모의 지식과 태도 (Knowledge and Attitude of Parents of Preschool Children about Early Childhood Caries and Dental Caries Prevention)

  • 이한이;김재곤;이대우;양연미
    • 대한소아치과학회지
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    • 제45권4호
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    • pp.407-417
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    • 2018
  • 유아기 우식증과 이의 예방에 대해 어린이의 부모가 가지는 구강건강 지식 및 태도와 이에 영향을 미치는 요소의 평가를 목적으로, 전주시 소재 유치원 3개소의 만 3 - 5세 어린이 중 최소 1회 이상의 영유아 구강검진 경험이 있는 어린이의 부모 247명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였다. 220명의 보호자의 설문지가 최종 분석을 위해 채택되었다. 어린이 구강건강에 대한 어머니의 전반적 인식은 100점 만점으로 환산하였을 때 82.3점(10.7/13개)으로 비교적 양호하였고, 어머니의 구강건강 지식수준과 어머니의 연령(p = 0.027), 교육수준(p = 0.002), 가계 월수입(p = 0.000)은 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 구강건강에 관한 정보의 주된 습득경로는 치과 의료진(83.6%)이었고, 웹 검색(22.3%)이 뒤를 이었다. 결론적으로 과거의 연구에 비해 보호자의 구강건강 지식수준은 향상되었다. 그러나 이 연구에서 미흡하게 평가된 항목에 대한 보호자의 인지도를 개선하기 위해서는, 영유아 구강검진 사업에 대한 홍보를 강화하여 수검률을 높이고, 구강검진 시 행해지는 구강 보건교육의 질을 향상시키기 위한 노력이 필요하다고 판단된다.